the best ppt

1. Extinct species of Animals
from india

2. Group seminar
79:-Introduction
75:-Meaning of the topic
72:-causes and reason
80:-where extinct species found
71:-list of extinct species
74:-conservation effect in national level
73:-conservation effect in international
level
78:-disadvantage’s of extinct species
76:-conclusion
Roll no. are:-

3. Introduction
EndangeredEndangered
 The extinction of species has always been a natural part of
evolution. The fossil record shows that since life originated
about four billion years ago the vast majority of species that
have existed are now extinct. Extinct species outnumber living
ones by a factor of perhaps a thousand to one.
 Sciencegnus:--
Scientists have identified five extinction events in Earth's
history, with some so severe that more than 90 percent of all
life forms were killed off. The last and most famous extinction
was the Cretaceous-Tertiary event some 63 million years ago
that killed off the dinosaurs and allowed the rise of mammals.
It is thought to have been caused by an asteroid hitting Earth.

4. Meaning of the topic
A species is extinct when the last existing member
dies. Extinction therefore becomes a certainty when
there are no surviving individuals that can reproduce
and create a new generation. A species may become
functionally extinct when only a handful of
individuals survive, which cannot reproduce due to
poor health, age, sparse distribution over a large
range, a lack of individuals of both sexes (in
sexually reproducing species), or other reasons.

5. Endangered Means
There’s Still Time
V Pinpointing the extinction of a species
requires a clear definition of that species. If it
is to be declared extinct, the species in
question must be uniquely distinguishable
from any ancestor or daughter species, and
from any other closely related species.
Extinction of a species (or replacement by a
daughter species) plays a key role in the
punctuated equilibrium hypothesis of
Stephen Jay Gould and Niles Eldredge

6. Causes and Reasons
The species are extinct or have reduced stocks for several
reasons, but the main cause is the destruction of habitat due to
human activities. As species evolve, most of them are adapted
to specific habitat or environment that best meets their needs
for survival. Without this particular habitat, the species cannot
survive.
1. Loss of habitat is one of the primary reasons for the
endangerment of species. Today, human intervention plays a
major role in the destruction of the natural landscape. Human
activities like removal of trees that provide both food and
shelter for innumerable number of species, mining and
agriculture.
2. Over hunting and poaching has a very destructive and
catastrophic effect on the number of animals and fishes all over
the world.

7. 3. Pollution like air pollution, water pollution and waste
pollution, especially in the form of plastic plays a very
dominant role in the endangerment of animal species.
Pollution not only causes health hazards for humans, but it
affects the animals also.
4. In a robust and hearty environment there is always an
accurate balance between the number of predators and
their prey animals. The predators who are natural enemies
of their prey animals choose the old and sick preys as they
cannot keep up with their group. But the problems become
more apparent when the predators wander in such an area
where they will get only a few numbers of their prey
animals.

8. Extinct Animals

10. where extinct species
found
 The importance of biodiversity in maintaining a stable
ecosystem implies that we need to avoid species extinction,
and there are a number of practices that can be employed to
help conserve our marine species.

One of the important approaches to protect marine
ecosystems that has been widely applied is Marine Protected
Areas (MPAs). MPAs are established in order to protect the
richness of marine life and the environment. Moreover, these
designated areas help to protect depleted, threatened, rare or
endangered species and populations, as well as to preserve
habitats of critical species. MPAs differ (e.g sandbank,
mudflat, lagoon and reef) and so the protected different
assemblages of species (e.g. Lamprey, Bottlenose Dolphin
and Loggerhead Turtle), based on the needs and natural
states in different countries. Currently there are several areas
in Europe have been chosen as potential MPAs area, such as
Dogger Bank, West Water of Amrum / Sylt, and Western
Irish Sea.

11. An example of MPAs application is through fishery closures
where a sea area is closed to a certain fishing gear or vessel
size, or for a certain target species. The closure to fishing
activities help to avoid species extinction since it can
increase the species richness. Additionally, it can also be a
powerful economic tool helping fisheries remain productive
and profitable

13. list of extinct
species
Zanzibar Leopard:-
One of several subspecies of leopard, the Zanzibar leopard made its
home on the Zanzibar archipelago of Tanzania. It's still unclear whether
this large cat is technically extinct — there are occasional unconfirmed
sightings.

14. Baiji River Dolphin:-
The Baiji River Dolphin have been considered critically endangered since
1996. Conservationists have made efforts to save these beautiful river
dolphins, but have been unsuccessful. The last confirmed sighting of this
freshwater river dolphin was in 2001. Since then, researchers have scanned
the Yangtze River in China — the Baiji River Dolphins’ only habitat — in
search of any survivors and have found none.

15. In 2006, researchers declared the species had likely joined the long list of
animals that are extinct, and stated that if there happened to be any survivors,
they likely would not survive.
Bharattherium bonapartei :-
Bharattherium molariforms are high, curved teeth, with a height of 6 to
8.5 millimetres (0.24 to 0.33 in). In a number of teeth tentatively
identified as fourth lower molariforms (mf4), there is a large furrow on
one side and a deep cavity (infundibulum) in the middle of the tooth.
Another tooth, perhaps a third lower molariform, has two furrows on one
side and three infundibula on the other. The tooth enamel has traits that
have been interpreted as protecting against cracks in the teeth.

16. Syrian Wild Ass:-
The Syrian Wild Ass was likely extinct when the last known captive animal
died at the Schönbrunn Zoo in Vienna, Austria, in 1928. It once had a wide
range throughout Mesopotamia, where reports were common of large herds
which used to roam wildly in the mountains and desert steppes of the Middle
East.
Although already threatened beforehand, it is said that the Syrian Wild Ass
completely collapsed during World War I, when their habitat was overrun with
heavily armed Turkish and British troops. One account remarked that ”it could
not resist the power of the modern guns in the hands of the Anazeh and
Shammar nomads, and its speed, great as it may have been, was not sufficient
always to escape from the velocity of the modern motor car which more and
more is replacing the Old Testament Camel-Caravan.”

17. Indian cheetah

19. Conservation effect in
national level
 There was a time when India was home for some of the most
beautiful wild animals, Due to excessive hunting and poaching
for sport
 and body parts by man, these wild animals have become
extinction. Some of the wild species are on the brink of
extinction and some of them are already
 extinction such as Dangs Giant Squirrel and Aldabra banded
snail. Critically endangered species in India are the Great
cats,one Horne rhinoceros
 ,Ganges river dolphins,Purple frog,birds species such as
Himalayan Quail,Great Indian Bustard and Indian Horn-bill and
many small mammals.
 The Indian government is planning a re-wilding project for
Cheetahs.

20.  Indian Cheetah: Indian Cheetah also known as
Asiatic Cheetah have been known to exist in India for
a very long time. Due to access hunting,
 Deforestation and habitat loss,the fastest land animal
on earth become extinct in India. The Asiatic Cheetah
is a rare and critically endangered
 species of Big Cats family,now found today only in
Iran so also known as the Iranian Cheetah, world’s
last few are occasional sightings in
 neighbor countries of India. Indian Cheetah was found
in semi-desert areas of Rajasthann and Gujarat and
other open habitats where prey is available.

21. Conservation effect in
international level
 In Australia, the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation
Act 1999 (EPBC Act) describes
 lists of threatened species, ecological communities and threatening
processes. The categories resemble those of the 1994 I
 UCN Red List Categories & Criteria (version 2.3). Prior to the EPBC
Act, a simpler classification system was
 used by the Endangered Species Protection Act 1992. State
governments also have differing systems.
 In Belgium, the Flemish Research Institute for Nature and Forest
publishes an online set of more than 150 nature indicators in Dutch.[5]
 In Canada, the
Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada
(COSEWIC) is a group of experts that assesses and designates
 which wild species are in some danger of disappearing from Canada.
[6] Under the Species at Risk Act (SARA), it is up to the federal
 government, which is politically accountable, to legally protect species
assessed by COSEWIC.

22.  In China, the State, provinces and some counties have determined their
key protected wildlife species. There is the China red data book.
 In Finland, a large number of species are protected under the Nature
Conservation Act, and through the EU Habitats Directive and EU Birds
Directive.[7]
 In Germany, the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation publishes "red
lists of endangered species".
 India has the Wild Life Protection Act, 1972, Amended 2003 and the
Biological Diversity Act, 2002.
 In Japan, the Ministry of Environment publishes a Threatened Wildlife of
Japan Red Data Book.
 In the Netherlands, the Dutch
Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality publishes a list of
threatened species, and conservation is enforced by the Nature
Conservation Act 1998. Species are also protected through the Wild Birds
and Habitats Directives.
 In New Zealand, the Department of Conservation publishes the New
Zealand Threat Classification System lists. Under this system threatened
 species or subspecies are assigned one of seven categories: Nationally
Critical, Nationally Endangered, Nationally Vulnerable, Serious Decline,
 Gradual Decline, Sparse, or Range Restricted.

23. Disease
The spread of disease may be both a natural and human
factor behind extinction. Naturally occurring diseases that
afflict specific plant or animal taxa may be inadvertently
spread by humans with disastrous consequences, for
example, Dutch elm disease, which is a fungal disease of elm
trees spread by the elm bark beetle. Although believed to be
originally native to Asia, the disease has been accidentally
introduced into North America and Europe, where it has
devastated native populations of elms which had not had the
opportunity to evolve resistance.
Red tide

24. Disadvantage’s of
extinct species
Pollution may be a natural or human cause of extinction,
and can take many forms. Natural pollution events may result
from cataclysmic geographic processes (volcanic eruptions,
floods, earthquakes, etc.), or from over-population of
ecosystems by specific species (red tide) or other processes.
natural pollution events commonly cause local extinction
events, but rarely are sufficiently wide scale to cause complete
extinction of significant numbers of plant and animal taxa.
particularly those that are endemic to a small geographic
area, or have a small or slow-regenerating population overall.
Pollution may impact entire ecosystems, including humans
for example the pesticide DDT, which was used against
arthropods up until the 1970s, but causes catastrophic impacts
at all ecological levels.

25. volcanic eruptions

26. 1. International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW)
Founded in 1969, the International Fund for Animal Welfare is currently one
of the largest animal welfare and conservation charities in the world. All over
the world, they save and rescue individual animals, protects entire animal
populations (such as working to stop the illegal killing of elephants and trading
of their ivory), and preserves precious habitat. From dogs, cats and farm
animals to wildlife and sea creatures, IFAW is there when animals require
assistance, have been affected by natural disasters, or need an advocate
against cruelty.
2. Sea Shepherd Conservation Society
Based in Friday Harbor on San Juan Island, Wa., the Sea Shepherd
Conservation Society was established in 1977 in the United States as an
international non-profit, marine conservation organization. Their mission is to
conserve and protect ecosystems and marine species, to end the destruction
of habitat and slaughter, poaching, of wildlife in the world’s oceans by using
direct action tactics to protect marine life.

27.  3. Defenders of Wildlife
 Defenders of Wildlife was founded in 1947 with the belief that wildlife and
nature brings unmeasurable value and therefore must be protected. They
are a national conservation organization dedicated to the protection of all
native animal and plant species in their natural communities throughout
North America, and are focused solely on wildlife and habitat conservation
and the safeguarding of biodiversity. This means not only protecting wildlife,
but also the land and water sources they use in order to thrive.

28. conclusion
 About one quarter of the species found as fossils in the caves
are totally extinct. Of these species, most died out during the
Pleistocene, 40 to 50 thousand years ago, while others became
extinct following European settlement. The group to suffer the
most dramatic decline were the medium to large sized
marsupials (those with a body weight greater than 5 kg), with
almost 80% of those found in the fossil deposits now totally
extinct.

The largest of these are called the Megafauna, and include
animals greater than 40 kg in weight. They ranged from the
wallaby-sized leaf-eating kangaroo Simosthenurus occidentalis
to the enormous 2.5 tonne Diprotodon australis. Examples of
these and other extinct animals are included in the Wonambi
Fossil Centre diorama.

29.  Since the evolution of human beings, the existence of the life
forms around them begins to change with a considerable effect.
Human beings are currently causing the greatest mass
extinction of species since the extinction of dinosaurs 65 million
years ago. Researches shows that in another 100 years half of
the animal species present right now will be extinct if there are
no measures taken to protect them.
 It would be a result of the uncontrolled habitat destruction,
pollution and climate change. A majority of the world’s biologist
had come to a conclusion that a mass extinction of animals is
underway in the next century to come, yet most of us are not
aware of this circumstance.
 The last two centuries witnessed accelerated rates of animal
extinction and endangerment which took place alongside
industrial progress and rapid growth of the human population.

32. Thank
you