Introduction to citation

1. Making a
contribution - 2
W R I T I N G I V
(HE285)
Prof. Dr. Ron Martinez
drronmartinez@gmail.com

2. Review of “moves”
• Compare your homework (with the three
introductions) with a classmate’s. Do you
have the same answers?
• Now show your introduction to your partner –
can (s)he find Move 1, Move 2, and Move 3?

3. A “problem-solution” approach

4. “problematizing”
• Weekends
• Sunny days
• Pizza
• Kittens
• Losing weight
• Earning more money
• Having a baby
• World peace
• Brushing you teeth
• Carnaval

5. Example: “Sunny days”
There is a general consensus that people enjoy sunny
days. After all, sunny days have been known to positively
affect people’s moods, and to be conducive to outdoor
activity. However, while it is true that sunny days carry a
positive association, it can be argued that not everyone
benefits equally from sunshine. For example, it has been
well established that the sun can also damage one’s skin,
and contribute to premature ageing and skin cancer. There
is also growing evidence that violent crimes tend to
increase on sunny days. Following a careful analysis of
some of the most harmful and beneficial effects of sunny
days, this essay will suggest that while sunny days should
still be thought of as a positive and welcome occurrence in
our lives, there are important caveats to heed.

6. What’s missing?
There is a general consensus that people enjoy sunny
days. After all, sunny days have been known to positively
affect people’s moods, and to be conducive to outdoor
activity. However, while it is true that sunny days carry a
positive association, it can be argued that not everyone
benefits equally from sunshine. For example, it has been
well established that the sun can also damage one’s skin,
and contribute to premature ageing and skin cancer. There
is also growing evidence that violent crimes tend to
increase on sunny days. Following a careful analysis of
some of the most harmful and beneficial effects of sunny
days, this essay will suggest that while sunny days should
still be thought of as a positive and welcome occurrence in
our lives, there are important caveats to heed.

7. What’s missing?
There is a general consensus that people enjoy sunny
days. After all, sunny days have been known to positively
affect people’s moods, and to be conducive to outdoor
activity. However, while it is true that sunny days carry a
positive association, it can be argued that not everyone
benefits equally from sunshine. For example, it has been
well established that the sun can also damage one’s skin,
and contribute to premature ageing and skin cancer. There
is also growing evidence that violent crimes tend to
increase on sunny days. Following a careful analysis of
some of the most harmful and beneficial effects of sunny
days, this essay will suggest that while sunny days should
still be thought of as a positive and welcome occurrence in
our lives, there are important caveats to heed.

8. To cite or not to cite… (homework)

9. To cite or not to cite (homework)
• Why do people cite sources in academic
writing?
• Were you surprised/confused at any of the
citations in the homework?
• Sometimes authors cite more than one source
for the same statement – why does this
happen?

11. “posse gathering”

13. Where would you cite?
There is a general consensus that people enjoy sunny
days. After all, sunny days have been known to positively
affect people’s moods, and to be conducive to outdoor
activity. However, while it is true that sunny days carry a
positive association, it can be argued that not everyone
benefits equally from sunshine. For example, it has been
well established that the sun can also damage one’s skin,
and contribute to premature ageing and skin cancer. There
is also growing evidence that violent crimes tend to
increase on sunny days. Following a careful analysis of
some of the most harmful and beneficial effects of sunny
days, this essay will suggest that while sunny days should
still be thought of as a positive and welcome occurrence in
our lives, there are important caveats to heed.

14. Prof. Ron’s suggestions:
There is a general consensus that people enjoy sunny days
(Burns, 2001; Rays, 2011). After all, sunny days have been known to
positively affect people’s moods (Prozac, 1999), and to be conducive
to outdoor activity (Jetski, 2009). However, while it is true that
sunny days carry a positive association, it can be argued that not
everyone benefits equally from sunshine. For example, it has been
well established that the sun can also damage one’s skin, and
contribute to premature ageing and skin cancer (Nivea, 1987;
Sundown, 2014). There is also growing evidence that violent crimes
tend to increase on sunny days (Shortfuse, 2002). Following a
careful analysis of some of the most harmful and beneficial effects
of sunny days, this essay will suggest that while sunny days should
still be thought of as a positive and welcome occurrence in our lives,
there are important caveats to heed.

15. Now you try!
1. Read your “problematized” paragraph again,
and this time insert an arrow where you think a
citation should go. (Insert 2 or more arrows if
you think it is relevant.)
2. Show your citation points to a classmate – does
(s)he agree?
3. If time: try to think of names of “authors” for
your citations. (Remember: the focus now is on
when and why to cite, not “who” to cite... yet.)