The document discusses proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). It provides an overview of fuel cells in general and describes the history and basic components of PEMFCs specifically. PEMFCs use a solid polymer electrolyte that allows protons to pass through but blocks electrons and gases. They operate at a low temperature of 50-100°C and have advantages like rapid load following, compact design, and high power density. Applications include transportation, portable power, and stationary power generation. The current PEM market is dominated by portable devices, with transportation and stationary power making up smaller shares.

1. Hydrogen & Fuel Cell(3712108)
Title: Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel cell
Presented by: Ronakkumar N. Patel
Enrollment no: 190010721001
A. D. PATEL INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY

2. PEM Fuel Cell
REPORTERS
Aliñabon,
Louella Ann
Delima,
Venus
Dizon,
Clark
Inot,
Lysa
Lamanilao,
Juphil
Tuquib,
Percy

3. Contents
OVERVIEW of FUEL CELL
HISTORY of PEMFC
What is PEMFC?

4. Contents
Basic Elements in a PEMFC
How PEM Fuel Cell Works
How PEM FC SYSTEM works
PEM FUEL CELL Applications
The Current PEM Market
Part II

5. Overview of a Fuel Cell
A fuel cell consists of two electrodes sandwiched around an
electrolyte. Oxygen passes over one electrode and hydrogen
over the other, generating electricity, water and heat.
A fuel cell system which includes a "fuel reformer"
can utilize the hydrogen from any hydrocarbon fuel -
from natural gas to methanol, and even gasoline.

6. Different Types of Fuel Cell
Description:
PAFC - uses phosphoric acid as the
electrolyte.
(MCFC) uses high-temperature compounds
of salt (like sodium or magnesium)
carbonates (chemically, CO3) as the
electrolyte.
(AFC) operates on compressed hydrogen
and oxygen. They generally use a solution
of potassium hydroxide (chemically, KOH)
PROTON
EXCHANGE
MEMBRANE
in water as their electrolyte.
(SOFC) uses a hard, ceramic compound of
metal (like calcium or zirconium) oxides
(chemically, O2) as electrolyte.
(PEM) works with a polymer electrolyte in
the form of a thin, permeable sheet.

7. History of PEM Fuel Cell
PEM technology was invented at General Electric through the
work of Thomas Grubb and Leonard Niedrach.
GE developed PEM water electrolysis technology for
undersea life support, leading to the US Navy Oxygen
Generating Plant.
Los Alamos National Lab and Texas A&M University
experimented with ways to reduce the amount of platinum
required for PEM cells.
1960
GE developed a small fuel cell for a program with the U.S. Navy's
mid-1960s Bureau of Ships (Electronics Division) and the U.S. Army Signal
Corps. The unit was fueled by hydrogen generated by mixing water
and lithium hydride.
mid-1970s
1990s
1980s The British Royal Navy adopted this technology in early 1980s
for their submarine fleet.

8. What is PEM Fuel Cell?
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane FC
- consists of an electrolyte membrane sandwiched between an
anode (negative electrode) and a cathode (positive electrode).
Concept
PEM fuel cells work with a polymer electrolyte in the form of a
thin, permeable sheet and allow hydrogen protons to pass
through but prohibit the passage of electrons and heavier gases.
Description
- a thin, solid, organic compound, typically the consistency of plastic
wrap and about as thick as 2 to 7 sheets of paper. This membrane
functions as an electrolyte: allows the solution to conduct electricity

9. PEM Fuel Cell Basics
For automotive applications
hydrogen is the fuel choice.
Low temperature; Polymer
Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) type
cells are the standard devices.
The reactants or fuel in a fuel cell
can be replaced unlike a standard
disposable or rechargeable battery.
1
Fuel cells are operationally equivalent to a battery.
4
2
5
3
Electrochemical energy comes
from the reaction: ½ H2 +
½ O2 → H2O.
6
Theoretically the maximum voltage
that this reaction can generate is
1.2 V. However, in practice the cell
usually generates about 0.7 V to
0.9 V and about 1 W cm-2 of power.

10. What is PEM Fuel Cell?
Electrolyte
System
Output
CHP
Eff.
Electrical
Eff.
Operating
Temp.
50 - 100°C
122 – 212°F
53 – 58%
(transportation)
25 – 35%
(stationary)
Solid organic polymer
poly(perfluorosulfunic
acid)
1KW – 250 KW
70 – 90%
(low grade
waste heat)

11. ADVANTAGES
Rapid load
following
capability
Lower cost of
fabrication
Robust
High power
density
The Proton Exchange Membrane
(PEM) system allows compact
designs and achieves a high energy
to weight ratio.
Efficient
In comparison, the internal
compaction motor has an efficiency of
about 15%.

12. HIGH
Manufacturing
Cost
Heavy Auxiliary
Equipment
Needs Pure
Hydrogen
Complex Heat
and Water
Management
Start and stop conditions induce drying and wetting, which contributes
to membrane stress. If run continuously, the stationary stack is
estimated at 40,000 hours. Stack replacement is a major expense.
Disadvantages

13. -It conducts the electrons that are freed from the
hydrogen molecules so that they can be used in an
external circuit.
Basic Elements of PEMFC
•-It has channels etched into it that disperse the hydrogen gas
equally over the surface of the catalyst.
Anode
-conducts the electrons back from the external circuit
Cathode
to the catalyst, where they can recombine with the
hydrogen ions and oxygen to form water
Anode Reaction Cathode Reaction
H2 → 2H+ + 2e- O2 + 4H+ + 4e- → 2H2O
-has channels etched into it that distribute the oxygen to the
surface of the catalyst.

14. Basic Elements of PEMFC
[Image Info] www.wizdata.co.kr - Note to customers : This image has been licensed to be used within this PowerPoint template only. You may not extract the image for any other use.
Electrolyte
-This specially treated material, which looks something
like ordinary kitchen plastic wrap, only conducts
positively charged ions.
- The membrane blocks electrons.
Catalyst
- It is usually made of platinum powder very thinly
coated onto carbon paper or cloth.
- The catalyst is rough and porous so that the maximum
surface area of the platinum can be exposed to the
hydrogen or oxygen.
- The platinum-coated side of the catalyst faces the
PEM.

15. How a PEM Fuel Cell Works?

16. How a PEM Fuel Cell Works?

17. How a PEM Fuel System Works?

18. Fuel Cell Stack

19. PEM Fuel Cell Applications
The first viable
electric alternative to
the internal
combustion engine
for vehicles, e.g.
cars, motorbikes,
buses, locomotives,
forklifts, light aircraft
and UAVs.
Portable generation systems for
domestic, industrial, military and
maritime application
Small scale power packs for
remote, unattended and
military application
On board
auxiliary power
units (APUs) for
land and air
Decentralized
power generation
for industrial and
domestic
transportation applications
General battery replacement/displacement.

20. The Current PEM Market
63%
6%
10%
2%
Portable
Niche
Transportation
Light Duty
Devices
Large
Stationary
3%
Buses
16% Small
Stationary
Total Number of PEM Units Installed Globally By Application

21. •Thank you