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ISO 14044

Environmental Management - Life
Cycle Assessment - Requirements
         and Guidelines



       INDUS Enviro© Confidential
ISO 14044

 ISO 14044:2006 is designed for the preparation of, conduct
  of, and critical review of life cycle inventory analysis (LCIA).
  It also provides guidance on the impact assessment phase of
  LCA and on the interpretation of LCA results, as well as the
  nature and quality of the data collected.

 ISO 14040:2006 and ISO 14044:2006 replace the previous
  standards (ISO 14040:1997, ISO 14041:1999, ISO
  14042:2000 and ISO 14043:2000).




                      INDUS Enviro© Confidential
 ISO 14044 specifies requirements and provides guidelines for life cycle
  assessment (LCA) including :

    • the goal and scope definition of the LCA,
    • the life cycle inventory analysis (LCI) phase,
    • the life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) phase,
    • the life cycle interpretation phase,
    • reporting and critical review of the LCA,
    • limitations of the LCA,
    • relationship between the LCA phases, and
    • conditions for use of value choices and optional elements.




                           INDUS Enviro© Confidential
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a structured, comprehensive and
internationally standardised method. It quantifies all relevant emissions and
resources consumed and the related environmental and health impacts and
resource depletion issues that are associated with any goods or services
(“products”).

LCA can assist in –
⎯ identifying opportunities to improve the environmental performance of
products at various points in their life cycle,
⎯ informing decision-makers in industry, government or non-government
organizations (e.g. for the purpose of strategic planning, priority
setting, product or process design or redesign),
⎯ the selection of relevant indicators of environmental performance, including
measurement techniques, and
⎯ marketing (e.g. implementing an ecolabelling scheme, making an
environmental claim, or producing an environmental product declaration).


                           INDUS Enviro© Confidential
There are four phases in an Life Cycle Assessment Study:

• the goal and scope definition phase,
  The scope, including system boundary and level of detail, of an LCA depends on
  the subject and the intended use of the study.
• the inventory analysis phase,
  It involves the collection of the data necessary to meet the goals of the defined
  study.
• the impact assessment phase, and
  The purpose of LCIA is to provide additional information to help assess a product
  system’s LCI results so as to better understand their environmental significance.
• the interpretation phase.
  The results of an LCI or an LCIA, or both, are summarized and discussed as a basis
  for conclusions, recommendations and decision-making.




                            INDUS Enviro© Confidential
 ISO 14044:2006 Standard covers two types of studies:
   • Life cycle Assessment studies (LCA studies)
   • Life Cycle Inventory studies (LCI studies)


 LCI studies are similar to LCA studies but exclude the LCIA phase.
  LCI are not to be confused with the LCI phase of an LCA study.

 The information developed in an LCA or LCI study can be used as
  part of a much more comprehensive decision process




                       INDUS Enviro© Confidential
Life Cycle Assessment Framework


Goal definition


                                                   Direct applications:

Scope definition                                   • Product development and
                                                     improvement
                            Interpretation         • Strategic planning
                                                   • Public policy making
   Inventory                                       • Marketing
    analysis                                       • Other



   Impact
 assessment



       Including Documentation, Review              From ISO 14044:2006

                      INDUS Enviro© Confidential
Life Cycle Assessment process

 Goal and Scope
  • Definition of the objectives of the study
  • Choice of the functional unit
  • Delimitation of the system boundaries
  • Data quality requirements




                     INDUS Enviro© Confidential
• Life Cycle Inventory Analysis
  • The system : construction of the life cycle tree
  • Data collection
  • Use of data
  • Application of cut-off rules, taking into account of co-
    products
  • Computation of the inventory
  • Identification of the contribution of flows to the different
    life cycle stages, and identification of the most represented
    stages
  • Exclusion of life Cycle Stages, where lack of significance




                    INDUS Enviro© Confidential
Procedure for Inventory Analysis




     INDUS Enviro© Confidential
Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA)
 Inventory analysis is followed by impact assessment. This
  phase of LCA is aimed at evaluating the significance of
  potential environmental impacts based on the LCI flow results.
   • selection of impact categories, category indicators, and
     characterization models;
   • Determination of contribution to the impacts;
   • the classification stage, where the inventory parameters are
     sorted and assigned to specific impact categories; and
   • impact measurement, where the categorized LCI flows are
     characterized




                      INDUS Enviro© Confidential
Interpretation
 Life Cycle Interpretation is a systematic technique to identify,
  quantify, check, and evaluate information from the results of the life
  cycle inventory and/or the life cycle impact assessment.
 The results from the inventory analysis and impact assessment are
  summarized during the interpretation phase. It includes
    • Identification of the strong and the weak points based on the results of
      the LCI and LCIA phases
    • Meeting the goals set during the first stage
    • evaluation of the study considering completeness, sensitivity and
      consistency checks
    • conclusions, limitations and recommendations.




                          INDUS Enviro© Confidential
Relationships between elements within the Interpretation Phase
                 with the other phases of LCA




                 INDUS Enviro© Confidential
Definitions
• life cycle
  consecutive and interlinked stages of a product system, from raw material
  acquisition or generation from natural resources to final disposal
• system boundary
  set of criteria specifying which unit processes are part of a product
  system
• consistency check
  process of verifying that the assumptions, methods and data are
  consistently applied throughout the study and are in accordance with
  the goal and scope definition performed before conclusions are
  reached




                          INDUS Enviro© Confidential
• completeness check
  process of verifying whether information from the phases of a life
  cycle assessment is sufficient for reaching conclusions in accordance
  with the goal and scope definition
• sensitivity check
  process of verifying that the information obtained from a sensitivity
  analysis is relevant for reaching the conclusions and giving reco
• evaluation
  element within the life cycle interpretation phase intended
   to establish confidence in the results of the life cycle assessment
  mmendations




                        INDUS Enviro© Confidential
Examples: Volvo
• Volvo Company has focused its Life Cycle Analysis work on reducing
  GHG Emissions, and opened the first carbon neutral auto plant in Belgium
  in 2007.

• CO2 emission were reduced by 14,000 ton annually. In Belgium,70% of
  heating is supplied by a new biomass facility powered by pellets. The
  remaining 30% is provided by gas fired boiler converted to run on boifuel.
  The win turbine were installed on the site, proving 50% of the electricity
  needed.

• As per Volvo 2008 Sustainability Report, Volvo gained knowledge for a
  product’s environmental impact over its entire life by conducting Life
  Cycle Analysis.




                         INDUS Enviro© Confidential
Examples: Unilever
• Unilever uses LCA in three ways:
    – Product innovation( to compare new and existing projects)
    – Product Category Analysis (Studied environment footprint of Brands)
    – Strategic Studies (understand the impact of their Business Activity)

    •   LCA has been crucial to support Unilever’s commitment to manage to reduce their
        environment impact in the areas of GHG Emissions, water, waste and sustainable
        sourcing, which led to launch the Unilever sustainable living plan in November 2010




                              INDUS Enviro© Confidential
Thank you !

          For More Details Contact –

          Rubal Saxena
 Senior Executive - Regulatory & Sustainability Services
INDUS Environmental Services Pvt Ltd
       A-8, C R Park, New Delhi - 110 019
                   INDIA.
          T : +91 11 2627 1433 (Ext- 17)
          www.indusenviro.com
         rubal@indusenviro.com




    INDUS Enviro© Confidential

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ISO 14044

  • 1. ISO 14044 Environmental Management - Life Cycle Assessment - Requirements and Guidelines INDUS Enviro© Confidential
  • 2. ISO 14044  ISO 14044:2006 is designed for the preparation of, conduct of, and critical review of life cycle inventory analysis (LCIA). It also provides guidance on the impact assessment phase of LCA and on the interpretation of LCA results, as well as the nature and quality of the data collected.  ISO 14040:2006 and ISO 14044:2006 replace the previous standards (ISO 14040:1997, ISO 14041:1999, ISO 14042:2000 and ISO 14043:2000). INDUS Enviro© Confidential
  • 3.  ISO 14044 specifies requirements and provides guidelines for life cycle assessment (LCA) including : • the goal and scope definition of the LCA, • the life cycle inventory analysis (LCI) phase, • the life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) phase, • the life cycle interpretation phase, • reporting and critical review of the LCA, • limitations of the LCA, • relationship between the LCA phases, and • conditions for use of value choices and optional elements. INDUS Enviro© Confidential
  • 4. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a structured, comprehensive and internationally standardised method. It quantifies all relevant emissions and resources consumed and the related environmental and health impacts and resource depletion issues that are associated with any goods or services (“products”). LCA can assist in – ⎯ identifying opportunities to improve the environmental performance of products at various points in their life cycle, ⎯ informing decision-makers in industry, government or non-government organizations (e.g. for the purpose of strategic planning, priority setting, product or process design or redesign), ⎯ the selection of relevant indicators of environmental performance, including measurement techniques, and ⎯ marketing (e.g. implementing an ecolabelling scheme, making an environmental claim, or producing an environmental product declaration). INDUS Enviro© Confidential
  • 5. There are four phases in an Life Cycle Assessment Study: • the goal and scope definition phase, The scope, including system boundary and level of detail, of an LCA depends on the subject and the intended use of the study. • the inventory analysis phase, It involves the collection of the data necessary to meet the goals of the defined study. • the impact assessment phase, and The purpose of LCIA is to provide additional information to help assess a product system’s LCI results so as to better understand their environmental significance. • the interpretation phase. The results of an LCI or an LCIA, or both, are summarized and discussed as a basis for conclusions, recommendations and decision-making. INDUS Enviro© Confidential
  • 6.  ISO 14044:2006 Standard covers two types of studies: • Life cycle Assessment studies (LCA studies) • Life Cycle Inventory studies (LCI studies)  LCI studies are similar to LCA studies but exclude the LCIA phase. LCI are not to be confused with the LCI phase of an LCA study.  The information developed in an LCA or LCI study can be used as part of a much more comprehensive decision process INDUS Enviro© Confidential
  • 7. Life Cycle Assessment Framework Goal definition Direct applications: Scope definition • Product development and improvement Interpretation • Strategic planning • Public policy making Inventory • Marketing analysis • Other Impact assessment Including Documentation, Review From ISO 14044:2006 INDUS Enviro© Confidential
  • 8. Life Cycle Assessment process  Goal and Scope • Definition of the objectives of the study • Choice of the functional unit • Delimitation of the system boundaries • Data quality requirements INDUS Enviro© Confidential
  • 9. • Life Cycle Inventory Analysis • The system : construction of the life cycle tree • Data collection • Use of data • Application of cut-off rules, taking into account of co- products • Computation of the inventory • Identification of the contribution of flows to the different life cycle stages, and identification of the most represented stages • Exclusion of life Cycle Stages, where lack of significance INDUS Enviro© Confidential
  • 10. Procedure for Inventory Analysis INDUS Enviro© Confidential
  • 11. Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA)  Inventory analysis is followed by impact assessment. This phase of LCA is aimed at evaluating the significance of potential environmental impacts based on the LCI flow results. • selection of impact categories, category indicators, and characterization models; • Determination of contribution to the impacts; • the classification stage, where the inventory parameters are sorted and assigned to specific impact categories; and • impact measurement, where the categorized LCI flows are characterized INDUS Enviro© Confidential
  • 12. Interpretation  Life Cycle Interpretation is a systematic technique to identify, quantify, check, and evaluate information from the results of the life cycle inventory and/or the life cycle impact assessment.  The results from the inventory analysis and impact assessment are summarized during the interpretation phase. It includes • Identification of the strong and the weak points based on the results of the LCI and LCIA phases • Meeting the goals set during the first stage • evaluation of the study considering completeness, sensitivity and consistency checks • conclusions, limitations and recommendations. INDUS Enviro© Confidential
  • 13. Relationships between elements within the Interpretation Phase with the other phases of LCA INDUS Enviro© Confidential
  • 14. Definitions • life cycle consecutive and interlinked stages of a product system, from raw material acquisition or generation from natural resources to final disposal • system boundary set of criteria specifying which unit processes are part of a product system • consistency check process of verifying that the assumptions, methods and data are consistently applied throughout the study and are in accordance with the goal and scope definition performed before conclusions are reached INDUS Enviro© Confidential
  • 15. • completeness check process of verifying whether information from the phases of a life cycle assessment is sufficient for reaching conclusions in accordance with the goal and scope definition • sensitivity check process of verifying that the information obtained from a sensitivity analysis is relevant for reaching the conclusions and giving reco • evaluation element within the life cycle interpretation phase intended to establish confidence in the results of the life cycle assessment mmendations INDUS Enviro© Confidential
  • 16. Examples: Volvo • Volvo Company has focused its Life Cycle Analysis work on reducing GHG Emissions, and opened the first carbon neutral auto plant in Belgium in 2007. • CO2 emission were reduced by 14,000 ton annually. In Belgium,70% of heating is supplied by a new biomass facility powered by pellets. The remaining 30% is provided by gas fired boiler converted to run on boifuel. The win turbine were installed on the site, proving 50% of the electricity needed. • As per Volvo 2008 Sustainability Report, Volvo gained knowledge for a product’s environmental impact over its entire life by conducting Life Cycle Analysis. INDUS Enviro© Confidential
  • 17. Examples: Unilever • Unilever uses LCA in three ways: – Product innovation( to compare new and existing projects) – Product Category Analysis (Studied environment footprint of Brands) – Strategic Studies (understand the impact of their Business Activity) • LCA has been crucial to support Unilever’s commitment to manage to reduce their environment impact in the areas of GHG Emissions, water, waste and sustainable sourcing, which led to launch the Unilever sustainable living plan in November 2010 INDUS Enviro© Confidential
  • 18. Thank you ! For More Details Contact – Rubal Saxena Senior Executive - Regulatory & Sustainability Services INDUS Environmental Services Pvt Ltd A-8, C R Park, New Delhi - 110 019 INDIA. T : +91 11 2627 1433 (Ext- 17) www.indusenviro.com rubal@indusenviro.com INDUS Enviro© Confidential