2. GENDER: - The social definition of what it means to be
male or female. This definition includes the economic,
social and cultural attributes and opportunities
associated with being male or female, which vary
among cultures and change over time.
Gender is the culturally-specific
set of characteristics that explains
the social behavior of women
and men and the relationship
between them.
SEX: - Sex identifies the biological
differences between women and mean.
3. GENDER SENSITIVITY: - The ability to perceive existing
gender differences, issues and inequalities and to incorporate these
into strategies and actions.
GENDER STEREOTYPING: - Social or psychological
characteristics attributed to women or men on the basis of gender.
These characteristics shape expectations of gender behavior.
Examples of gender stereotyping of women include being caring,
submissive or weak; and of men, being rough, assertive and strong.
GENDER EQUALITY: - It refers to equal enjoyment by women
and men of socially valued goods, opportunities, resources or
rewards.
It does not men sameness. Men and women are different both
physiologically and psychologically.
4. PLACE OF WOMEN IN THE INDIAN SOCIETY: -
A(culture) historical perspective:
The goddess
The mother
The sister
The wife
GENDER INEQUALITY: - current demographic profile of India
Total Indian population: - 1.34 billion
Males: - 69.6 crore
Female: - 65.2 crore
• Current sex ratio in India is 945 females for every 1000
males.
5. Objectives of gender sensitivity issue
• To reduce barrier in developing personal and economic
success created by sexism.
• To generate respect for individuals regardless of sex.
Gender sensitivity issues are arising in India is as follow: -
Gender sensitivity is an integral part of decision making in
industrialized countries where there is a growing number of
female households especially in the urban setting. Gender
sensitivity is not about pitting women against men. Sexism
creates gender bias. It exists both among men and among
women. It does not respect individual according to their
potentials or abilities.
6. They are as following: -
1. Inequality in healthcare
2. Inequality in access to education
3. Inequality in employment
4. Inequality in nutrition
5. Inequality in religion
6. Inequality in politics
7. Inequality in right to travel
8. Forbidden from driving
9. Victims of violence
10. Prenatal diagnostic technique
11.Clothing requirements
12. Female infanticide
13. Media
14. Development and economics
7. 1. Inequality in health care: - Women
receive less healthcare facilities than men.
A primary way that parents discriminate
against their girl children is through
neglect during illness. As an adult, they
tend to be less likely to admit that they are
sick and may wait until their sickness has
progressed far before they seek help is
sought for them.
Women in developing countries
face great health risks such as maternal
mortality, sexually transmitted
diseases(STDs) such as AIDS, and
malnutrition.
8. 2. Inequality in access
education: - About
two thirds of the illiterate
adults in the worlds are
female because gender
discrimination of children
originates from differential
perception of parents,
where by boys are treated as
all-time investment and girls
as a perpetual liability.
9. 3.Inequality in employment: -
Many field work job not given to
female, because they believe that
women are unable to perform. In
nursing specialty also many
hospitals prefer only male nurses.
10. 4. Inequality in Nutrition: -
Nutritional deprivation has two
major consequences for women:
they never reach their full growth
potential, and suffer from anemia,
which are risk factors in pregnancy.
This condition complicates
childbearing and results in women
and infant deaths, and low birth
weight infants. The tradition also
requires that women eat last and
least throughout their lives.
11. 5.Inequality in religion: - Many
customs, beliefs and laws that
discriminate against women
have been perpetrated by
religion. Even in religion, there
has been a sexual division of
labor. Men do the thinking;
therefore, they engage in
scholarship, scripture study and
interpretation.
6. Inequality in politics: -
Social and cultural barriers, lack
of interest of political parties,
inadequate political training of
women, lack of political skills.
12. 7. Inequality in right to travel: - Married women
must have their husbands’ permission to travel
abroad, and they may be prevented from doing so
for any reason.
8. Forbidden from Driving: - women are not
allowed to drive, or even ride bikes, and men are
allowed to drive women.
13. 9.Victims of violence: - violence based on gender is universal.
Gender violence can be defined as acts of force or cruelty
directed at an individual woman and which perpetrates female
subordination. Some explanations for the occurrence of gender
violence include cultural and societal norms about owning,
using and hurting women, power relations and beliefs. Patterns
of abuse and violence are learned at an early age and are
difficult to change.
Violence may directly and indirectly effect women’s
reproductive health including unwanted pregnancies, STD
infection and many psychological problems.
14.
15. 10. Prenatal Diagnostic Technique:
- The passing of prenatal diagnostic
technique act in 1994 also is a step
in removing gender discrimination.
This act seeks to end sex
determination tests and female
feticide and prohibits doctors from
conducting such procedures for the
specific purpose of determining the
sex of the fetus.
16. 11. Female Infanticide: -
Abortion, neglect,
abandonment and infanticide
have been known to occur to
female infants.
12.Clothing requirements: -
13. Media: -
14. Development and
economics: -
17. Gender Sensitivity Issue In Nursing Practice: -
1) Literacy and policy review: -
(2) Violence: -
(3) Culture: -
