Have a quick overview of most of the embedded linux components and their details. How ti build Embedded Linux Hardware & Software, and developing Embedded Products

1. Embedded Linux BSP
Training (Intro)
Organised by YoctoTutor & supported by
RuggedBOARD

2. Agenda
• Introduction to EMBEDDED LINUX
• Embedded OS Components
• eLinux Boards / SBC’s
• Boot Loaders (U-BOOT, Barebox)
• Linux Kernel
• ROOTFS & Build Systems
• Embedded Programming on RB-A5D2x Linux
• Linux Internal
• Demos
• Open Discussion

3. Embedded Systems Classification
MCU Based
Very Low Power
Small Code (KB’s)
Baremetal
Small RTOS
MPU Based
High Speed (200MHz till 1GHz)
OS + Application Code
MPU+ Based
Special Co-Processors
Very High Computation Power
Special Hardware Accelerator
Engines like TPU, VPU, GPU’s
S1.0 S2.0 S3.0
Mostly uses Cortex-M4
having BLE comm and few
sensors need companion
mobile
Mostly uses Cortex-A7, 4G
comm friendly UI, make
calls, check emails etc …
Mostly uses Cortex-53, 4G
and advance AI/ML
capabilities to process the
data on-device and generate
analytics & feedback

4. RootFS
Toolchain
eLinux System ARCH

5. Linux OS Distributions

6. System Hardware
Processor Blueprint, defines IS & other hardware blocks of Processor
Processor design in VHDL / Verilog having ALU, Registors, TCU, Buses …
Product = SBC + Software + Housing/Mechanicals
Silicon with Processor & peripherals like GPIO, UART, I2C, SPI, USB,
Ethernet …
SOM = SOC+ RAM + Flash + PMIC, SBC = Board with SOM & interfacing
devices like LCD, Connectors, Sensors & Communication modules

7. SOC Vendors Platforms
TI AM335x, AM437x, AM572x
NXP imx6ULL, imx6(S/D/Q), imx8
Microchip SAML1x, SAMA5D2x
ST Microelectronics STM32MP15x
Renesas RZ/A1x, RZ/G1x, RZ/G2x
Rockchip RK3036, RK3288, RK3399
Qualcomm Snapdragon 200, 400, 800
Mediatek MT8312, MT8135, MT8176
Amlogic S805, S812, S912
Allwinner A2x, A3x, A6x
ARM SOC’s & Vendors

8. eLinux SBC

9. eLinux SBC

10. eLinux SBC

11. eLinux SBC

12. Toolchain
Components of Toolchain
Bins
Compiler
Assembler
Linker
Format Convertor
Libs
C Library
pTherad Lib
Other …
Tools
Debugging tools
Steps to Install Toolchain for RuggedBOARD link …

13. Bootloader
Boot Process
ON PC:
Power On-> BIOS ( POST, Bootstraploader) -> MBR -> Bootloader -> Kernel -> RFS
ON RuggedBOARD:
1. Power On SBC
2. SOC BootROM Code will exec
3. BootCFG Pins will define the bootdevice ( NAND, NOR, SDCARD ..... )
4. From Bootdevice first piece of code (PBL) loaded in SRAM and executed
5. PBL responsible for External RAM Init and loads the BL to External RAM and execute.
6. BL will load the kernel and executes
7. Kernel boots and mounts the RootFS and finally executes the init binary
8. Init will follow init rc scripts to start services and applications

14. U-boot Source
Browse Source: https://github.com/rugged-board/uboot-rba5d2x
Compiling U-Boot for RuggedBOARD
#Set the toolchain path first
$ . env_setup.sh
# Download uboot Source
$ git clone https://github.com/rugged-board/uboot-rba5d2x.git
$ cd uboot-rba5d2x
$ git checkout origin/uboot-rba5d2x
# Compile u-boot bootloader
make
# Configure u-boot bootloader for RB-A5D2x
$ make rugged_board_a5d2x_mmc1_defconfig # For SD Card
Or
$ make rugged_board_a5d2x_qspiflash_defconfig # For NOR Boot

15. Linux Kernel
Source: https://github.com/rugged-board/linux-rba5d2x
Linux Kernel Dir Structure:
linux/
arch/arm/
plat-<soc_family>
mach-<soc_family> --> sama5.c
kernel
boot/dts
tools --> mach-types
configs ==> <boardname_defconfig>
drivers/
gpio, usb, spi, i2c, mtd, mmc, net ....
Documentation/
kernel-parameters.txt

16. #Set the toolchain path first
$ . env_setup.sh
Kernel Source
#Linux Kernel Images = vmlinux, Image, zImage, uImage
# Configure kernel for RB-A5D2x
$ make dtbs
$ make
# Download Kernel Source from RB github
$ git clone https://github.com/rugged-board/linux-rba5d2x.git
$ cd linux-rba5d2x
$ git checkout origin/linux-rba5d2x
# Configure kernel for RB-A5D2x
$ make rb_a5d2x_defconfig
COMPILING kernel for RuggedBOARD:

17. Root Filesystem
Components of RFS are:
1. Unix Dir Structure
2. Device Nodes
3. Scripts
4. Binaries
5. Libraries
6. Config / data files

18. Build System Functions
Linux Build Systems
BuildSystemsList
Crosstool-ng
Scratchbox
OpenWRT
PTXdist
LTIB
Buildroot
Open Embedded
Yocto Project
Fetch Source
Extract
Patch
Configure
Compile
Package
Image Generation

19. COMPILING Yocto for RuggedBOARD:
Yocto Compilation
#Download source
$ mkdir yocto_rba5d2x
$ cd yocto_rba5d2x
$ mkdir sources
$ cd sources
$ git clone https://github.com/rugged-board/poky.git -b sumo-rba5d2x
$ git clone git://git.openembedded.org/meta-openembedded -b sumo
$ git clone https://github.com/rugged-board/meta-rba5d2x.git -b sumo-rba5d2x
#Continue next slide ……
#Install host packages
$ sudo apt-get install gawk wget git-core diffstat unzip texinfo gcc-multilib
build-essential chrpath socat libsdl1.2-dev xterm

20. #Configure for RuggedBOARD-A5D2x
$ source sources/poky/oe-init-build-env
$ vi conf/local.conf
# Edit MACHINE ?= "rugged-board-a5d2x-sd1“
Yocto Compilation
#Compile
$ bitbake rb-sd-core-image-minimal # For SD Card Images
Or
$ bitbake rb-nor-core-image-minimal # For NOR Flash Images
#Images for SD Card
$ cd tmp/deploy/images/rugged-board-a5d2x-sd1/
#Follow Boot from SD Card Tutorial..
#Images for NOR
$ cd tmp/deploy/images/rugged-board-a5d2x/
#Follow NOR Flashing Tutorial..

21. eLinux Interface Programming
import mraa
import time
gpio_1 = mraa.Gpio(61)
gpio_1.dir(mraa.DIR_OUT)
while True:
gpio_1.write(1)
time.sleep(1)
gpio_1.write(0)
time.sleep(1)
Sensor Programming using UPM Library on Linux
Embedded Interface Programming using MRAA
Library on Linux
from upm import pyupm_mcp9808 as MCP9808
# Instantiate the Infrared-Thermopile Sensor on I2C on bus 1
mySensor = MCP9808.MCP9808(2,0x18)
print("Temperature : "+str(mySensor.getTemp()))

22. Linux Internals
1. Linux Shell commands
2. Linux Shell Scripting
3. Process ( fork, exec, clone )
4. Threads
5. IPC ( Inter Process Communication)
Pipe, FiFO, MsgQ, SharedMemory, Semaphores , Socket
6. Socket Programming
7. Concepts ( Scheduler, Memory Mgmt, FileSystem )

23. Demo

24. RuggedBOARD
Industrial Grade Hardware for IIoT
https://Community.ruggedboard.com

25. Boot Process
Flash Memory
Main Memory / DDR
SRAM in SOC
AT91 Bootstrap
U-Boot
Kernel
Mounts on
/
Kernel
U-Boot
AT91 Bootstrap
Device Tree Bin(DTB)Device Tree Bin(DTB)
Root FS

26. Next Sessions
1. U-Boot Porting using RuggedBOARD-A5D2x
2. Linux Kernel Porting using RuggedBOARD-A5D2x
a. Source Code walkthrough & Code flow
b. Kconfig Kernel Configuration System
c. Adding Custom driver
3. Yocto BSP using RuggedBOARD-A5D2x
4. How to design your own Single Board Computer using phyCORE-A5D2x. [HW Design]
5. Building Gateway Hardware and Open Source Linux Stacks for Gateway. [HW Design]
To get update’s follow RuggedBOARD on LinkedIn, Youtube, Twitter, Facebook &
Instagram links are on next slide …

27. Connect-us

28. Open Discussions

29. B Vasu Dev
ABOUT Vasu
Vasu has 15+ Years of industry experience in Embedded Technologies mainly on ARM & Linux, he
has worked at major MNC’s like LG, Wipro, MIC Electronics and is currently heading PHYTEC INDA,
a subsidiary of PHYTEC Messtechnik GmbH GERMANY as Managing Director. PHYTEC serves as
OEM for many electronic and embedded companies to develop and deploy their products at the
lowest possible time with high reliability and quality using ARM based SOMs (System On Modules )
& SBCs (Single Board Computers). The industry verticals he was engaged are Industrial
Automation, Mobility & Energy, Medical/Healthcare, Retail market.
Apart from his technical work, he is an active coach & guide for Embedded developers and actively
spend his time to train the developers on Embedded Linux, Yocto, IoT, Android System
Development. He is the master mind behind RuggedBOARD Open Source Hardware Platform. Vasu
as a mentor helped many start-ups to build their products and position them in market.
Managing Director
PHYTEC Embedded Pvt Ltd
vasu.b@phytec.in
+91-9535504414
Presenter Profile