In this part discuss, 'brief overview on coronavirus'... This part give brief introduction of coronaviruses, their origin, and CFR. Do like and Share...

1. KNOW ABOUT YOUR DRUGS
COVID-19 SERIES
(Part - 2)
PRESENTED BY
SANI SINGH
M. PHARM (PHARMACEUTICS)
Brief Overview On Corona
Virus

2. COVID-19 : OVERVIEW
 What is know about the novel coronavirus
 Where they come from and how it spreads
 How it compare to disease caused by other coronaviruses
 How we measure severity of disease

3. Coronavirus
 Corona virus identified
in mid 1960s in humans.
 A large family of
viruses.
 Crown-like spikes.
 Cause a wide range of
illness in humans from
common cold to severe
disease.
Image of SARS-CoV-2 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIH, via Flickr .

4. How Do New Coronaviruses Appear
 A novel, or new, coronavirus is
called nCoV. Some types of
viruses are common in humans
and others are common in
animals.
 Rarely people get infected with
a new type from an animal,
which can then spread.
 Some previous examples of
this kind of spread are SARS
from Civet Cats and MERS from
dromedary Camels, both of
which caused severe disease. Image from Wikimedia licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
Unported

5. Where Did New Coronavirus Come From
 First case of COVID-19
reported in Wuhan, Hubei
Province, China in December
2019.
 In COVID-19, COVID means
Corona Virus Disease and 19
indicated year of appearance
of virus (December 2019).
 Many early cases were
associated with the Huanan
Seafood Wholesale Market in
Wuhan.
 It is not yet clear which
animal the new coronavirus is
associated .
Image from Wikipedia

6. Symptoms of Coronavirus Infection
 Coronavirus are respiratory
viruses, replicating in the
airways and severe effect on
lung.
 Symptoms of the infection
can be mild (common cold)
and severe as seen in -
Image from National Center for Biotechnology Information
• Middle East Respiratory
Syndrome (MERS)
• Severe Acute Respiratory
Syndrome (SARS)

7. Symptoms In COVID-19
 Common symptoms are fever,
cough and shortness of
breathing. But some people
don’t show symptoms.
 Around 1 in 6 people become
seriously ill (many factors
responsible like age, pre-
exiting disease condition etc.)
and difficulty in breathing.
 Symptoms may appear 2-14
days after exposure and
average incubation period
about 5 days.
Image from CDC

8. Measure Severity of Disease
 Case Fatality Ratio (CFR) is a measure of cases who die from that
condition, which indicates the severity of the condition.
• For MERS : 37%
• For SARS : 10%
• For COVID-19 : around 2%
the number of cause-specific deaths among the cases the
number of cases of disease
CFR =
Ref: https://www.cdc.gov/csels/dsepd/ss1978/lesson3/section3.html https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30183-5/fulltext

9. How do Respiratory Viruses Spread
Image: A sneeze in progress. Centers for Disease Control 2009 James Gathany
 Respiratory viruses are
viruses that infect and
replicate in the airways.
They are transmitted via :
• Droplets (larger particles
›5 μm , travel under 1 m)
• Aerosols (smaller particles
‹5 μm, travel over 1 m)
• Contact (e.g. objects that
have been infected with
droplets and then touching
eyes, nose and/or mouth).

10. How does the Virus causing COVID-19 Spread
 The main way that the virus causing COVID-19 is thought to spread
is via droplets and aerosol spread directly e.g. when a person
coughs and sneezing , or via contact with objects that have been
infected with droplets and then touching eyes, nose and/or mouth.

11. Prevention
 Wash hands
 Maintain distance
 Avoid touching hands or
mouth, nose, eyes
 Stay up to date and follow
advice of healthcare, national
or local authorities and
employers.
Image from WHO

12. STAY SAFE
STAY HOME