This ppt provide the basic concept of understanding in Artificial Intelligence. It aims to get familiar with the basic concept in A.I.

1. JIT BarabankiMr Satyendra Mohan Srivastava

2. 6/10/2017 Mr Satyendra Mohan Srivastava, JIT Barabanki 2
Introduction
Intelligence :
 Intelligence is the ability to acquire, understood and apply knowledge.
 Intelligence is the ability to adapt new situation.
 Intelligence is the ability to learn and solve problems

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Artificial Intelligence
 In 1956, the term AI was coined by John McCarthy.
 The various definition proposed by the various research scholars are:
 “Artificial Intelligence is the branch of computer science dealing with symbolic
and non-algorithmic methods of problem solving.” ---- Bruce & Edward
 “Artificial Intelligence is the study of how to make computers do things at
which at the moment, people are better.” ---- Elaine Rich
 “Artificial Intelligence is the branch of computer science that deals with the
way of representing knowledge using symbols rather than numbers and with
the rules of thumb, or heuristic method for processing information”
---- Bruce G Buchanan

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Goal of AI
 To develop the machine that acts as an intelligent machine
 To develop the machine that is useful in real world scenario

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D/F b/w Intelligence and A.I.
Intelligence Artificial Intelligence
It is natural in human being. It is programmed by human being.
Increase with the experiences Increase with the human experiences
It may or may not be hereditary Nothing called hereditary in A.I.
No external electricity is required External electricity is required
Knowledge is required for intelligence Knowledge is required for output
It is increased by the teaching mechanism It may be increased by other mechanism
May or may not creative Non creative
May or may not Consistent Non-Consistent
May or may not Multitasking Non Multitasking

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Major drawbacks in A.I.
 Limited Ability
 Can’t Handle Emergency Situation
 Slow Real Time Response
 Difficult code
 High Cost

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Why computer’s in A.I.
The computer are mainly required for the numerical computation in the real world
scenario. Following are the few major advantages of computers over human being:
1) Numerical and Analytical Computation
2) Repetitive Operations
3) Information Storage

8. 6/10/2017 Mr Satyendra Mohan Srivastava, JIT Barabanki 8
D/f b/w conventional &
A.I. program
A.I. program Conventional program
A.I. program is symbolic in processing Conventional program is numeric in
processing
Heuristic search Algorithmic search
Larger knowledge base is required Large database is required
Frequent modification approach is
required
Rare modification is required

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Application area of A.I.
 Game playing
 Speech recognition
 The process
 A thread is also known as light weight process
 A thread can be define as primary unit of CPU utilization

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D/f b/w weak & strong A.I.
Strong A.I. Weak A.I.
Machine may or not posses human
like thought processes
Machine can not posses human like
thought processing, capabilities
It claims, the existence of intelligence,
mind and understanding in the
machine
Machine may act intelligently in some
specific situation.

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Components of A.I.
 A.I. Hardware
 A.I. Software
 Knowledge Representation
 Heuristic Search

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Intelligent Agent
 A.I. agent is one of the software entity which senses the
environment and carries out operations for users or on
behalf of user’s goals or desires.
 An intelligent agent can interacts with the environment
with the help of sensor and effectors.
Environment
Sensors
Effectors
Actions
Percepts
Fig: Intelligent agent

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Intelligent Agent
Percepts : The term percepts is the agent’s perceptual inputs at any given
instant of period. The major behaviors or characteristics of agent can be
described by the agent function that maps any percept sequence to an
action.
The major task of AI is to design an effective and efficient program that
implements the agent function mapping from percepts to action. The
architecture of such program comprises physical sensors and actuators on
the computing device.
The relationship between agent, program and architecture is shown below:
Agent = Program + Architecture

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Type of Agent Program
Following are major four type of intelligent systems are:
 Simplex reflex agents
 Model based reflex agents
 Goal based agent
 Utility based agents

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Simplex Reflex Agents
Agent
Sensors
What the world is
like now
What action I should
do now
Actuators
Agent
Condition-action rules
E
N
V
I
O
R
N
M
E
N
T

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Model Based Reflex Agents
Agent
Sensors
What the world is
like now
What action I should
do now
ActuatorsAgent
Condition-action rules
E
N
V
I
O
R
N
M
E
N
T
State
How the world
evolves
What my actions do

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Goal Based Agent
Agent
Sensors
What the world is like now
What action I should do now
ActuatorsAgent
Goals
E
N
V
I
O
R
N
M
E
N
T
State
How the world evolves
What my actions do
What it will be like if I do action A

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Utility Based Agents
Agent
Sensors
What the world is like now
What action I should do now
ActuatorsAgent
Goals
E
N
V
I
O
R
N
M
E
N
T
State
How the world evolves
What my actions do What it will be like if i do action A
How happy I will be in such a state

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Learning Agents
Agent
Performance standard
Sensors
Effectors
AGENT
E
N
V
I
O
R
N
M
E
N
T
Critics
Learning
element
Agent
feedback
Learning goals
Problem
Generator
Performance
element
Changes
Knowledge
Experiments
Actions
Percepts

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Computer Vision
 Computer vision is one of the interdisciplinary field that
deals with the understanding of the machine or
computer through digital images or videos.
 Computer vision mainly deals with the automatic
analysis, extraction and understanding of information
from images.
 The image can be a single image or a sequence of
images.

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Computer Vision Hierarchy
 Low Level Vision
 Intermediate Level Vision
 High Level Vision

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 Image Acquisition
 Image Analysis
 Image Processing
 Image Understanding
Computer Vision Activities

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 A.I. Hardware
 A.I. Software
 Knowledge Representation
 Heuristic Search
Natural Language Processing (NLP)

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Component / Element of NLP
 Phonological
 Morphological
 Syntactic
 Semantic
 Pragmatic
 Word

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