Gastric Cancer: Сlinical Implementation of Artificial Intelligence, Synergeti...
2015: Wounds in the Geriatric Population-Salas
1. WOUNDS IN THE
GERIATRIC POPULATION
Adriana Salas, MSN, RN, CNS, ANP-BC
Ingrid Kruse, DPM
VA San Diego Healthcare
San Diego, CA
1
2. Outline
WHY WOUNDS ARE IMPORTANT
RISK FACTORS
ASSESSMENT
STANDARD WOUND MANAGEMENT
REASSESSMENT
ADVANCED WOUND CARE
2
3. Wounds are Common
ANY ULCER 12% of the population >65yrs 1
VENOUS STASIS ULCERS 1% of US
population 2
PRESSURE ULCER 0.4 – 38%
70% of pressure ulcers occur in the elderly 3,4,5
3
1. U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical abstract of the United States. 2012. http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2012/tables/12s0009.pdf. Accessed 9/15/14.
2. Gillespie DL. Venus ulcer diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of recurrences. J Vasc Surg. 2010: 52:8S-14.
3. Cuddigan J, Berlowitz DR, Ayello EA. Pressure ulcers in America: prevalence, incidence, and implications for the future. Reston VA: National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel; 2001.
4. https://www.soa.org/news-and-publications/newsroom/press-releases/society-of-actuaries/default.aspx
5. National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel and European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel. Prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers: clinical practice guideline. Washington,DC: National
Pressure Advisory Panel; 2009.
4. Wounds are Expensive
Foot infections are the most common reason for
hospitalization in Diabetics
PRESSURE ULCER COST
$43,180 - $151,500 per hospital stay
$9.2 -$15.6 billion total U.S. cost 1,5
LEGAL COST
2nd leading cause for litigation in long term care4
Medicare and Medicaid services stopped reimbursing acute
care facilities for treatment of pressure ulcers in 2008
4
Diabetes Care 1998;21:2161-2177 and JAPMA 98:166,2008
8. Venous Stasis Ulcers
TREATMENT
Compression & Elevation
Perforator Ligation
Phlebectomy
Stripping
Sclerotherapy
Laser Therapy
8
1. Falanga, V., Fujitani, R. M., Diaz, C., et al (1999), Systemic treatment of venous leg ulcers with high doses of pentoxifylline: efficacy in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Wound
Repair and Regeneration, 7: 208–213. doi: 10.1046/j.1524-475X.1999.00208.x
2. Image: http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ye1j4BSJ5VA/Ud9-93LC0qI/AAAAAAAABx8/IBDXEDmjhHA/s1600/Chronic+Ulcers+2.jpg
27. Reassessment
MEASUREMENTS:
– Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH) tool 1
– Bates-Jensen Wound Assessment Tool (BWAT) 2
PICTURES: Obtain consent per facility
protocol
FREQUENCY: Daily until a working dressing
change is established, then at least weekly
27
www.npuap.org Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH) PUSH Tool 3.0
http://www.geronet.med.ucla.edu/centers/borun/modules/Pressure_ulcer_prevention/puBWAT.pdf
40. Bioengineered Skin Substitutes
Products with living cells as functional skin
equivalents
Recruitment of stem cells
Production of growth factors
Stimulation of angiogenesis
Re-epithelialization: Substrate for keratinocyte migration
Modification of inflammatory processes: Recruitment of neutrophils,
prevention of biofilms
Mansbridge J. J Biomater Sci Polymer Edn 2008;19:955-968.40
41. Apligraf®
Organogenesis
Living bi-layered dermal-epidermal skin substitute
Dermal layer: fibroblasts in bovine type I collagen
Epidermal layer: keratinocytes
Cells from human neonatal foreskin tissue
FDA-approved for venous leg ulcers, diabetic ulcers
Shipped overnight, viable for 2-3 days
41
42. Dermagraft®
Shire
Bioengineered Dermal substitute
Fibroblasts seeded on a bio-absorbable mesh
Cells derived from human neonatal foreskin
tissue
FDA-approved for diabetic ulcers
Preserved at -70°C with 6-month shelf-life
42
49. Surgical Debridement
• In case of an abscess, incision and drainage
is ESSENTIAL with debridement of all
abscessed tissue.
Consensus Development Conference on Diabetic Foot
Care, 1999,Boston,MASS
Diabetes Care, 1999:22:1354-60 49
61. Summary
1.Diagnose and correct reversible risk factors
2.Manage wound bed
3.Assess healing after 4 weeks of standard
wound care
4.If healing<50% consider Advanced Wound
Therapies
61