Women played a significant role during WWII by working in factories producing munitions and other war materials, taking jobs formerly held by men who went off to fight, as depicted by the iconic "Rosie the Riveter" image. Women also served directly in the war effort through non-traditional roles like pilots and various military support functions. Their entry into the workforce during the war changed perceptions of women's abilities and paved the way for greater participation in the post-war economy.