1. Cell Activity Videos
Additional Videos
1) Plant Cells
Meiosis
2) Mitosis Mitosis 2
3) Phagocytosis Mitosis 3
4) Listeria Exocytosis 2
5) Neutrophil Exocytosis 3
6) Exocytosis Bacteria 2
7) Bacteria
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 2 : Slide 1 Optional

2. Where are proteins in our bodies?
Testing for Protein
Where are proteins in chicken parts?
Part being tested Prediction – Is protein Result – Is protein present?
present?
Mixing solution without any
chicken
skin
liver
muscle
fat
bone
feather
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 2 : Slide 1

3. Special Skin Cells Make Melanin
body tissue
epidermis
melanocytes
epidermis
cells
Melanosomes- organelles
containing melanin found in
melanocytes and other skin cells.
Other skin cells
How is melanin made inside the melanocytes?
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 3 : Slide 2

4. Melanocyte
Melanin
(black
dots)
taken up
by skin
cells
called
keratino
cytes
“Octopus
” like
arms of
Melanocyte
cell
Other skin cells
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 3 : Slide 3

5. Looking inside a melanosome
Large protein molecule called Tyrosinase. It
is special type of protein that assists
Other skin cells chemical reactions in the body.
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 3 : Slide 4

6. Looking inside a melanosome
Tyrosine- small
molecule. Building
block needed to
Oxygen
build melanin.
OO
First step in making melanin:
Reaction between two molecules, one
Other skin cells tyrosine and one O2 to make a new
molecule (called DOPA)
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 3 : Slide 5

7. How can a large protein
molecule like the
Tyrosinase help to start
the chemical reactions OO
that form melanin?
Oxygen
Tyrosine
•
Other skin cells
Tyrosinase
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 3 : Slide 6

8. Tyrosinase helps to position the molecules so that
they can react.
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 3 : Slide 7

9. Learning Set 2 : Lesson 3 : Slide 8
Tyrosinase
(protein)
O
•
nuc
New Molecule
Skin cell
Other skin cells
Other proteins help turn the new
molecule (called DOPA) into melanin.

10. What happened to Sammy
Sosa?
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 3 : Slide 9

11. Ponds Skin Lightening
Cream
What is the message of this ad?
www.advertolog.com/ponds-5419455/print-outdoor/swan-7423605/
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 3 : Slide 10

12. Lactose intolerance
• Cannot break down lactose, a sugar found in
dairy products
• Instead, bacteria in the intestine break down the
lactose, producing gas
• Most children can break down lactose
• Most adults in the world cannot break down
lactose - making them lactose intolerant
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 4 : Slide 11

13. Cells in Small Intestine
Lactose
Break Down Lactose
from diet
Lactose
brought
into
intestine
cells
intestine cells
small Lactose
intestine broken
down
How is lactose broken down in intestine cells?
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 4 : Slide 12

14. Looking inside small intestine cells
lactose
galactose glucose
Small intestine cells
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 4 : Slide 13

15. Looking inside small intestine cells
How does the shape
of the large protein lactase
molecule Lactase lactose
help the chemical
reaction that forms
glucose from
lactose?
Small intestine cells
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 4 : Slide 14

16. Looking inside small intestine cells
lactase glucose
galactose
Small intestine cells
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 4 : Slide 15

17. inventorspot.com
www.pcrm.org/newsletter/jun05/milk_ad
Lactose intolerance? .html
Is it really an illness or are we victims of false
advertising? Learning Set 2 : Lesson 4 : Slide 16

18. Protein Models
Cartoon Model Space-filling Model Backbone Model
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 6 : Slide 17

19. PROTEIN STRUCTURE
A protein
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 6 : Slide 18

20. PROTEIN STRUCTURE
Amino Acid Chain
When amino acids
form a long chain, the
chain folds and makes
a protein. The amino
acids cause the
protein to twist and
bend, as shown on
the left.
Chain of amino acids
folded into a protein.
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 6 : Slide 19

21. ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS
Circle that portion of each molecule that is the same in every molecule.
Adapted from Carolina Supply Company
Learning Set 2 : Optional Lesson: Slide 20

22. BASIC STRUCTURE OF AN AMINO ACID
Basic structure of an amino acid
Learning Set 2 : Optional Lesson: Slide 21

23. AMINO ACID STRUCTURE
ALANINE
Learning Set 2: Optional Lesson: Slide

24. Chemical Structure: Chains and Rings
Tryptophan
Learning Set 2: Optional Lesson: Slide 23

25. ASSEMBLY OF AMINO ACIDS
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 7 : Slide 24

26. Protein Models…again
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 7 : Slide 25

27. Key to Toobers
Red = positive charge (+)
K, R, H
Yellow = negative charge (-)
D, E
Green = hydrophobic
A, V, L, I, P, M, F, W
Blue = hydrophilic
G, S, T, N, Q, Y
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 7 : Slide 26

28. Toober Model (Step 1)
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 7 : Slide 27

29. Lactase Amino Acid Sequence
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 7 : Slide 28

30. Preparing a Gel
Holes for samples
to be tested
gel
Image from powerful microscope
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 8 : Slide 29

31. Put Protein Sample in Holes
Pipet with
solution of
proteins
Lots of different
sized proteins
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 8 : Slide 30

32. Samples We Want to Test
lactase
tyrosinase
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 8 : Slide 31

33. Adding Electricity to the Electrodes
Negatively charged
proteins move
towards positive
electrode
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 8 : Slide 32

34. Proteins Move Based on Size
lactase
tyrosinase
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 8 : Slide 33

35. Record Data with a Picture
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 8 : Slide 34

36. Lactase Sample for 3 Different People
Lactose intolerance:
1) No
2) ???
3) ???
Should person 2 drink
milk? Person 3? Explain
your reasoning.
Learning Set 2 : Lesson 8 : Slide 35