2. WHAT YOU MEAN BY SITE INVESTIGATION:
• Site investigation is carried out in order to determine the engineering properties of soil
and rock and how they will interact with a planned development.
• The purpose of site investigation is to establish parameters for foundation, substructure
and infrastructure design and to assess the potential geotechnical, geoenvironmental,
geological and hydrological risk to humans, property and the environment.
3. • The design and scope for each investigation will depend upon site-specific
circumstances such as the anticipated geology, previous use of the site and the
construction proposals.
• There are a variety of techniques and procedures that may be used, and each
consultant may adopt a different approach for any particular project
4. SITE INVESTIGATION IN DIFFERENT PHASES:
• Phase 1 — desk study and reconnaissance survey.
• Phase 2 — intrusive investigation, sampling, analysis and report.
• Phase 3 — design of remediation strategy (if required).
• Phase 4 — validation and monitoring of remediation during the
construction works.
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7. WHAT IS A GEOTECHNICAL SITE REPORT:
• Upon completion of the geotechnical investigation and analysis, the information
must be compiled in a standard report format.
• The report serves as the permanent record of all geotechnical data known to be
pertinent to the project and is referred to throughout the design, construction.
• The intent of the Geotechnical Report is to present the data collected in a clear
manner, to draw conclusions from the data.
8. OBJECTIVES OF SITE INVESTIGATIONWORK:
• To access the general suitability of the site.
• To achieve safe and economical design of foundations and temporary works.
• To know the nature of each stratum and engineering properties of the soil and rock, which may affect
the design and mode of construction of proposed structure and foundation.
• To foresee and provide against difficulties that may arise during construction due to ground and other
local conditions.
• To find out the sources of construction material and selection of sites for disposal of water or surplus
material.
• To investigate the occurrence or causes of all natural and man made changes in conditions and the
results arising from such changes.
• To ensure the safety of surrounding existing structures.
• To locate the ground water level and possible corrosive effect of soil and water on foundation material.
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10.
11. • 1. TITLE PAGE:
• The title page should include the formal name of the project, the project identification
number, the county, the date the report was finalized, and the names with titles of
report preparers and their signatures.
• 2. TABLE OF CONTENTS:
• The table of contents should list the report sections and subsections, followed by
appendices.
• 4. INTRODUCTION:
• This section introduces the scope of work as it relates to the general project description.
• 5. PROJECT DESCRIPTION:
• This section describes the elements of the project and the geotechnical related items.
Provide a list of project information that was received during the course of the
investigation (alignment, foundation layout, 30%plans, scour estimate, etc.). The details
should include the various grading requirements and structure needs. Project
constraints should be identified.
12. • 6. GEOLOGIC CONDITIONS AND SEISMICITY:
• This section describes the known and published geology of the site and vicinity, as well as
the regional and local seismicity. Provide a description of significant geologic and
topographic features of the site . The general thicknesses (and contact elevations) of the
principal geologic units should be described based on available information. Describe
both natural and man-made features that are of construction importance or need to be
protected.
• 7. FIELD INVESTIGATIONS:
• This section presents an overview of the exploration program. Information presented
here should include geologic reconnaissance work, the method of subsurface
explorations, in situ testing, and instrumentation.
• 8. LABORATORY ANALYSES:
• List the types of tests performed and summarize the results, leaving the details in the
appendix. Briefly describe key findings from the laboratory tests.
13. • 9. DISCUSSION:
• The subsurface conditions should be described along the route of the project. This might
require splitting the discussion into sections along the alignment. Describe the engineering
characteristics and anticipated behavior of each soil and rock unit. Describe any precedent
information such as past slope performance or instabilities and ground settlement evidence.
The groundwater regimes throughout the project should be described.
• 10. RECOMMENDATION:
• Lateral capacity
• Vertical (axial) capacity
• Seismic criteria and design parameters
• Minimum pile length or tip elevation (related to axial capacity)
• Minimum pile spacing
• Estimated pile settlement or pile group settlement
• Effects of scour, down drag, and lateral squeeze, if applicable.
• Pile cap depths or elevations
14. • 12. REFERENCES:
• Cite the references used in the geotechnical evaluations and analyses.
• 13. FIGURES:
• Figures are typically presented in Appendix A. The main figures should include:
• Topographic site plan, usually with a vicinity map.
• Boring location map.
• Geologic mapping.
• Supporting photographs of site conditions.
• Geologic cross-sections and typical sections along the alignment, if approved by the Principal
Geotechnical Engineer.
• Recommended design details.