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Forestree Futures
1. Robert Nasi, CIFOR & Tony Simons, ICRAF
7 May 2019, SEI, KSLA, SIDA, Stockholm
Forestree Futures
2. Forestree Futures
1. Why Forests and Trees?
2. Global and National Tree/Forest Cover
3. Deforestation
4. CIFOR-ICRAF Merger
5. Innovative Finance
6. Impact Examples of CIFOR-ICRAF work
10. Why trees in landscapes?
Nothing is better than a tree at:
Changing microclimate
Fixing Nitrogen from the air
Bringing up water from depth
Sequestering carbon from the atmosphere
Providing framework for biodiversity to flourish
Adding oxygen to the biosphere
Diversifying farming enterprises
75% of on-farm biomass is associated with trees
12. 2. Global and National Forest/Tree Cover
Imagine we had evidence
to support the claim that
40% forest/tree cover
globally was optimal in
terms of benefits and
tradeoffs.
One Country = World
No tree cover
Tree cover
Scenario 1
13. Scenario 2
Country CCountry A Country B
Country
Tree
cover
area
(%)
A 40%
B 40%
C 40%
Global 40%
ParaguayLiberia Slovak Rep.
14. Scenario 3
Country C
Country A
Country B
Country
Tree
cover
area
(%)
A 0%
B 60%
C 60%
Global 40%
Nauru
Rep of KoreaBrazil
15. Scenario 4
Country C
Country A
Country B
Country
Tree
cover
area
(%)
A 0%
B 0%
C 100%
Global 40%
Surinam
Egypt
Kazakhstan
16. Scenario 5
Country C
Country A
Country B
Country
Tree
cover
area
(%)
A 0%
B 0%
C 50%
Global 20%
Surinam hypothetical
Egypt
Kazakhstan
17. Natural
Forest
4.1 billion ha
Crop
Land
1.5 billion ha
Tree
Plantations
0.3 billion ha
Pasture &
Rangelands
3.4 billion ha
Wetlands
1.3 billion ha
Deserts
1.9 billion ha
Natural
Forest
4.1 billion ha
Crop
Land
1.5 billion ha
Pasture &
Rangelands
3.4 billion ha
Wetlands
1.3 billion ha
Deserts
1.9 billion ha
Global Land Use
Urban Areas
20. 69% of carbon loss due to degradation, 31% to forest cover loss
Asia had highest loss per hectare (25 t C per ha)
Thus forest quality is as important as forest quantity, but often neglected
21. The real price of carbon
Carbon is the most variable commodity there is.
The same element has a huge range in price.
Firewood Carbon =$60 per tonne Diamond Carbon =$100 billion per tonne
Atmospheric Carbon
= $2-5 per tonne
24. One barrel = 159 litres volume
Specific gravity = 0.85
Carbon content = 83% to 87%
Carbon and Oil
Mr Putin, Saudi Princes and BP – have we got a deal for you.
If you agree to lock up your oil in a warehouse for 100 years, we will pay you a
staggering 84 cents per barrel.
Well there might be some monitoring and verification costs also but we will keep them small
One barrel contains = 160 * 0.85 * 85%
= 115kg of carbon
115 kg carbon = 422 kg CO2
= US$0.84 per barrel
32. CIFOR ICRAF
1 2
Better Institutional Viability
Continued Delivery of Results
Higher Impact, Credibility
More Value for Money
Greater Recognition
Bigger Scale
Less Competition
Better Institutional Viability
Continued Delivery of Results
Higher Impact, Credibility
More Value for Money
Greater Recognition
Bigger Scale
Less Competition
4. CIFOR-ICRAF Institutional Merger
Our exercise was not about an Institutional Merger per se
but rather about Institutional Engagement
Had a common starting point of challenges and diagnoses
33. 1. Net amount of ODA being spent in developing countries is declining
2. Channeling of more Research ODA direct to national partners
3. Lower attention to Integrated Resource Management in allocations
4. Dwindling support to global research
5. Not tapping non-research funds well as co-investment in research
6. Inadequate priority given to agriculture and forestry (ODA, Global Agric Index = 0.21)
7. Historical institutional cost structures considered expensive
8. Time-bound nature of some privileges, benefits and immunities
9. Harder to cover full indirect costs, or to replenish reserves
10. Increased competition
11. Greater compliance and due diligence demands
12. Sub-optimal linkages with private sector and private investors
13. CIFOR-ICRAF agendas often deprioritized by those focused on annual crop productivity
14. W1W2 CGIAR funds are still more precarious
15. Staff are becoming more and more disenchanted, and harder to retain
Challenges in our World
37. 3 % GDP
OECD Target
9/34 countries
2 % GDP
EU Target
10/28 countries
1% GDP
AU Target
0/55 countries
International Spend on Research
(size bubble = total $$, x axis = research as % GDP, y axis = number scientists p.m.)
40. https://www.wri.org/publication/creating-sustainable-food-future
1. Reduce growth in demand for
food and other agricultural products
2. Increase food production without
expanding agricultural land
3. Protect and restore natural eco-
systems and limit agricultural land-
shifting
4. Increase fish supply
5. Reduce GHG emissions from
agricultural production
WRI Report, Dec 2018
43. Work of Boards-led Joint Task Force
A. Ascertain if there is a business case to merge (Gov, Fin, Ops, Prog)
B. Held 17 joint meetings (Jan – Nov 2018)
C. Sought legal advice in 5 jurisdictions (Indonesia, Kenya, Neth, UK, US)
D. Discussed with our HQ and host countries
E. Consulted with top 20 donors
F. Consulted other organisations who have aligned/merged (RA/UTZ)
G. Wrote a draft White Paper on new aligned/merged entity
H. Reviewed costs, benefits (self and external adviser)
I. Undertook due diligence reviews of each Centre
44. Ensure
Thriving
CIFOR
Ensure
Thriving
ICRAF
Common Board
Integrated Leadership
Staff Engagement in Merger
New Value Propositions
Shared Policies, Facilities
Operational Synergies
Trigger New Investments
Stronger Together
From 1st January 2019, we have an effective Merger ……
Phase 1:
CIFOR-ICRAF
Merger
(1 Organisation)
(2 legal entities)
45. Ensure
Thriving
CIFOR
Ensure
Thriving
ICRAF
Create
NEW.ORG
Vehicle for Legal Merger
Novel Value Propositions
New Funding Opportunities
New Partnerships, Champions
Greater Enterprise Options
Wider Accountability
Common Board
Integrated Leadership
Staff Engagement Merger
New Value Propositions
Shared Policies, Facilities
Operational Synergies
Trigger Investment
Stronger Together
Phase 2:
CIFOR-ICRAF-NEW.ORG
MERGER
(1 organization,
3 legal entities)
46. Ensure
Thriving
CIFOR
Legacy
Ensure
Thriving
ICRAF
Legacy
Thriving
Single Entity
Better Institutional Viability
Continued Delivery of Results
Higher Impact, Credibility
More Value for Money
Greater Recognition
Bigger Scale
Less Competition
Vehicle for Legal Merger (also with others)
New Funding Opportunities
Novel Value Propositions
New Partnerships, Champions
Greater Enterprise Options
Reduced Transaction Costs
Wider Accountability
Increased Merged Viability
Improved Relevance
Greater Legitimacy
Operational Synergies
Higher Profile
Stronger together
Phase 3:
COMPLETE
MERGER
(1 organization,
1 legal entity)
47. Operating in over 30 countries
Including: Brasil, Cameroon, Costa Rica, Cote d’Ivoire,
Ghana, Indonesia, Kenya, Peru, Vietnam
Over 700 staff with over
450 researchers and technical staff
Over $105 million combined budget, using IFRS
Accounting Standards, PWC Deloitte as auditors
Over 340 refereed articles per year,
560 non-refereed science publications
Prequalified grantee by DFID,EU, GATES, U.N.
Compliant on: AML, GDPR, Safeguards
Our Combined Strength
48. 3. Accelerated Outcomes and Impacts
CIFOR-ICRAF Value Propositions
1. 2.
Solutions – Policy,
Technical, Social
1. Knowledge Products 2. Knowledge Services
55. ++ New products, new services, more investment
Water + Jobs + Health = Green Development
56. Tropical Landscape Finance Facility (US$ 1 billion)
The Tropical Landscapes Finance Facility (“TLFF”) is a partnership between
ADM Capital, ADM Capital Foundation, BNP Paribas, ICRAF and UN
Environment
ADM Capital
BNP Paribas
ADM Capital
Foundation
Asia Debt Management Hong Kong Limited (“ADM Capital”) is a global investment manager. Currently with
USD 2.5 bn assets under management, ADM Capital has been investing in Indonesia since 1998. ADM Capital is one of the
most established players in the private debt space in Asia and manages open and evergreen funds to invest in private credit,
including two funds with the IFC
ADM Capital Foundation (“ADMCF”) was established in 2006 as an impact-driven nonprofit initiative to provide funding and
intellectual capital to help address specific forestry, water, air and marine environmental and social challenges. ADMCF is a
leader in environmental philanthropy in Asia, with a focus on real impact based on solid research
BNP Paribas (“BNPP”) is an international financial institution with a presence in 75 countries and more than 185,000
employees. Being Europe’s second largest bank by assets, it is an established financial institution with a long history in Asia
ICRAF
UN
Environment
The United Nations Environment (“UN Environment”) is the leading global authority that sets the agenda on environmental
issues, promotes the coherent implementation of the environmental dimension of sustainable development within the
United Nations system and serves as an authoritative advocate for the global environment
The International Centre for Research in Agroforestry (“ICRAF”), known as World Agroforestry Centre, is recognized as the
global leader in agroforestry research and development with six regional offices located in Indonesia, India, Kenya, Malawi,
Peru and Cameroon, and conducting research around the developing world
57. TLFF First Tranche Financing February 2018
• USD 95 million, 15-year loan for
sustainable rubber in Indonesia
managed to IFC Performance
Standards and TLFF ESG policy
• The Indonesian company receiving
finance has concession rights over
90,000 ha of land, more than half of
which will be set aside for
conservation and community
livelihoods
• An inaugural bond issue (verified as a
sustainability bond) is financing the
first phase
61. FTA
FTA is the world’s largest
research for development
program focused on the role
of forests, trees and
agroforestry in sustainable
development, food security
and addressing climate
change.
62. Global Landscape Forum Milestones 2018 - 2019
-Global Secretariat in Bonn
-Launch Landscape Academy (4,000+ registered)
-GLF Charter Members (23 organizations)
-GEF 7
-U.N. Decade on Ecosystem Restoration
-UNEP, FAO, UNDP Biennium on Agroecology
-50,000+ Youth in 115 countries
-257 million reach on social media and 250 million+
reach on global media
During its 7th operational phase (GEF-7), the GEF will develop key programs to
help implement the landscape approach, building on the momentum brought
about by international partnerships such as the GLF.
63. May 13 2019, “Climate, Landscapes and Lifestyle –
It’s not too Late” Kyoto, Japan
June 22 - 23, 2019, “Rights in the Landscape”
Bonn, Germany
GLF Bonn Global Conference
September 28, 2019, “Roadmap for Decade of Ecological
Restoration” GLF New York City at the UN Climate Summit
October 31 2019, “Rights to African Landscapes and
Supply Chains” Accra, Ghana
GLF Regional Conference
November 30, 2019, “The 4th GLF Luxembourg Investment Case
Symposium” Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
December 2019 – “Climate in the Landscape: GLF at COP26”
Santiago, Chile
2019 GLF Events
64.
65.
66.
67. Prevailing Logic
• We generate PUBLIC GOODS using PUBLIC FUNDING
• PUBLIC GOODS are mainly PUBLIC OUTPUTS (knowledge, germplasm, analyses)
• We believe we can better link PUBLIC GOODS to PRIVATE INTERESTS (ToC)
• Where PUBLIC GOODS include PUBLIC OUTPUTS/OUTCOMES/IMPACTS
We want to disrupt this logic as:
and
• We want to use PRIVATE INTERESTS to generate PUBLIC GOODS
• Where PUBLIC and PRIVATE GOODS/INTERESTS blend in a business case
68. - Installed 39 weather stations in
cocoa growing region of CDI,
now another 40 in cashew region
- Review data and share with National
Meteorological Service daily
Rainfall (mm)
Air temperature (°C)
Relative humidity (%)
Wind speed and direction
Solar radiation (Mj/m²)
Evapo-transpiraiton (mm)
Soil temperature
71. Portable X-ray Fluorescence (pXRF)
Total multi-element analysis in one measurement
• Plant macro and micro nutrient analysis / soil total elements including heavy metals /
fertilizer nutrient content / manure quality screening (macro & micro nutrients)