Importance of safe recycling of animal and human excreta
1. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
Importance of safe recycling of
animal and human excreta
Björn Vinnerås
Professor Environmental Engineering
2. Pathogens to the environment
Current treatment
— Dilution
— Distance
— Time
Minimise direct contact
— Landfilling
— Wastewater system
Linear system - efficient
3. Effect of linear system
Water excellent solvent
& transporter
Environmental pollution
— Pathogens
— Nutrients
— Debris
Treatment is required
6. Value in resources
Water
— Clean water!
Plant nutrients
— 1kg N
< €1
2kg Urea
>200kg biofertiliser
— 1kg P
< €3
7 kg Super phosphate
> 1,000kg biofertiliser
Other products
— Protein
— Lipids
7. Closing the loop
Collection
Treatment
Reuse
CONTROLLED
COLLECTION
POTENTIAL POLLUTANT
SAFE PROCESS
RESOURCE
IDENTIFICATION
Identify the flows and potential
pollutants
Decrease dilution and source
separation
Look at end user demand
Avoid polluting processSafe process
What material can the user
utilise
USER FOCUS
Quality of source, process and
product
QUALITY ASSURANCE
Utilise the resources not a
disposal action
SAFE USE
8. Closing the loop
Collection
Treatment
Reuse
CONTROLLED
COLLECTION
POTENTIAL POLLUTANT
SAFE PROCESS
RESOURCE
IDENTIFICATION
Identify the flows and potential
pollutants
Decrease dilution and
separate at source
Look at end user demand
Avoid polluting processSafe process
What material can the user
utilise
USER FOCUS
Quality of source, process and
product
QUALITY ASSURANCE
Utilise the resources not a
disposal action
SAFE USE
9. Closing the loop
Collection
Treatment
Reuse
CONTROLLED
COLLECTION
POTENTIAL POLLUTANT
SAFE PROCESS
RESOURCE
IDENTIFICATION
Identify the flows and potential
pollutants
Decrease dilution and source
separation
Look at end user demand
Avoid polluting processSafe process
What material can the user
utilise
USER FOCUS
Quality of source, process and
product
QUALITY ASSURANCE
Utilise the resources not a
disposal action
SAFE USE
10. Closing the loop
Collection
Treatment
Reuse
CONTROLLED
COLLECTION
POTENTIAL POLLUTANT
SAFE PROCESS
RESOURCE
IDENTIFICATION
Identify the flows and potential
pollutants
Decrease dilution and source
separation
Look at end user demand
Avoid polluting process
remove pathogens
Safe process
What material can the user
utilise
USER FOCUS
Quality of source, process and
product
QUALITY ASSURANCE
Utilise the resources not a
disposal action
SAFE USE
11. Closing the loop
Collection
Treatment
Reuse
CONTROLLED
COLLECTION
POTENTIAL POLLUTANT
SAFE PROCESS
RESOURCE
IDENTIFICATION
Identify the flows and potential
pollutants
Decrease dilution and source
separation
Look at end user demand
Avoid polluting process
remove pathogens
Safe process
What material can the user
utilise
USER FOCUS
Quality of source, process and
product
QUALITY ASSURANCE
Utilise the resources not a
disposal action
SAFE USE
12. Closing the loop
Collection
Treatment
Reuse
CONTROLLED
COLLECTION
POTENTIAL POLLUTANT
SAFE PROCESS
RESOURCE
IDENTIFICATION
Identify the flows and potential
pollutants
Decrease dilution and source
separation
Look at end user demand
Avoid polluting process
remove pathogens
Safe process
What material can the user
utilise
USER FOCUS
Quality of source, process and
product
QUALITY ASSURANCE
Utilise the resources not a
disposal action
SAFE USE
13. Closing the loop
Collection
Treatment
Reuse
CONTROLLED
COLLECTION
POTENTIAL POLLUTANT
SAFE PROCESS
RESOURCE
IDENTIFICATION
Identify the flows and potential
pollutants
Decrease dilution and source
separation
Look at end user demand
Avoid polluting process
remove pathogens
Safe process
What material can the user
utilise
USER FOCUS
Quality of source, process and
product
QUALITY ASSURANCE
Utilise the resources not a
disposal action
SAFE USE