Implications of Sustainable Rice Intensification

Implications of THE SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION for Sustainable Agriculture Minnesota Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, October 28, 2002 Norman Uphoff, Cornell International Institute for Food, Agriculture and Development

More tillers and more than 400 grains per panicle

SRI is something quite remarkable and promising ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

SRI IS A METHODOLOGY ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Basic idea of SRI is that RICE PLANTS DO BEST ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

“ Starting Points” for SRI ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

OBSERVABLE BENEFITS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

LESS OR NO NEED FOR: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

ADDITIONAL BENEFITS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

DISADVANTAGES / COSTS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

SRI is COUNTERINTUITIVE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

These are remarkable claims ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

SRI is most actively promoted by Association Tefy Saina ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Initial Experience with SRI ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Spread beyond Madagascar ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

IDEAS FOR SUST. AGRIC. FROM SRI EXPERIENCE ,[object Object]

In the literature, it is generally reported that there is an inverse relationship between ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The literature reflects conventional, suboptimal growing conditions for rice -(a ‘closed system’ view) ,[object Object],[object Object]

Physiology of Rice Roots ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Soil aeration is important for (a) root survival/growth and (b) soil microbial abundance and biodiversity ,[object Object]

Evidence on Root System Development/Degeneration ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Dry Matter Distribution of Roots in SRI and Conventionally-Grown Plants at Heading Stage (CNRRI research: Tao et al. 2002) Root dry weight (g)

Root Activity in SRI and Conventionally-Grown Rice (Nanjing Agr. Univ. research: Wang et al. 2002) (Wuxianggeng 9 variety)

Conventional View of ROOTS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Importance of Structural (Qualitative) Analysis, not just Quantitative View ,[object Object],[object Object]

Tillering in rice is regulated by a structural pattern of growth ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

What speeds up the biological clock? (adapted from Nemoto et al. 1995) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Better growing conditions shorten the phyllochron ,[object Object],[object Object]

This is what made it possible to go from 2 t/ha to 8 t/ha ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Positive benefits are seen from soil aeration during the vegetative growth period

SRI capitalizes on the fact that the uptake of N is a demand-led process

Paths for Increased Grain Yield in Relation to N Uptake, using QUEFTS Analytical Model (Barison, 2002)

Rapid tillering and root growth ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The contributions of soil microbial activity are more important than recognized ,[object Object]

Biological Nitrogen Fixation? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

P SOLUBILIZATION? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

MYCORRHIZAL Contributions? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Benefits from Rhizobia in rice now being explored ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

ROOT EXUDATION ,[object Object],[object Object]

Larger canopies and root systems increase exudation and rhizodeposition ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

SRI Raises More Questions than It Gives ANSWERS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Plant Physical Structure and Light Intensity Distribution at Heading Stage (CNRRI Research: Tao et al. 2002)

Suggested Focuses for Explanation of SRI Effects ,[object Object],[object Object]

THESE FOCUSES SURELY APPLY TO OTHER PLANTS/CROPS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

THANK YOU ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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