this ppt is all about pain management

1. BY SAYAN GHOSH

2.  “The fifth vital signs”
(American Pain Society,2003)
 Pain is the most common reason
clients seek medical advice.
 Pain is a Protective mechanism to
prevent further injury.

3. THE AMERICAN PAIN SOCIETY defines pain as
“an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience
associated with actual or potential tissue
damage”.

4.  Pain subjective and highly individualized.
 Only the patient knows whether pain is
present and how experience feels.

5.  Increased respiratory rate.
 Increased blood glucose level.
 Restlessness.
 Irritability.
 Increased heart rate.

7.  Based on duration pain can be classified
into:-
 Acute pain
 Chronic pain
Acute Pain:-
 when pain lasts only through the expected recovery
period, it is described as acute pain.
 It is of short duration and has limited tissue damage
and emotional response.
 It eventually resolves with or without treatment.

8.  Chronic pain :-
 Chronic pain is the pain that lasts longer than 6
months and is constant or recurring with a mild
to severe intensity.
 It does not have always identifiable cause.
 E.g. arthritic pain , headache etc.
Chronic pain can be divided into:-
 Chronic cancer pain (caused by tumor and
invasive procedure)
 Chronic non cancer pain
 Chronic episodic pain (lasts for hr. days or
weeks. E.g. migraine, headache)

9.  This is based on site at which the pain is
located. E.g. :-
 Headache
 Joint pain
 Cardiac pain
 Stomach pain

11.  Mild pain :-
pain scale reading from 1-3 is called as the
mild pain.
 Moderate pain :-
pain scale reading from 4-6 is considered as the
moderate pain.
 Severe pain :-
pain scale reading from 7-10 is considered as
the severe pain.

12.  verbal rating scale :-
 Womgbaker’s facial scale :-

13.  Developmental factor :-
e.g. age
 Physical factor :-
fatigue , neurological function
 Social factor :-
attention , family and social support
 Psychological factor :-
anxiety

14.  Pharmacological (analgesic)
 Non – pharmacological