Contenu connexe Similaire à Real Estate Entrepreneurship and Social Responsibility (20) Real Estate Entrepreneurship and Social Responsibility18. Government Debts in China
(In$trillion$Yuen)
Year$ Level$of$Government
Central$ 9.4$$$ 50% 2.8$$$$$ 53% 2.2$$$ 36% 14.4$$$ 48%
2012 Subnational 9.6$$$ 50% 2.5$$$$$ 47% 3.8$$$ 64% 15.9$$$ 52%
Total 19.1$ 100% 5.3$$$$$ 100% 5.9$$$ 100% 30.3$$$ 100%
Central$ 9.8$$$ 47% 0.3$$$$$ 9% 2.3$$$ 35% 12.4$$$ 41%
2013 Sunational 10.9$ 53% 2.7$$$$$ 91% 4.3$$$ 65% 17.9$$$ 59%
Total 20.7$ 100% 2.9$$$$$ 100% 6.7$$$ 100% 30.3$$$ 100%
Sources:$China's$National$Audit$office$(2013)
Need$to$repay
Guarantee$
obligations
Rescue$
obligations
Chinese$Government$Debts:$2012$and$2013
Total
20. Who borrowed?
(In$trillion$Yuen)
Type$of$Entity
Joint$Venture 4.1 37% 0.9 33% 2.0 46% 7.0 39%
Gov't$Agencies 3.1 28% 1.0 36% 0.0 0% 4.1 23%
Subsidized$Companies 1.8 16% 0.1 4% 0.5 12% 2.4 13%
StateOowned 1.2 11% 0.6 22% 1.4 32% 3.1 18%
SelfOfinanced 0.3 3% 0.04 1% 0.2 5% 0.6 3%
Public$Utilities 0.3 3% 0.01 1% 0.2 4% 0.5 3%
Others 0.1 1% 0.08 3% 0.0 0% 0.2 1%
Total 10.9 100% 2.7 100% 4.3 100% 17.9 100%
Sources:$China's$National$Audit$office$(2013)
Entities$involved$in$Sbnational$Government$Debts$as$of$June$2013
Need$to$repay
Guarantee$
obligations
Rescue$
obligations
Total
21. For What Purposes?
(In$trillion$Yuen)
Purposes
City$development 3.8 37% 0.5 21% 1.5 36% 5.8 35%
Land$banking 1.7 17% 0.1 4% 0.1 2% 1.9 11%
Transportation 1.4 14% 1.3 51% 1.4 34% 4.1 24%
Social$housing 0.7 7% 0.1 6% 0.3 7% 1.1 7%
Education 0.5 5% 0.08 3% 0.4 10% 1.0 6%
Irrigation 0.4 4% 0.06 2% 0.1 2% 0.5 3%
Environmental 0.3 3% 0.04 2% 0.1 2% 0.5 3%
Industrial$&$Energy 0.1 1% 0.08 3% 0.0 1% 0.2 1%
Others 1.2 12% 0.21 8% 0.3 6% 1.7 10%
Total 10.1 100% 2.6 100% 4.1 100% 16.8 100%
Sources:$China's$National$Audit$office$(2013)
Purposes$of$Debt$Financing
Need$to$repay
Guarantee$
obligations
Rescue$
obligations
Total
26. Local public
finances !
Proposed Land Tenure Reform Strategy !
1! 2!
Ecology and
farmland
preservation and
food security!
3!
Rural land
tenure!
4!
Integration of
urban and rural
land markets!
Land value
sharing!
Rural !
leasehold
system!
Public land
acquisition
system!
Land use !
planning!
Agricultural
modernization!
New town
development!
Transport
ation!
Incomplete
property rights
houses!
Clearly
defined and
secure
leasehold
rights !
Gradual legal reforms and policies to stabilize real estate prices!
Banking and !
real estate
investment
reforms!
Land quota
trading system!
Alternative !
local revenue
sources!