Evolution of soil surveys - Anderson
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70th SWCS International Annual Conference July 26-29, 2015 Greensboro, NC
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Evolution of soil surveys - Anderson
- 1. Evolution of Soil Surveys: From County Datasets to an MLRA Approach Greg Taylor Senior Regional Soil Scientist Mid Atlantic and Caribbean Area Regional Office Raleigh, NC
- 3. History of Soil Survey 1894 - Creation of the Division of Agriculture of Soils (1897 Division of Soils, 1901 Bureau of Soils) 1898 – first Soil Survey undertaken 1899 – Nation Cooperative Soil Survey is established 1904 – over 400 soil series recognized (today over 25,000) 1933 – Soil Erosion Service (Dust Bowl) 1941 – Soil Conservation Service formed, Aerial photographs are being used for base maps.
- 4. History of Soil Survey 1952 - Soil Survey becomes part of SCS. 1972 – Creation of the first soil database, Soil Interpretation Record (SIR, SOI-5) 1994 - NASIS introduced (National Soil Information System) 1999 – Soil Survey Centennial, 941 digital soil surveys available in SSURGO 2003 – Creation of Soil Data Mart 2005 – Creation of Web Soil Survey 2015 - over 220,000 AOI generated/month in Web Soil Survey
- 6. However, inconsistencies began to emerge:
- 7. Work began to harmonize data across soil survey, county, and state boundaries. Similar mapunits were analyzed and new calculations for some interpretations were run. Soils were grouped based off the original intent of the mapunit (what is this area inside the lines on the map supposed to represent). Also called the mapunit concept. This process allowed soils within an MLRA to assessed therefore removing political boundaries. We are now working to show the concept of a soil consistently, wherever it “lives”
- 8. The result has given users the ability to make consistent inferences and interpretations for same named mapunits. This map shows the finished product to the Millboro SDJR project and the new water storage rates for the mapunit.
- 9. So, what’s this got to do with the Evolution of Soil Surveys? • Back in my day, we walked across the county boring holes and making notes on maps with pencils. • Then, on cold, or rainy, or very hot days, and also usually on Fridays; we’d ink our findings • Only by very carefully erasing could one edit small parts of an “inked” map • Conversion Legends were required to change mapunits. Once the lines were “inked”, they didn’t change without a re-map.
- 11. • Now, with software like ArcGIS we can edit maps whenever we need to. • With many tools found in ArcGIS we can make pretty accurate predictions about soils mapping • Allows for editing in the office. • This is very helpful especially with the “more with less” plan we now follow. With offices spread out further than in the past, these tools cut down on us having to travel hundreds of miles to make some edits without sacrificing accuracy.
- 12. The mapping evaluation process
- 15. 1 All tabular data is hosted in the National Soil Information System (NASIS). If a discrepancy is notice with the spatial data (ArcGIS) that will in-turn affect the tabular data, then edits can easily be made to the database. Allows for interactions between different data to create special reports and Interpretations while providing the user with up-to-date information.
- 16. So, we go from this……..
- 17. To this……..
- 19. So why do we do this???? Why is it important???? “... I cannot conceive of the time when knowledge of soils will be complete. Our expectation is that our successors will build on what has been done, as we are building on the work of our predecessors.” - R.S. Smith, Director of the Illinois Soil Survey, 1928
- 21. Milestones: ES -11- Medium-Intensity Data Collection Completed ES -12- QC Progress Review of draft Provisional ESD completed ES -13- QA Progress Review of draft Provisional ESD completed ES -14- Provisional ESD Completed
- 24. WHY?????
Notes de l'éditeur
- Soil Survey has not change much, little has changed over the years in the collection of soil properties.
- Here is an example of SS areas mapped with similar soils but with different interpretations. Different SSA’s, mapped by different people, and at different times resulted in interpretations that did not match. What if you farmed in Tripp County as well as Lyman County. For your farm in Lyman Co you receive cost share for irrigation but in Tripp you do not. The soils are mapped the same! Complaints began to roll in to SSD and we responded.
- Remember the “old days” where maps we’re made by walking across the county and boring holes. Our findings were marked on an aerial photo or field sheet with a pencil. Later, usually on Fridays or cold days, rainy days, or very hot days…… we’d ink our findings onto the map and only by careful erasing could very limited edits ever be made. We had to use conversion legends if we wanted to show a correlation change because the lines could not change.
- We produced published surveys. The maps were paper and could not change or be edited. The data and interpretations were in the survey and also static.
- Going to the field helps “fine tune” the map and decide which tool works best for your situation.
- ESD’s are another conservation tool that is closely associated with soils information. It allows for customization of management practices for a specific outcome based off current soils and vegetation.