Haiti Soil Survey and Natural Resources Conservation Initiative 1
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70th SWCS International Annual Conference July 26-29, 2015 Greensboro, NC
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Haiti Soil Survey and Natural Resources Conservation Initiative 1
- 1. MARNDR République d’Haïti Repiblik d’Ayiti FAMV Soil Erosion Modeling for Sustainable Agricultural Systems in Haiti 70th Annual Soil and Water Conservation Society Conference July 26-29, 2015 Greensboro, NC The Haiti USDA/NRCS – Haiti Pilot Soil Survey Team
- 2. MARNDR République d’Haïti Repiblik d’Ayiti FAMV Background • Haiti is mostly hilly country • Highest soil erosion rates • Population pressure • Extreme Deforestation • Flash Floods rains and hurricanes. • Vulnerability to erosion • Soil and water quality issues • Low agricultural productivity • Malnutrition
- 3. MARNDR République d’Haïti Repiblik d’Ayiti FAMV Haiti forest cover ranges from ~ 1.5-2%
- 4. MARNDR République d’Haïti Repiblik d’Ayiti FAMV Erosion Risk Vulnerability Haiti 2010 National Plan
- 6. MARNDR République d’Haïti Repiblik d’Ayiti FAMV From USLE to RUSLE2 A = (r, k, ls, c, p) • R = Rainfall erositivity • K = Erodibility • LS = 1 (Unit plot concept L = 72.6 ft., S = 9%) (Slope Effect Chart) Plot fallow and tillage is up and down the slope • CP= 1 Without a conservation practice
- 7. MARNDR République d’Haïti Repiblik d’Ayiti FAMV RUSLE2 Features • Robust Soil Erosion prediction tool • Intended to represent trends demonstrated in field data • Not intended to be a precise estimator of soil loss or residue cover
- 8. MARNDR République d’Haïti Repiblik d’Ayiti FAMV RUSLE2 Requirements 1. Location (climate) 2. Soil map unit component 3. Slope length (m) and steepness (%) 4. Crop Management (Use Rotation Builder) 5. Supporting Conservation Practices
- 9. MARNDR République d’Haïti Repiblik d’Ayiti FAMV RUSLE2, Cul de Sac
- 10. MARNDR République d’Haïti Repiblik d’Ayiti FAMV Cul de Sac Climate
- 12. MARNDR République d’Haïti Repiblik d’Ayiti FAMV Used San Juan climate information to Obtain R
- 14. MARNDR République d’Haïti Repiblik d’Ayiti FAMV Despizeau and Cornillon
- 15. MARNDR République d’Haïti Repiblik d’Ayiti FAMV Soils of Cul de Sac
- 18. MARNDR République d’Haïti Repiblik d’Ayiti FAMV RUSLE2 Outputs • Calculates Daily soil loss – Reported as annual soil loss (Mg ha-1 yr-1) (Tonne ha-1 yr-1 ) • SCI (Soil conditioning Index) – (SCI = OM + ER + FO) • STIR (Soil tillage intensity rating)
- 21. MARNDR République d’Haïti Repiblik d’Ayiti FAMV Management, Estimated Soil Loss and SCI
- 22. MARNDR République d’Haïti Repiblik d’Ayiti FAMV Soil Loss Soil loss >>T Most Soil Loss > T Soil loss = T
- 27. MARNDR République d’Haïti Repiblik d’Ayiti FAMV Flash floods Recovering from a flood
- 29. MARNDR République d’Haïti Repiblik d’Ayiti FAMV Impacts of Soil Erosion • Loss of quality top soil (Tè a fatigue (La terre est fatigué) – Nutrients, water, structure, biodiversity • Land degradation • Low crop yields – Poverty – Malnutrition • Water quality – Floods – Disease
- 30. MARNDR République d’Haïti Repiblik d’Ayiti FAMV 7 annual soil loss, 1978, 15 annual soil loss, 1999, 37 annual soil loss, 2011, 50 y = 0.3375x2 + 4.83x + 0.7425 R² = 0.9796 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100$0 $500,000,000 $1,000,000,000 $1,500,000,000 $2,000,000,000 $2,500,000,000 $3,000,000,000 1930 1978 1999 2011 Cost of soil replacement per tonne at prevailing market prices SoillossinHaitifor1930,1978and1999andpredictedsoillossfor2011(million tonnes) Costofsoillossfor1930,1978and1999andpredictedsoillossfor2011 Soil loss for Haiti 1930, 1978, 1999 (FAO/World Bank) and soil loss predictions for 2011 and costs $2 per tonne $10 per tonne $19 per tonne $50 per tonne
- 31. MARNDR République d’Haïti Repiblik d’Ayiti FAMV Estimated Cost of Land Degradation (S) (not building soil quality) • Erosion: 0.7 – 14.0 billion • Organic matter decline: 3.4 – 5.6 billion • Compaction: no estimate • Salinization: 158 – 321 million • Landslides: up to 1.2 billion per event • Contamination: 0.6 – 17.3 billion • Sealing: no estimate • Biodiversity decline: no estimate European Commission, Joint Research Centre, 2006
- 32. MARNDR République d’Haïti Repiblik d’Ayiti FAMV What Can We Do About It? Lots of goodwill – Governments – Churches – NGOs – Foundations – Universities – Individuals
- 33. MARNDR République d’Haïti Repiblik d’Ayiti FAMV Conclusion • Erosion – Exerts a strong downward pressure on peasant incomes – Significantly reduces government revenue – Creates perennial dependence on foreign aid Haitian counterparts now have the capability to use RUSLE2 in the pilot area Help them use RUSLE2 all over the country ( managed lands)
Notes de l'éditeur
- Project area located about 15km east of Port au Prince in the Cul de Sac Plain. Range of elevation 150 ft. to 1200 ft., 30 to 40 inch precip. Project area is about 7500 acre area. Crops include Sorghum, corn plantain, sweet potatoes, beans, pigeon pea.……