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July 30-1030-Nancy Somerville
1. Design and Planning for Climate Smart Communities
Nancy Somerville, Hon. ASLA, Hon. AIA, SITES AP
Neil Weinstein, PE, RLA, AICP, ASLA, ASCE, ENV SP
Soil and Water Conservation Society
Pittsburgh, PA
July 30, 2019
2. ASLA Blue Ribbon Panel on Climate Change and Resilience
Diane Jones Allen, ASLA
University of Texas at Arlington
Armando Carbonell, FAICP
Lincoln Institute of Land Policy
Mark Dawson, FASLA
Sasaki Associates Inc.
Tim Duggan, ASLA
Phronesis
Ying-yu Hung, ASLA
SWA, Los Angeles Studio
Dr. Dwane Jones
University of the District of Columbia
Adam Ortiz
Prince George’s County, Maryland
Dr. Jalonne L. White-Newsome
The Kresge Foundation
Vaughn B. Rinner, FASLA
ASLA 2017 President
Nancy C. Somerville, Hon. ASLA
ASLA Executive Vice President and CEO
3. • Core principles
• Key design and planning
approaches for creating
healthy,
climate-smart, and
resilient communities
• Public policy
recommendations to
support those
approaches
Photo: ASLA
Smart Policies for a Changing Climate
4. Policies should:
Use incentives whenever feasible
Promote holistic planning and provide multiple benefits
Address environmental justice and racial and social equity
Reflect meaningful community engagement
Be regularly evaluated, including for unintended consequences
Address regional as well as local and site-specific goals/issues
5. Natural Systems
Community Development
Vulnerable Communities
Transportation
Agriculture
6. Natural Systems
Maximum use of green infrastructure
Porous pavement technologies
Protection and expansion of open space
and natural systems
Increased tree canopy
Wetlands, etc., as buffers
Preservation of wildlands
Biohabitat- and pollinator-supporting
vegetation
7. Natural Systems
Prohibition on building on
floodplains
Water conservation and water
reuse
Protection of critical water sources
Greenways and wildlife corridors
to support plant and animal
migration
8. Community Development
Transit-oriented development with
multimodal green and complete
streets
Reuse/redevelopment of brownfields
and grayfields
Clean energy and energy efficient
solutions
Walkable open space within a quarter
mile of all residential development
9. Vulnerable Communities
Equitable access to transportation, housing,
jobs, recreation, and open space
Environmental justice analyses as part of all
planning
Mixed-income housing and mixed-used
development
Relocation, retreat, and/or evacuation plans
Limitations or prohibitions on building in fire-
prone areas
10. Transportation
Transit-oriented development with green and
complete streets
Equitable access to transportation options
Green infrastructure and protection of natural
environment and habitat in transportation projects
“Road diets” to improve safety and promote active
transportation
Charging stations and accommodations for
new/emerging transportation modes
11. Agriculture
Farmland preservation and protection of prime
soils
Pro-active planning to address food deserts
Promotion of urban and suburban agriculture
Promotion of conservation farming practices
for healthy soils and carbon sequestration
12. Landscape Architects emerging role in the challenge
to address climate adaptation
• HISTORICAL CONTEXT
• SPHERES OF INFLUENCE
• OPPORTUNITIES FOR PARTNERSHIPS AND LEADERSHIP
13. What will our urban riparian areas look
like? 1938, 1965, 2018, FUTURE!
Austin
Bladensburg
15. Climate Adaptation is not just about properties that are
located in the 100 Year floodplain and volume issues.
Localized flooding, water quality and supply, impacts
on infrastructure, air quality, equity, and mobility are
often overlooked in the discussion.
16. What is the effect of
more intense and
frequent rainfall?
“Cloudbursts”
18. How Do Our Plant
Communities Respond?
Increase in the
number of high
temperature days
and higher
temperatures at
night
Where is my Cone
Flower?
19. Maybe we need some different approaches and answers to
these challenges!
20. About 25 years ago we began down this road. Low
Impact Development (LID)/Green Stormwater
Infrastructure (GSI): Natural processes to restore or
maintain hydrologic and ecological function or
targeted watershed goals.
20
• Low Impact Development
(LID): Site Scale
• Green Stormwater
Infrastructure (GSI):
Watershed and Large-Scale
Implementation
24. Landscape Architects will have a critical role in
protecting and restoring watersheds through
Green Infrastructure planning and design
• Earlier definitions of Green
Infrastructure focused on integrated
open space
• 2007 MOA with EPA Office of Water
on Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO)
and then National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System
(NPDES) Separate Storm Sewer
System (MS4) Permits
• Green Stormwater Infrastructure (GSI)
30. Green Infrastructure at Multiple
Scales: Neighborhoods
Local/Neighborhood Scale
• Greater emphasis on
restoration activities such as
planting trees and installing
bioswales, restoring wetlands,
maintaining open spaces, and
incorporating existing
landscape features into site
design plans
• Focus Stormwater
Management and Co-benefits
31. Co-Benefits of Green Infrastructure:
Leveraging of programs and funds
Town of Edmonston, Maryland
Green And Complete Street
34. Traditionally controls meant for sediment and pollutants
(nutrients and toxics). Starting to focus on ecosystem services
and co-benefits.
Urban Stream and
River Valleys
38. Implementation Policy and
Tools
• Master Plans
• Design Guides
• Codes and Ordinances
• Standards and
Specifications
• Revitalization and
Economic Development
Plans
NRPA Great Urban
Parks Guide
2018
1964
39. Prince George’s County, Maryland
• In 2000 the County was concerned with
increasing amount of development & impact
to natural resources
• Concern regarding loss of forests, especially
around riparian areas
• Established a Green Infrastructure Network:
• Regulated Areas
• Evaluation Areas
• Gap Areas
… to help direct growth away from these areas
• Now used in the development review
process to ensure areas are protected and,
where possible/necessary, restored
40. Regional Scale
Can lower average
summer
temperature
by up to 1 °
Fahrenheit
Allows you to ask questions: What
portions of the county are in greatest
need of more forest/tree cover to
increase protection from summertime
heat?
Prince George’s County
Green Infrastructure Study
Prevents 4.3 billion gallons of
polluted rain from entering the
storm drain per year – A $12.8
billion dollar savings
Offsets greenhouse gas emission of
161,000 passenger vehicles a year…
...and stores more CO2 than that
emitted by 5 power plants.
41. Microclimate Modifications/ Temperature
• Overall temperature reductions provided
by the tree and forest cover in Prince
George’s County, MD, is 0.29°C.
Depending on where you are in the
county, this can be greater or lower
42. Green Infrastructure From Watersheds To Regional Scale
• Interconnected network of
waterways, wetlands, woodlands,
wildlife habitats, and other natural
areas that maintain ecological
processes
• Preserve, create, or restore
vegetated areas and corridors
such as greenways, parks,
conservation easements, and
riparian buffers.
• Focus Overall ecosystem
43. How we manage vegetation and plant materials and ecosystem
strategies for Linear Transportation Projects will be critical
46. Take away:
• Really, Really, Really need interdisciplinary teams to
solve this
• Need some predictability/certainty on ecosystem
responses
• Need an adaptable approach that is scalable
• The leap from policy to implementation requires
pilot projects and persistence
• Messaging is critical
47. Key Public Policies to Support Natural Systems
Provide dedicated funding for green
infrastructure
Require new development to retain and
infiltrate precipitation on site
Incentivize use of appropriate plant
species
Adopt a green space plan
Adopt a national urban and suburban
tree planting strategy
Incentivize development that retains
appropriate vegetation
48. Key Public Policies to Support Natural Systems
Adopt a national water protection and
management strategy
Prioritize protection of critical water
sources
Incentivize or require water conservation
and reuse technologies
Protect wildlands
Incentivize planning for plant and animal
migration
Incentivize best practices in soil
management
49. Key Policies to Support Community Development
Prioritize and incentivize brownfield and
grayfield rehabilitation
Develop municipal and regional climate
resilience plans
Support community land banking to
convert vacant/abandoned property
Create community investment trusts to
fund green infrastructure
Require walkable open space within ¼
mile of residential development
50. Key Policies to Support Transportation
Require transit-oriented
development with multimodal,
green, and complete streets
principles
Include affordable housing in TOD
Address transit deserts
Provide incentives for biking and
carpooling
51. Key Policies to Support Vulnerable Communities
Restrict building in floodplains
Update FEMA maps and include claims-
data analysis
Reinstitute Federal Flood Risk
Management Standards
Require environmental justice analyses
Promote mixed-income housing and
mixed-use development
52. Key Policies to Support Agriculture
Incentivize urban and suburban
agriculture
Protect current farmland and prime
farmland soils
Identify and address food deserts
Promote healthy food education
Incentivize conservation farming
practices
53. Based on ecosystem services
Grounded in research
Site context
Pre-design assessment
Site design – water
Site design -- soil and
vegetation
Site design -- materials
Site design – human health
Construction
Operations and maintenance
Education and performance
monitoring
54. Resources
Smart Policies for a Changing Climate
report: www.asla.org/climate
www.asla.org/sustainablelandscapes
www.sustainablesites.org