12. ?
• Decline has been from loss of habitat in the USA
• Recovery needs to focus on first and second
generation breeding
– Texas & Oklahoma
– Corn Belt
• We need 600 Million + additional stems of
milkweed distributed in breeding area
• The only way to reach this scale is to work with
mainstream agriculture to provide habitat
What is Required to Recover Monarchs
13. What Is Required For Sufficient
Reproduction to Recover?
Pollinator Patches
• Small distributed patches of milkweed
and nectar plants
• Easy for farmers to establish
• Outside of production lands
• Scale up to landscape level
Orange butterfly – hardly the camouflage we expect for delicate creatures
Orange because they are poison to most predators
Only lay eggs on milkweed
Numbers declined by > 90%
Truly AWESOME – a phrase I reserve for powers like God or the ocean
3000 mile plus annual migration for an insect
50% of those returning to Mexico come from corn belt
Source: University of Wisconsin: Cropland expansion outpaces agricultural and biofuel policies in the United States
Tyler J Lark1, J Meghan Salmon1 and Holly K Gibbs1,2
Nationwide, over 7.3 million acres of land — mostly grasslands — were converted to crop production 2008-2012, with clear “hotspots” of change located across the U.S.
There are over 10 million acres in private ROW in the core area – gas, electric, railroad