1. July 1, 2014
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GENERATION
0.9%
16.6%
12.9%
0.5%
9.2%
60.0%
Coal Gas Diesel RES
Hydro Nuclear
Thermal Energy
Coal India (World’s
largest coal-mining
company) has failed to
meet production
targets resulting in
domestic shortages
Coal provides 68% of
the electricity at
present, but reserves
are effectively limited
Limited infrastructure
hinders ability to mine
in areas with high coal
availability.
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Renewable Energy
Wind power comprises
70% of RES in India.
The government is
playing an active role in
promoting use of
renewable energy
resources by offering
various incentives, such
as government bonds
and tax holidays.
Key government
initiatives include the PAT
Scheme and the Market
Transformation for
Energy Efficiency.
Hydro / Nuclear Energy
Hydro is at a 21.71% installed
capacity compared to Nuclear
at 2.78%.
India is allowed to carry out
international trade of nuclear
power and technologies so as
to develop its capacity of
power generation.
Over 350 reactor-years of
operation achieved. Target
since 2004 has been for
nuclear power to provide 20
GWe by 2020
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3. July 1, 2014
Current Transmission System
The Electricity Act (2003) has opened the electricity market which allows Distribution companies and
consumers to have a choice of suppliers which enables a competitive environment with maximum choice for
both generators/traders as well as customers.
One of the major impediments regarding transmission development is the result of the absence of firm
beneficiaries resulting in ineffective grid utilization. Additionally, the time schedule poses a problem due to
listening and time in order for the transmission system to be implemented. This ultimately effects investment
in transmission infrastructure due to large amounts of uncertainty.
Short term trading (one day-ahead basis) is necessary in order to main demand and supply levels but is
often problematic in India. This is due to inability to maintain steady funding from Distribution companies.
Transmission companies are unable to plan for erratic demands for power (in order to reduce load
shedding) which occur in the short term purchasing. Therefore, it is difficult to adjust the transmission
systems accordingly as the demand for power is volatile.
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12th Plan
• Transmission development plans are linked to generation expansion programs following the forecasted demand
scenario at the end of that plan
• The inter-regional transmission capacity of all India grid will increase from 26,560 MW (11th Plan) to 63,000 MW
by the end of the 12th plan.
• Several 765kV lines will transport power from the range of 3000-6000MW over long distances
4. July 1, 2014
4
BLACKOUTS
A power grid is an interconnected network of transmission lines for supplying electricity from
power suppliers to consumers. Any disruptions in the network causes power outages. India
has five regional grids that carry electricity from power plants to respective states in the
country.
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India has five electricity grids - Northern, Eastern, North Eastern, Southern and Western. All
of them are inter-connected, except the Southern grid.
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Reasons for Grid Failure
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Weather
• Failure of the equipment (occurred a
decade ago in 2002 when the northern
grid collapsed, due to fog/pollution.)
• Storms affecting transimssion and
distribution system (severly damaged
transmission lines)
• Extreme heat resulting in increased
demand
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Excessive Demand
• Power suppliers drawing excessive
power from the grid resulting in the
mis-balance of power generation and
supply goes haywire with a cascading
effect.
• Farmers using energy-intensive water
pumps for irrigation to save their
recently sown crops
• Transmission systems are often not
capable of meeting peak loads due to
poor and outdated infastructure
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The nation often suffers power outages
for 10 hours a day (load shedding) in
order to reduce the risk of blackouts.
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Furthermore, around 25% of the population in India does not have access to electricity.
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2012 India
Blackouts
• Affected 620 Million people
• Spread across 22 States
• Northern, Eastern,
Northeastern India
• Several Ramifications
• Transportation, health,
food and water
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Solutions to
Blackouts
Short Term Plan
Utilize Backup power
generators
Quick repairs to give instant
relief (transformers, transmision
lines etc.)
Distribution Comanies conduct
maintenance and upgradation /
remain available to consumers.
Long Term Plan
Invest in infastructure to create
new generators and
transmission lines.
Central government will
provide funding and permits
willingly to expedite
production.
