This document covers two main topics: 1. Creating a sales budget, which involves selecting a period, gathering historical sales data, market trends, sales team size, and getting input from sales reps and customers. 2. The differences between active and passive voice in sentences. The active voice has the subject performing the action, while the passive voice has the subject receiving the action. Rules for changing sentences from active to passive voice depending on tense are also outlined.

1. Integrated Professional English
22UC2202
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2. TOPICS COVERD
 SPENDING ON SALES BUDGET
 ACTIVE & PASSIVE VOICE
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4. SPENDING ON SALES BUDGET
A sales budget determines your total expected sales revenue during
a specified period.
Steps to follow to create sales budget:
 Select a Period for the Budget
 Gather Sales Prices
 Pull Historical Sales Data
 Look at Industry Benchmarks
 Market Trends
 Take the Size of Your Sales Team Into Account
 Consider Any Changes to Your Business Model

5. Lesson Name
5
 Talk to Your Sales Reps
 Talk to Your Customers
 Evaluate Your Sales Prospect Numbers
 Create the Budget
 Continue to Review Your Budget

6. Listening – Track 1- Pg no: 74 Questions
Task 1:Listen and complete the notes.
The key to successful sales is----
Each member of his team competes approximately with----- other sales
reps
The sales reps decide how to achieve their sales in ----
They make ---- customers and centers to visit
Rep’s knowledge of their ---- allows them to build a better ------
Rep’s visit customers ------ to ------ a year
The team is able to compete on ---- rather than numbers
Task 2: Listen again and justify your stand
Which do you think is Adam’s priority: Visiting the existing customers or
potential new customers? Why?

8. Grammar : Active voice and Passive voice
Active Voice:
The subject performs the action
Examples:
 The dog chases the ball.
 Shira likes birdwatching.
 Rama killed Ravana
 Rani borrowed a pencil from Radha
 Raghu painted this mural
Explanation: The action moves from subject to object.

9. Passive voice:
The sentence gets flipped, and the subject is being acted upon by the verb. In other
words, the subject is passive. Action moves from subject to object
Example: The ball is being chased by the dog.
Bird watching is loved by Shira
Ravana was killed by Rama
A pencil is being borrowed by Rani from Radha
This mural is painted by Raghu
Explanation: The subject is made passive the object is made active. Action moves from
object to subject

10. Rules to change active voice to passive voice
• The sentence must have objects (transitive verb). If there is no object,
then there must be question word who asks the object.
• Object in active sentence became the subject of passive sentences.
• Subject or active sentences into passive sentences that preceded the
object word “by”.
• The verb used is verb III (past participle) which preceded by to be.
• The adjusted sentence structure by tenses.

11. Changes of Pronouns
Active Voice Passive Voice
I me
We us
You you
He him
She her
It it
They them

12. Passive voice in Simple Present Tense
Active : Subject + infinitive + object Voice
Passive Voice : S + to be + past participle + by object
Examples:
Simson cares the lion The lion is cared by Simson
Ana does the homework The homework is done by Ana
Passive voice in Present Continuous Tense
Active Voice : Subject + to be (is, am, are) + present participle + object
Passive Voice : S + to be (is, am, are) + being + past participle + by object
Examples:
She is doing her homework The homework is being done by her
He is waiting for Dewi Dewi is being waited by him

13. Passive voice in Simple Past Tense
Active Voice: Subject + past participle + object
Passive Voice: S + was/were + past participle + by object
Examples:
She cleaned the house The house was cleaned by her
Jeffri bought a new car A new car was bought by Jeffri
Passive voice in Past Continuous Tense
Active Voice: S + was/were + being + past participle + by object
Passive Voice: S + was/were + being + past participle + by object
Examples:
I was waiting for Dina Dina was being waited by me
She was reading a novel A novel was being read by her

14. Passive voice in Past Perfect Tense
Active Voice: Subject + had + past participle + object
Passive Voice: S + had been + past participle + by object
Examples:
He had left that place That place had been left by him
I had finished my work My work had been finished by me
Passive voice in Simple Future Tense
Active Voice: Subject + will + infinitive + object
Passive Voice: S + will + be + past participle + by object
Examples:
I shall read a newspaper A newspaper will be read by me
She will sing a beautiful song A beautiful song will be sung by her

15. Passive voice in Future Continuous Tense
Active Voice : Subject + will be + present participle + object
Passive Voice : : S + will + be + ing + past participle + by object
Examples: He will be doing a test tomorrow A test will be being done by him tomorrow
She will be applying a job tomorrow A job will be being applied by her tomorrow
The following tenses cannot be changed into passive voice.
1. Present perfect continuous tense
2. Past perfect continuous tense
3. Future perfect continuous tense

16. Sentences which cannot be changed into passive voice
Transitive and Intransitive Verb
A transitive verb needs an object (in sentence) to give complete meaning
Intransitive verb does need an object (in sentence) to give complete meaning.
For example:
Transitive verb: He sent a letter.
Explanation: Send is a transitive verb and it needs an object
i.e. letter to express full meaning

17. Intransitive Verb:
Example: He laughs.
Explanation: Laugh is an intransitive verb, and it does not need object for expressing
full meaning.
Examples of intransitive verbs: Sleep, go, reach, sit, die
Intransitive verb cannot be changed into passive voice
The sentences having intransitive verbs (belonging to any tense) cannot be changed into
passive voice.
The reason is that there is not any object in such sentences and without object of sentence
the sentence can not have a passive form.