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Grammar Book #2

   Por: Sabra Arif
   Segundo Clase
        Sp2H
Table of Contents
1.    Imperfect
2.    Car – Gar – Zar
3.    Spock
4.    Cucaracha
5.    Snake y Snake
6.    Model
7.    Adverbs
8.    Present Progressive
9.    Past Progressive
10.   Future ( Irregular )
11.   Superlatives
12.   Formal Commands
Imperfect
 Used to tell time and talk about a repeated action


           -ar                     -er/-ir

          -aba                      -ía

          -abas                     -ías

          -aba                      -ía

         -ábamos                  -íamos

          -aban                     -ían
Car – Gar – Zar
 Tocar        Jugar     Comenzar


 Toque        Jugue     Comence


 Tocaste     Jugaste   Comenzaste


  Toco        Jugo      Comenzo


Tocamos      Jugamos   Comenzamos


Tocaron      Jugaron   Comenzaron
Spock

 Ver      Dar      Ser       Ir     Hacer

  Vi       Di      Fui      Fui      Hice

Viste    Diste    Fuiste   Fuiste   Hiciste

 Vio      Dio      Fue      Fue      Hizo

Vimos    Dimos    Fuimos   Fuimos   Hicimos

Vieron   Dieron   Fueron   Fueron   Hicieron
Cucaracha
  Andar     Anduv-    Endings:
  Estar     Estuv-        -e
                        -iste
  Poder      Pud-         -o
  Querer     Quis-     -imos
  Saber      Sup-      -isteis
                       -ieron
  Tener      Tuv-
  Venir      Vin-
  Decir      Duj-
  Traer      Traj-
 Conducir   Conduj-         Drop the ‘i’
 Producir   Produj-
 Traducir   Traduj-
Snake / Snakey
      Leer        Dormir

       Leí         Dormí

      Leiste     Dormiste

      Leyó        Durmió

     Leimos      Dormimos

     Leyeron     Durmieron
Modal Verbs
 ir + a + infinitive (going to do something)
 poder + infinitive (are able to do something)
 querer + infinitive (want to do something)
 deber + infinitive (should do something)
 tener + que + infinitive (should do something)
 soler + infinitive (to be accustomed to)
 necesitar + infinitive (to need something)
Adverbs
 -Mente Adverb: add –mente at the end of the
  word to the feminine singular form.
 If there are 2 or more adv. present in a sentence,
  add –mente to the end of the last adverb of the
  sentence.
  -EX: Adj: Claro
         Fem: Clara
         Adv: Claramente
Irregular Adv.
 These do NOT follow the patter of most adv.
 - Bastante         - Poco
 - Muy             - Ya
 - Nunca           - Demasiade
 - Bien            - Siempre
 -Tan
 -Peor
 -Mucho
 -Mal
Present Progressive
 Used to describe what is happening now
 Combine verb, ESTAR, with a present participal.
  -EX: Estar + -ando, -iendo, -yendo
 Conjugate ESTAR
  -EX: I am singing
        Estoy cantando.
Past Progressive
 Formed by combining the verb ESTAR with a
  present participal.
 Conjugate ESTAR in the imperfect tense.
 Drop -ar, -er, or -ir on the infinitive and attach the
  appropriate ending.
 Use the imperfect tense when an action is
  continuously ongoing.
Irregular Future
  Decir     Dir-

  Hacer     Har-

  Poner    Pondr-   Infinitive +
                          -e
   Salir   Saldr-
                         -as
  Tener    Tendr-         -a
                       -emos
  Valer    Vendr-        -an
  Poder    Podr-

  Querer   Querr-

  Saber    Sabr-
Conditional
 When using would, could, must have, or probably.
                        Hablar
                        Hablaría
                      Hablarías
                        Hablaría
                     Hablaríamos
                      Hablarían
 Infinitive + Endings.
Superlatives
 Used when trying to say that something has the
 most or least of a certain quantity.

 El, Los, Las, La
  - MENOS
 El, Los, Las, La
  -MÁS
Formal Commands
                           Ud./Uds. – Put in ‘YO’ form and
DOP+IOP+’SE’ can
attach to an affirmative   change to opposite vowel.

 DOP+IOP+’SE’
must go before the
                           Ud./Uds. – Same as
negative command           above

                               Los Irregulares


 T            V            D           I          S          H
 E            S
 Tenga        Vea          Diga            Vaya       Sepa       Haga
 Esté         Sea
Prepositions
Abajo
Arriba
Debajo (de)
Dentro (de)
Encima (de)
Fuera (de)
Demonstratives
This      That    That over there
Este      Ese     Aquel
Esta      Esa     Aquella



These     Those   Those over there
Estos     Esos    Aquellos
Estas     Esas    Aquellas

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Grammar book 2[1] revised

  • 1. Grammar Book #2 Por: Sabra Arif Segundo Clase Sp2H
  • 2. Table of Contents 1. Imperfect 2. Car – Gar – Zar 3. Spock 4. Cucaracha 5. Snake y Snake 6. Model 7. Adverbs 8. Present Progressive 9. Past Progressive 10. Future ( Irregular ) 11. Superlatives 12. Formal Commands
  • 3. Imperfect  Used to tell time and talk about a repeated action -ar -er/-ir -aba -ía -abas -ías -aba -ía -ábamos -íamos -aban -ían
  • 4. Car – Gar – Zar Tocar Jugar Comenzar Toque Jugue Comence Tocaste Jugaste Comenzaste Toco Jugo Comenzo Tocamos Jugamos Comenzamos Tocaron Jugaron Comenzaron
  • 5. Spock Ver Dar Ser Ir Hacer Vi Di Fui Fui Hice Viste Diste Fuiste Fuiste Hiciste Vio Dio Fue Fue Hizo Vimos Dimos Fuimos Fuimos Hicimos Vieron Dieron Fueron Fueron Hicieron
  • 6. Cucaracha Andar Anduv- Endings: Estar Estuv- -e -iste Poder Pud- -o Querer Quis- -imos Saber Sup- -isteis -ieron Tener Tuv- Venir Vin- Decir Duj- Traer Traj- Conducir Conduj- Drop the ‘i’ Producir Produj- Traducir Traduj-
  • 7. Snake / Snakey Leer Dormir Leí Dormí Leiste Dormiste Leyó Durmió Leimos Dormimos Leyeron Durmieron
  • 8. Modal Verbs  ir + a + infinitive (going to do something)  poder + infinitive (are able to do something)  querer + infinitive (want to do something)  deber + infinitive (should do something)  tener + que + infinitive (should do something)  soler + infinitive (to be accustomed to)  necesitar + infinitive (to need something)
  • 9. Adverbs  -Mente Adverb: add –mente at the end of the word to the feminine singular form.  If there are 2 or more adv. present in a sentence, add –mente to the end of the last adverb of the sentence. -EX: Adj: Claro Fem: Clara Adv: Claramente
  • 10. Irregular Adv.  These do NOT follow the patter of most adv. - Bastante - Poco - Muy - Ya - Nunca - Demasiade - Bien - Siempre -Tan -Peor -Mucho -Mal
  • 11. Present Progressive  Used to describe what is happening now  Combine verb, ESTAR, with a present participal. -EX: Estar + -ando, -iendo, -yendo  Conjugate ESTAR -EX: I am singing Estoy cantando.
  • 12. Past Progressive  Formed by combining the verb ESTAR with a present participal.  Conjugate ESTAR in the imperfect tense.  Drop -ar, -er, or -ir on the infinitive and attach the appropriate ending.  Use the imperfect tense when an action is continuously ongoing.
  • 13. Irregular Future Decir Dir- Hacer Har- Poner Pondr- Infinitive + -e Salir Saldr- -as Tener Tendr- -a -emos Valer Vendr- -an Poder Podr- Querer Querr- Saber Sabr-
  • 14. Conditional  When using would, could, must have, or probably. Hablar Hablaría Hablarías Hablaría Hablaríamos Hablarían  Infinitive + Endings.
  • 15. Superlatives  Used when trying to say that something has the most or least of a certain quantity.  El, Los, Las, La - MENOS  El, Los, Las, La -MÁS
  • 16. Formal Commands Ud./Uds. – Put in ‘YO’ form and DOP+IOP+’SE’ can attach to an affirmative change to opposite vowel. DOP+IOP+’SE’ must go before the Ud./Uds. – Same as negative command above Los Irregulares T V D I S H E S Tenga Vea Diga Vaya Sepa Haga Esté Sea
  • 18. Demonstratives This That That over there Este Ese Aquel Esta Esa Aquella These Those Those over there Estos Esos Aquellos Estas Esas Aquellas