Etiology Mode of infection

1. CONJUCTIVITIS
BY
S. UTHEJ KUMAR
ROLL NO : 137

3. Definition:
• Inflammation of the conjunctiva.
• Conjunctival hyperaemia associated with
discharge which may be water, mucoid,
mucopurulent or purulent.

4. Classification:
A. Infective Conjunctivitis
1. Bacterial Conjunctivitis
• -Acute bacterial conjunctivitis
• -Hyperacute bacterial conjunctivitis
• -Chronic bacterial conjunctivitis
• -Angular bacterial conjunctivitis

5. Etiology
• Predisposing factors:-
  Flies
  Poor hygienic conditions
  Hot dry climate
  Poor sanitation

6. Causative Organisms
  Staph. aureus
  Koch-Weeks Bacillus
  Pneumococcus
  Streptococcus
  Moraxella
  N. gonorrhoea

7. Modes of infection
  Exogenous infections: directly,
• Vector transmission,
• material transfer.
  Local spread: infected lacrimal sac, lids
and nasopharynx.
  Endogenous infections: blood

8. Symptoms:
  Discomfort and foreign body sensation,
blurring and redness,
  Mild photophobia,
 Hyperaemia and Mucopurulent discharge,
  Sticking together of lid margins,
  Slight blurring of vision,
  Coloured halos.

9. Symptoms:

10. Signs:
  Flakes of mucopus seen at fornices, canthi and
lid margins,
  Conjunctival congestion,- Fiery red eye
  Chemosis,
  Papillae of fine type seen,
  Oedematous eyelids,
  Petechial hemorrhages,
  Matted cilia with yellow crusts.

11. Signs:

12. Signs:

13. Clinical Course
• Mucopurulent conjuctivitis is usually bilateral ,
although one eye may become affected 1-2 days
before the other.
• Disease usually reaches its height in 3 to 4 days.
• If untreated progresses to chronic catarrhal
conjuctivitis.

14. Complications
  Superficial punctate epitheliopathy,
  Marginal corneal ulceration,
  Superficial keratitis,
  Blepharitis,
  Dacryocystitis

15. Differential diagnosis
• Acute iridocycilitis
• Acute congestive glaucoma
• Viral conjuctivitis
• Allergic conjuctivitis
• Chlamydial conjuctivitis

16. Treatment
• Topical antibiotics:
• Chloramphenicol 1% or Gentamycin 0.3% or
Tobramycin 0.3% or framecetin 0.3% eye drops 3-
4 hourly in a day.
• If not respond then Ciprofloxacin 0.3%, Ofloxacin
0.3% etc.

17. Treatment
• Irrigation of conjuctival sac:
• With sterile warm saline once or twice a day will
remove the deleterious material.
• Dark Goggles:
• To prevent Photophobia.
• No Bandage:
• Exposure to air keeps the temperature of
conjuctival cul-de-sac low, while after bandaging it
is converted into an incubator

18. Treatment
• No steroids:
• Infection will flare up and bacterial corneal ulcer
may develop.
• Anti inflammatory and analgesic drugs:
• Ibuprofen and paracetamol given orally for 2-3
days.
• Preventive measures:
• Frequent hand washing.
• Avoidance of sharing towel, handkerchief and
pillow with others

19. Thank You!