2. World Science Day

3. Presented by,
XI-C

4. What is cancer?

5. What is Breast
Cancer?Breast Cancer is an uncontrolled
growth of breast cancer.
.Cancer occurs as a result of mutations, or
abnormal changes, in the genes responsible
for regulating the growth of cells and keeping
them healthy.
. The term “breast cancer” refers to a malignant
tumor that has developed from cells in the
breast.

6. Causes of Breast Cancer
(Risk Factors)
1. GENETIC DESIGN
A woman whose mother, sister, or daughter
has had breast cancer is two to three times
more likely to develop the disease. Two types
of genes are also found causing breast cancer;
. BRCA1
. BRCA2

7. 2. Hormones
The greater a woman's exposure to the hormone
estrogen, the more susceptible she is to breast
cancer. Estrogen tells cells to divide; the more
the cells divide, the more likely they are to be
abnormal in some way, possibly becoming
cancerous.
3. Diet and Lifestyle
Obesity and alcoholic lifestyle is a major
promoter of Breast Cancer. Many studies
have also shown the relation between the
biological clock and the chances a woman
can develop breast cancer.

8. Breast cancer is always
caused by a genetic
abnormality (a “mistake”
in the genetic material).
However, only 5-10% of
cancers are due to an
abnormality inherited
from your mother or
father. Instead, 85-90% of
breast cancers are due to
genetic abnormalities that
happen as a result of the
aging process and the
“wear and tear” of life in
general.

9. The stages of Breast
Cancer
Stage 0
Breast cancer is termed into five stages (0-4)
based on its seriousness. It is instrumental in its
diagnosis and treatment.
In stage 0, there is no evidence of cancer
cells or non-cancerous abnormal cells
breaking out of the part of the breast in
which they started, or getting through to
or invading neighboring normal tissue.

10. Stage 1
Stage I describes invasive
breast cancer (cancer cells
are breaking through to or
invading normal surrounding
breast tissue)
Stage 2
The tumor measures 2 centimeters or smaller and
towards the end of the stage the tumor begins to
spread to the axillary lymph nodes.

11. Stage 3
The tumor is larger than 5 centimeters; small
groups of breast cancer cells are found in the
lymph nodes.
Stage 4
This stage describes invasive breast cancer
that has spread beyond the breast and
nearby lymph nodes to other organs of the
body, such as the lungs, distant lymph
nodes, skin, bones, liver, or brain.

12. There are about 1.38 million new cases and 458
000 deaths from breast cancer each year and it
is by far the most common cancer in women
worldwide, both in the developed and developing
countries.
The pink ribbon is an international
symbol of breast cancer awareness.
October 2016 is considered as
the Breast Cancer awareness
month

13. Symptoms of Breast
Cancer

14. A Change In How The Breast
Or Nipple Feels

15. A change in the breast or nipple
appearance

16. Any nipple discharge

17. 1.SURGERY
Lumpectomy (removal of tumor)
or
Mastectomy (removal of entire breast).
Sentinel lymph node biopsy
or
Axillary lymph node dissection.

18. 2. RADIATION THERAPY
Partial breast
Irradiation (PBI)
Intensity Modulated
Radiation Therapy
(IMRT)
3. SYSTEMATIC THERAPY
 Through the mouth or a vein
Gets into the bloodstream
3 categories:- Chemotherapy
Hormonal therapy
Targeted therapy

19. I. CHEMOTHERAPY
II.HORMONAL/ENDOCRINE THERAPY
Neoadjuvant
chemotherapy
Adjuvant
chemotherapy
For tumors, estrogen or progesterone receptors
Use hormones to fuel its growth

20. III.TARGETED THERAPY
Targets specific genes, proteins or tissue
environment
Blocks growth and spread of cancer cells
Prevents the growth of cancer that has spread to
the bone and maintains bone growth

23. Here are a few simple steps to
reduce the risk of breast cancer :
1. FOOD IS ALWAYS FIRST !!! 
 Consume a diet rich in anti-
oxidants and dark-green leafy
veggies.

24. 2. AVOID ALCOHOL &
QUIT SMOKING
Alcohol can increase levels of
estrogen and other hormones
associatedwithhormone-receptor-
positive breast cancer. Alcohol also
mayincrease breast cancer risk by
damaging DNA in cells.

25. 3. CONSUME A
DIET LOW IN
ANIMAL-BASED
FOODS
 Red meat
contains high fat
, high salts levels
and nitrate
levels. Switch to
fish or lamb
instead of beef

26. 4. Exercise
regularly &
develop yoga
practices
Research shows a link
between exercising regularly
at a moderate or intense level
have a lower risk of breast
cancer. Exercise consumes
and controls blood sugar and
limits blood levels of insulin
growth factor.

27. 5. Do regular self breast exams &
breast massages
They can be LIFE SAVING!!
mammography can detect tumors before
they can be felt, so screening is key for
early detection. Breast self-exams can
help women know what is normal for
themso they can report any changes to
their healthcare provider.

28. 6. SLEEP IS YOUR BEST FRIEND !!!

People who don’t get enough
sleep tend to have lower
melatonin levels. Lower
melatonin levels may lead to
patterns of breast cell
growth and repair that make
breast cancer more likely to
develop.

29. Why is Breast
Cancer
awareness
necessary?