This document discusses several ENT-related topics: 1. It defines Achalasia cardia as a hypomotility disorder of the esophagus characterized by aperistalsis, increased LES tone, and decreased LES relaxation. Two surgical procedures for it are mentioned. 2. Complications of CSOM atticoantral type discussed include mastoiditis, thrombosis of internal jugular vein, and facial nerve paralysis. 3. Anterior rhinoscopy is defined as the examination of the anterior part of the nasal cavity with a speculum. 4. A peritonsillar abscess is identified from its symptoms of sore throat, hot potato voice, and odynophagia

1. ENT OSPE (2)
By
Dr. Sajid Ali Talpur

2. 1. Identify the object.
2. How Achlasia cardia appears in the radiographic
film?
3. Define Achlasia cardia
4. Give two surgical procedures for Achlasia cardia

3. 1.Barium swallow X-Ray
2. It give rat tail or bird beak appearance
3. It is hypomotility diorder of esophagus charachterized by
aperistalsis, increases LES tone and decreased LES relaxation.
4. 1) Modified Heller’s operation
2) Forceful pneumatic dialatation

4. 1.Name the extracranial complications of CSOM
attico antral type
2. Name the most common extracranial and
intracrial complications of CSOM
3. What do you mean by Citelli’s abscess?
4. Define Gardenigo syndrome?

5. 1. Mastoiditis, thrombosis of internal jugular vein,
facial nerve paralysis, labyrinthitis, petrositis, otitis
externa, chronic adhesive otitis media
2. Mastoiditis (extra cranial), Brain abscess
(intracranial)
3. The abscess in the sheath of post. Belly of
digastric muscle.
4. It is a syndrome characterized by the discharging
ear, diplopia and severe retro orbital pain (headache)

6. 1. Name various unpaired laryngeal cartilages
2. Which structure acts as the only complete ring
in the whole tracheobroncial tree?
3. Name the intrisic muscle not innervated by
recurrent laryngeal nerve.
4. Define anterior commisure in the larynx.

7. 1. epilottis, throid and cricoid cartilages
2. Cricoid cartilage
3. Cricothyroid
4. The anterior meeting point of true vocal cords

8. 1. Name the instrument used in the above procedure.
2. Name any three structures seen through the
procedure.
3. In which part of pharynx this procedure is being
performed?
4. Define anteror rhinoscopy.

9. 1. Posterior rhinoscopy mirror
2. 1) posterior nares 2) adenoids 3) opening of
eustachian tube
3) nasopharynx
4) The method of examination of anterior part of nasal
cavity with the speculum:

10. 1. Name the condition shown in the diagram.
2. What is its other name?
3. Give any three clinical features.
4. Can tonsilectomy be done in quinsy with upperR.T
infcction?

11. 1. Quinsy
2. Peritonsillar abscess
3. 1) sore throat 2) hot potato voice 3) odynophagia
4. No

12. 1. How will you differentiate CSOM atticoantral
type and tubotympanic type on the basis of
discharge?
2. Give various symptoms of attico antral type
3. Define cholesteatoma.
4. What are various theories for cholesteatoma
formation?

13. 1. The dischare in tubotympanic type is thin, profuse,
mucopurulent neither blood stained nor foul smelling
while in atticoantral type it is thick, scanty, purulent,
blood stained and foul smelling
2. deafness, discharge, fever, malaise
3. It is a bag of stratified squamous epithelium
containing keratin debris and shed epithelium
4. mtaplasia theory, basal hyperplasia theory, congenital
cell rest theory, ingrowth of squamous cell theory and
retraction pocket theory

14. 1. Identify the picture.
2. What is the cause?
3. What are various complications?
4. How will you treat saddle nose deformity?

16. 1. Give the indications of tracheostomy in infants.
2. Give the immediate complications of tracheostomy.
3. Can tracheostomy be life long?
4. What are contraindications of tracheostomy in the
emergency?

17. 1. Subglottic hemangioma, subglottic
stenosis, laryngeal cyst, glottic web, bilateral
vocal cord paralysis.
2. bleeding, aspiration of blood, damage to
esophagus, damage to R.L nerve, apnea and
pnemothorax
3. Yes. Permanent tracheostomy

18. 1. Name the procedure in which above
instrument is used.
2. Write any three diagnostic indications.
3. How will you differentiate b/w bronchoscope
and esophagoscope?

19. 1. ESOPHAGOSCOPY
2. 1) TO FIND THE CAUSE OF DYSPHAGIA
2) TO FIND THE CAUSE OF HEMPTYSIS
3) TO FIND THE CAUSE OF RETROSTERNAL PAI
3. BRONCHOSCOPE HAS HOLES AT THE END
WHILE ESOPHAGOSCOPE HAS MARKINGS.

20. Diseases of Nose
1. Give the differential diagnosis of Watery rhinorreha.
2. How will you clinically differentiate septal hematoma
from septal abscess?
3. Name various diagnositic tests for congenital conal
atresia.
4. how will you differentiate coryza from allergic rhinitis
and other forms of rhinitis?

21. 1. Allergic rhinitis, vasomotor rhinitis, viral rhinitis,
CSF rhinorhea.
2. Septal abscess produces fever whereas it is
absent in septal hematoma
3. nasal patency test, catheter test, dye test, nasal
endoscopy, imaging studies
4. In allergic and vasomotor rhinitis the symptoms
appear in paroxysms and fever Is absent.