1. CS100: Fundamentals of ICT
Lecture 3
Samin Khaliq

2. Today’s Lecture
 Parts of a computer
 Basic operations of a computer

3. Parts of a computer
1. Hardware
2. Software
3. Users
4. Data

4. Parts of a computer

5. Parts of the Computer System
 Hardware
 Mechanical devices in the computer
 Anything that can be touched
 Software
 Tell the computer what to do
 Also called a program
 Thousands of programs exist

6. Parts of the Computer System
 Data
 Pieces of information
 Computer organize and present data
 Users
 People operating the computer
 Most important part
 Tell the computer what to do

7. The Information Processing Cycle
1. Input
2. Processing
3. Storage
4. Output

9. I. Essential Computer Hardware
• Hardware categorized into four types

10. I. Essential Computer Hardware
1. Input and Output Devices
2. Processing Devices
3. Memory Devices
4. Storage Devices

14. I. Essential Computer Hardware
 Input and output devices
 Allow the user to interact
 Input devices accept data
 Keyboard, mouse
 Output devices deliver data
 Monitor, printer, speaker
 Some devices are input and output
 Touch screens

16. I. Essential Computer Hardware
 Processing devices
 Brain of the computer
 Carries out instructions from the
program
 Manipulate the data
 Most computers have several processors
 Central Processing Unit (CPU)
 Processors made of silicon and copper

18. I. Essential Computer Hardware
 Memory devices
 Stores
data or programs
 Random Access Memory (RAM)
 Main Memory
 Volatile
 Stores current data and programs
 More RAM results in a faster system
 Read Only Memory (ROM)
 Permanent storage of programs
 Holds the computer boot directions

21. I. Essential Computer Hardware
 Storage devices
 Hold data and programs permanently
 Different from RAM
 Magnetic storage
 Floppy and hard drive
 Uses a magnet to access data
 Optical storage
 Compact Disk (CD) and Digital Video Disk
(DVD) drives
 Uses a laser to access data

22. HOW DOES EVERYTHING CONNECT TOGETHER?

23. CMOS Battery PCI Slots
IDE Connector
AGP Slot
Memory
Slots
CPU Socket
Connectors for
Integrated Peripherals

27. Motherboard chipset

30. ANY ESSENTIAL PIECE OF HARDWARE
LEFT?
WHAT DO YOU NEED TO TURN ON YOUR
COMPUTER?

32. If you need to send data
to other computers…

33. II. Software Runs The Machine
 Tells the computer what to do
 Reason people purchase computers
 Two types
1. System software
2. Application software

35. II. Software Runs the Machine
 System software
 Mostimportant software
 Operating system
 Windows 7
 Network operating system (OS)
 Windows Server 2003
 Utility
 Symantec AntiVirus

37. II. Software Runs the Machine
 Application software
 Accomplishes
a specific task
 Most common type of software
 MS Word
 Covers most common uses of computers

38. Computer
Computer
Hardware Software
CPU Memory I/O Etc. Application System
Software Software

40. III. Computer Data
 Stored using the binary number system
 Data can be organized into files
 Data
 The raw facts and figures that are processed into
information
 Information
 Data that has been summarized or otherwise
manipulated for use in decision making
 Processor converts Data into Information

41. Types of Data
 Numeric
 Record Daily Milk Expenses
 Sun 20 Rs
 Mon 30 Rs
 Tues 35 Rs
 Wed 23 Rs
 Thurs 34 Rs
 Fri 50 Rs
 Sat 30 Rs

42. Types of Data
 Numeric
 Processing Data
 Finding weekly expenditure on Milk
 Finding a Daily Average of milk expenditure
20,30,35,23, Find Total/
222/31.7
34,50,30 Average

43. Types of Data
 Text
 Raw:
one of the most important concepts students must understand is the
fundamental difference between data and information
 Processed (1): Formatted
“One of the most important concepts students must
understand is the fundamental difference between data and
information.”
 Processed (2): Words arranged alphabetically
“and between concepts data difference fundamental important
information is most must of one students the the understand”

44. Types of Data
 Image
 Raw
 Processed

45. Types of Data
 Image
 Other Examples
 Fingerprint Recognition
 Arrangement of your photo albums on PC

46. Types of Data
 Audio
 Raw: Conversation between people in cockpit of
aircraft and Flight Controller recorded in Black box
 Processed: In case of air crash, the recorded audio
will be converted to digital form, background noise
will be removed, and the clarity of speech will be
improved to assist investigators

47. Types of Data
 Video
 Raw: Old Black and White movies
 Processed: Black and white movie made colored
 Raw: Any Video in foreign language
 Processed: Dub it in Urdu

48.  So a computer is a device that takes data
and instructions and processes the data
into information as directed by the
instructions

49. IV. Computer users
 Role depends on ability
 Setup the system
 Install software
 Manage files
 Maintain the system
 Take advantage of the system
 “Userless” computers
 Run with no user input
 Automated systems

50. Userless computers

51. Layered view

52. Summary
 A computer is simply a device that computes,
taking some input, processing it, and producing
some output
 At a low (processor) level, computers are pretty
dumb and have to be told exactly what to do
 However, with intelligently written computer
programs, computers can behave quite
intelligently
 Computers can come in all sorts of forms, and
not just the types you may be familiar with

53. Acronyms
 PCI – Peripheral Component Interconnect
 AGP – Accelerated Graphics Port
 IDE – Integrated Drive Electronics
 CMOS – Complementary Metal–Oxide–
Semiconductor
 BIOS – Basic Input/Output System
 USB – Universal Serial Bus
 ISA – Industry Standard Architecture

54. Useful resources
 www.howstuffworks.com
 www.wikipedia.org