Chemistry- JIB Topic 2 Atoms, Ions and Nomenclature

History of Atomic Theory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Dalton’s Atomic Theory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

19 th & 20 th Centuries ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Charge Mass Position Proton +1 1 amu nucleus Neutron 0 1 amu nucleus Electron -1 1/1836 amu Outside nucleus

Periodic Table ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Mass Numbers are not integers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Radioactivity ,[object Object],[object Object]

Alpha α Beta β Gamma γ Helium nucleus Essentially electons Always products Electromagnetic radiation High energy High Frequency Charge +2 -1 0 Mass 4 1/1840 0 Movement To neg. plate To pos. plate None Penetration Least Stopped by paper Intermediate Stopped by lead or glass Greatest Thick layers of lead or concrete

Types of Radioactive Decay ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Radioactive Decay ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Radioactive Decay ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Radioactive Decay ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Radioactive Decay ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Half Life ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

it is easy to determine how much of a sample remains after a whole number of half lives it is more difficult to determine how much remains when a complete half life has not passed in order to do this, you need to apply two different equations ln N t /N o = -kt and k= 0.693/t 1/2 N t is the amount of substance left after a given time N o is the original amount of the substance t is the amount of time that has passed t 1/2 is the half life of the substance

Transmutation of Elements ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Mass Deficit (Mass Defect) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Predicting Stability ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Nuclear Fission vs. Fusion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Uses of Radioactivity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Molecules ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],H 2 , N 2 , O 2 , F 2 , Cl 2 , I 2 , Br 2 elements diatomic H 2 O compound polyatomic NH 3 compound polyatomic

Ions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Na + cation monoatomic Cl - anion monoatomic CO 3 2- anion polyatomic NH 4 + cation polyatomic

Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

HClO ClO - Hypochlorite Hypochlorous acid HClO 2 ClO 2 - Chlorite Chlorous acid HClO 3 ClO 3 - Chlorate Chloric acid HClO 4 ClO 4 - perchlorate Perchloric acid

Mass Spectrometer ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Chemistry- JIB Topic 2 Atoms, Ions and Nomenclature

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