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- 2. FISHER1
Explosions and large bubble letters are what first catches the viewer’s eye as
they scroll down their news feed on Facebook and other similar sites. The “Solar
Roadways” video is gaining recognition and views exponentially as it is shared to pages
and emails, an unusual topic to receive such a large following on social media, but is it
really that unusual? For years we as a people have recognized our dependency on
fossil fuels and the ever pressing knowledge that they’re running out, so it comes as no
surprise that we have supplied many efforts and much funding to the advancement of
efficiency in the storage and energy generation processes as well as alternate sources
of energy. For years we as a people have recognized our dependency on fossil fuels, and the ever
pressing knowledge that they’re running out. As a result, we have supplied much funding and focused
research on the advancement of the storage and energy generation processes. Some energy
generation alternatives being explored include wind power plants, solar energy, and
nuclear power, however are facing many difficulties in integration into mainstream. High
operation and repair costs are at the top of our list for these obstacles. Therefore in
order to improve these technologies’ we have focused a large amount of our time and
resources on their construction and efficiency.
One renewable energy source in recent years has pressed ahead of the pack
and received significant backing by the masses, solar energy, because of its efficiency,
unlimited power supply, and lack of harmful emissions. These reasons make it
environmentally friendly in our modern environment and health conscious society.
They’re also supported by the scientific community because of their material
components that are consistently being researched and are creating many new
opportunities. This combined interest in solar energy allows for fast development and
research into this newer undeveloped field.
Solar energy is most commonly applied in the form of solar cells that are
traditionally composed of an antireflective coating, emitter, base, and rear contact all of
which is connected to an external circuit. The cell itself is a circuit, with the emitter as
the negatively charged plate and the rear contact as the positive plate (4).
- 4. FISHER3
design options, as well as future applications so that the general public may be informed
and knowledgeable.
Previously discussed was how, generally, a solar cell operates and collects
energy from the photons emitted from the sun, and from that explanation it is easy to
deduce the importance of choosing the correct materials for each part. In this particular
examination the focus will be on the emitter and base materials. The emitter and base
parts are very similar in their comparisons to semiconductors and their ability to carry a
current. Semiconductors, as their name suggests, are materials with an electrical
conductivity that lies between that of an insulator and conductor.
Figure 2
(5)
It also has a full upper level of electron energy levels and narrow band gap, which is the
distance between the upper and lower level electron energy levels. The narrower the
band gap of of a semiconductor the easier it is for electrons to move from the upper to
the lower electron energy levels, and visa versa (6). The easier the electron movement
is, the easier it is for excited electrons to break the covalent bonds in the material which
allows for more electron movement, or electrical current conduction (7,8). With this
knowledge one can see that the band gap size can play a significant role in how
efficient the solar cells operate. Alongside the importance of the band gap size is the
efficiency of the semiconductors, especially in the cases of large solar panels, and
- 14. FISHER13
14.Green, Martin A, Keith Emery, Yoshihiro Hishikawa, and Ewan
Dunlop.Progress in Photovoltaics. 45th ed. Accelerated Publications, 2014. 1-9.
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Cells (DSSCs)." Lehrstuhl Für Feststoff- Und Grenzflächenverfahrenstechnik:
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<http://www.circuitstoday.com/thin-film-solar-cell>.
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<http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2002/solarcells/>.
18.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pip.2573/pdf
19."Menu." Solar Photovoltaic Costs Comments. Web. 26 Nov. 2015.
<https://sites.lafayette.edu/egrs352-sp14-pv/economics/costs/>.
20."Electric Generating Costs: A Primer - IER." IER. 22 Aug. 2012. Web. 26 Nov.
2015.
<http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/analysis/electric-generating-costs-a-pr
imer/>.
21."WebAccess." Penn State Secure Login:. Web. 26 Nov. 2015.
<http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezaccess.libraries.psu.edu/science/article/pii/
S0927024806003679?np=y>.
22.Web. 26 Nov. 2015.
<http://ac.els-cdn.com.ezaccess.libraries.psu.edu/S0301421508004552/1-s2.0
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b&acdnat=1448324822_2bb3307ac8e4c05eb255e3e2d687777b>
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502n