This document lists and describes the various pests that affect cocoa plants, including sap feeders like tea mosquito bugs, mealybugs, and aphids; leaf feeders such as loopers and hairy caterpillars; borers like the red borer and castor capsule borer; and vertebrate pests including rats, squirrels, monkeys, and cattle. It provides details on the damage each pest causes and recommended management methods like spraying recommended pesticides, pruning, trapping, or using poison bait to control the pests. Pests are estimated to damage 20% of cocoa crops for jungle cats and 35% total for all vertebrate pests. Timely harvest and clean cultivation are also
5. Tea Mosquito Bug
Helopeltis antonii
• Feeding puncture - circular water soaked spots - turn pitch black in color -
multiple feeding injuries-Deformation of pods.
• Neem Oil 3%
• spraying - Imidacloprid (0.6 ml/lit) , Thiamethoxam (0.6g/litre),
Profenophos (2 ml/litre)
6. Mealy Bugs
Paracoccus marginatus, Planococcoides sp. , Planococcus lilacinus, P. citri
• Damage : - Shoot tip
- Buds
- Flower cushions
- Cherelles
• Summer – Spindle leaves, spathes & bunches
• Symptoms – Yellowing - Dry up : Retarded growth, excessive branching at undesired
height - Abortion – Wilting of cherelles
• Neem Oil 3% or FORS 25g/litre
• Dimethoate (2 ml/litre) , Profenophos (2 ml/litre), Chlorpyriphos (5 ml/litre), Buprofezin
(2 ml/litre), Imidacloprid (0.6 ml/lit), Thiamethoxam (0.6g/litre)
7. Flattid Plant Hoppers
• Desapping - tender shoots and pods - honey dew - sooty mould
fungus on the leaves and pods.
• Management: Foliar application of Thiacloprid @ 2 ml/litre twice at
5 days interval
8. Aphids
Toxoptera aurantii and Aphis gossypii
• colonize - underside of tender leaves, succulent stem, flower buds
and small cherelles.
• Heavy infestation - during hot summer and after rainy season -
brings premature shedding of flowers and curling of leaves.
• Management : Spraying of dimethoate @ 2 ml per litre
9. Ash weevils
Myllocerus viridanus , M. maculosus
• Feed on the older leaves – underside- interveinal tissues –
skeletonized – growth retardation.
• Peak in July-September , more severe in coconut-cocoa system.
• Fenitrothion 0.05%, Quinalphos 0.025% or Fenthion 0.05%.
10. Hairy caterpillars
(Lymantriya sp., Euproctis sp., Dasychira sp.,)
• serious leaf damage on seedlings and young trees.
• Management: Foliar spray of acephate @ 2g/litre.
11. Stem Girdler
Sthenias grisator
• Female beetle - girdles the branches and inserts whitish spindle shaped
eggs singly into the tissue in a slanting manner.
• branches above the girdle wither and dry.
• Swab Coal tar + Kerosene @ 1:2
• Injection of dichlorvas + monocrotophos solution into bore holes - Clay
12. Stem Borer
Zeuzera coffeae
• Caterpillars – Bore the young branches – unramfied hollow tunnels
inside
• Round hole on the stem – drying up – excreta, frass strewn out on the
ground.
• Prune and destroy
• Smear the affected portion with Carbaryl 0.1 %
13.
14. Rats
Rattus rattus, Bandicota spp.
• Ripe pods - gnaw the bronzing pods near the stalk portion and
mucilaginous pulp is eaten.
• Inhabit the coconut palm crowns
• 10 g bromadiolone (0.005%) wax cakes / ripe banana stuffed with
carbofuran - branches - twice @ an interval of 10-12 days./ Frond of the
coconut
• Set up bamboo traps with bow attachment on the crown of palms.
16. Striped Squirrels
Funambulus tristriatus , Funambulus palmarum
• Gnaw the pod- oval hole at the center or terminal portion
• trapping with wooden or wire mesh single catch ‘live’ trap with ripe
coconut kernel as the bait.
• Right time harvest – bronzing
• Mechanical protection - covering with punched polybags (150
gauge) smeared with bitumen-kerosene mixture.
17. Palm Civet
Paradoxurus hermaphroditus
• Bite & Break @ terminal half / One side of the pod – Beans swollen as such.
• “Civet Cocoa”
• Trapping
• Poison bait – O.5 g of Carbofuran granules using ripe banana - 2/ trunk @ 5-
6 trees/ha.
