The document provides information about the CCNA certification process and overview. It discusses that the CCNA exam costs $150, has a 90 minute time limit, and consists of 55-65 questions in various formats. It also lists recommended study books. It then provides a detailed overview of each layer of the OSI model, describing the functions and responsibilities of the application, presentation, session, transport, network, data link, and physical layers.

2. CCNA Certification:-
Adaptive Testing
1 Paper : 150 US $ = Approx. Rs 7,500
Time Limit : 90 minutes
No. Questions : 55 – 65
Passing Score : 849/1000
Questions Format :
1. Single Choice
2. Multiple Choice
3. Drag & Drop
4. Fill in the Blanks
5. Router Simulations
6. Scenario Based

3. Books:-
• CCNA – Study Guide (640-801) by Richard Deal
TATA McGrawhill
OR
• CCNA – Intro (640-811) by Wendell Odom
Pearson Education (CiscoPress)
• CCNA – ICND (640-821) by Wendell Odom
Pearson Education (CiscoPress)
OR
• CCNA (640-801) by Wendell Odom
Pearson Education (CiscoPress)

4. CCNA Course Brief Overview:-
• OSI Layers
• IP Addressing & Subnetting
• Subnetting, VLSM & CIDR
• Initial Configuration &
Internal & External of Routers
• Wan Interface Configuration &
Static & Default Routing
• Dynamic Routing : RIP & IGRP
• Dynamic Routing : OSPF & EIGRP
• Access List - Standard, Extended & Named
• Switching
• VLAN – Virtual LAN
• Integrated Service Digital Network
• Frame- Relay

5. OSI Layers

6. OSI Model:-
• Before 1970 two different venders computer will
not communicate between each other.
• In the late 1970s the Open System Interconnection
(OSI) reference model was created by the
International organization for standardization
(ISO) to help different venders.

7. Advantages of OSI Layers:-
• It divides the network communication process in
to smaller and simpler components, thus easy to
adding component, development design and
troubleshooting.
• It allows multiple-vender development through
standardization of network component.
• Allows various types of network hardware and
software to communicate.

8. OSI Layers:-
• Application layer.
• Presentation layer.
• Session layer.
• Transport layer.
• Network layer.
• Data-link layer.
• Physical layer.

9. A B
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical

10. Application layer:-
• It is called as user interface layer or desktop layer.
• It provides user interface like TCP/IP applications
include telnet, FTP,HTTP,SMTP…….
• Port selection will takes place in this layer.
• Total no. of port= 0 – 65535.
Reserved port=0 – 1023.
Open client ports=1024 – 65535.

11. Presentation layer:-
• This layer is responsible for converting data in to
standard format. E.g. ASCII, EBCDIC, JPEG,
MPEG, BMP, MIDI, WAV, MP3 etc.
• This layer works as a translator and responsible
for following process:-
e.g Encoding – Decoding.
Encryption – Decryption.
Compression – decompression.

12. Session layer:-
• This layer is responsible for establishing
maintaining and terminating the sessions.
• This layer co-ordinates communication between
system and server to organize their
communication by offering three different modes:-
simplex, half duplex, full duplex.
• Session layer protocols:-
NFS, SQL, RPC, ASP.

13. A B
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
DATA
DATA
DATA

14. A B
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
DATA
DATA
DATA
Segment

15. Transport layer:-
• It is heart of OSI layer.
• It is responsible to give end-to-end connectivity.
• It provides both reliable (TCP)& unreliable (UDP)
transfer of data between networking devices.
• Task of Transport layer:-
- MUX-DEMUX.
- Segmentation.
- Sequencing.
- Reassembling.
- Error correction.
- Flow control.

16. TCP
• Transmission control
protocol.
• Reliable.
• Connection-oriented.
• Virtual circuit formed.
• Acknowledgments.
• Slower in speed.
• E.g. HTTP, FTP,
SMTP.
UDP
• User data gram
protocol.
• Unreliable.
• Connectionless.
• No virtual circuit
formed.
• No acknowledgments.
• E.g. DHCP, TFTP

17. A B
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
DATA
DATA
DATA
Segment

18. A B
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
DATA
DATA
DATA
Segment
Packet

19. Network layer:-
• Network layer is responsible for providing best
path for data (packet) to reach destination.
• Logical addressing works on this layer.
• Router is network layer device.
• Two types of protocols run in this layer (router).
1. Routed Protocols.
E.g. IP, IPX, AppleTalk.
2. Routing protocols.
E.g. RIP, IGRP, EIGRP, OSPF etc.

20. A B
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
DATA
DATA
DATA
Segment
Packet

21. A B
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
DATA
DATA
DATA
Segment
Packet
Frame

22. Data-link layer:-
• Physical addressing works in this layer.
• This layer takes bits from physical layer and
reassembling them in to the original data-link
layer frame.
• Error detection takes place in this layer by using
CRC (cyclic redundancy check).
• Switches, Bridges, NICs are data-link layer
devices.
• WAN protocols like ISDN, Frame-relay, PPP are
working in this layer.

23. A B
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
DATA
DATA
DATA
Segment
Packet
Frame

24. A B
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
DATA
DATA
DATA
Segment
Packet
Frame
BITs

25. Physical layer:-
• This layer is responsible for the physical
mechanism of network connection, which is
electrical, mechanical and procedural ckts.
• Hubs, Repeaters, Cables & modems are physical
layer devices.
• Transmission will takes place in BITs.
• Types of cables:-
- Copper cable
- Fiber cables

26. A B
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
DATA
DATA
DATA
Segment
Packet
Frame
BITs
DATA
DATA
DATA
Segment
Packet
Frame
BITs