2. 42 y.o. male construction worker who
sustained a low back sprain/strain
injury on the job while lifting and
twisting a 60 lb load.
(the 3rd injury to his back)
His medical history is NEGATIVE for
any contributing factors including the
absence of any known spinal disease.
3. SUBJECTIVE
10/10 back pain initially, reduced
to 6/10 (max) – 2/10 (best)
Avg. pain (w/ pain meds): 3-4/10
Pt. reports occasional pain
shooting down his R leg to his
toes, but no loss of sensation
Pt. reports that he does not do
any regular exercise
Pt. stated he did not receive lifting
training (except 5 minute verbal
instruction “years ago”)
OBJECTIVE
Pt. is slightly overweight and
presents with a slightly foreword
flexed posture
Lumbar spine shifted to the left
Significant tenderness and edema
in bilateral lumbar paraspinals
(right > left), and R gluts
Multiple trigger points in R gluts
Palpation of trigger points reproduces
radiating pain down R posterior leg
Unable to test core muscles due
to pain
Pt. only able to isometrically contract
rectus abdominus
4. OBJECTIVE (CONT’D)
Myotomal and neuro screens of
LE are negative
Slump and SLR tests are positive
for reproducing pain
Tight hamstrings noted during
SLR test:
L LE: 0 – 40 degrees of hip
flexion
R LE: 0 – 50 degrees of hip
flexion
Lumbar AROM:
FF: -7 17 degrees
Limited by pain and
deviates to the L
Ext: +7 0 degrees (neutral)
Limited by pain
SB L: 15 degrees
SB R: 5 degrees (pain)
RR: 15 degrees
RL: 5 degrees (pain)
5. Question #1:
Paraspinal muscular hypertrophy &
acute inflammation (poor lifting
technique + lack of abdominal bracing)
Poor lifting technique, exponentially
increases the force exerted on the spine
Rotation of the spine under this force caused
a lumbar strain/sprain
Inflammation radiating pain down sciatic
nerve root
Left AIC Pattern
Shelly
Alex
What do you think are the most likely
anatomical causes of his back and RLE pain
based on his clinical exam? Why?
6. Question #2:
E-Stim
Thermotherapy
Traction
Myofascial Release
Trigger Point Dry Needling
Active Release Techniques
Shelly
Alex
What modalities would you choose and what
settings/parameters to reduce edema, pain, or
both?
9. MFR
Highly specialized stretching technique used for a
variety of soft tissue problems
10. What is dry
needling?
What is a Trigger
Point?
11. ART
Similar to deep tissue
massage but uses the
patient’s natural body
mechanics to break up
adhesions and to
stretch tissue
12. Question #3:
Contraindication: Acute Inflammatory
Phase
Redness, edema, warmth of skin
Wait at least 72 hours post-injury
Traction could be beneficial for this patient
and reduce his pain by:
Soft Tissue Stretching
Muscle Relaxation
Ryan
Jesse
What traction setting would you use and why?
If you decide not to use traction, then why
would you not use it?
13. Settings:
Static traction (inflammation)
Supine w/ hip flexion
25% pts body weight (initially)
Increased distance between
vertebral bodies/facet joints
Increases length of soft tissues
in the area
Increases spinal ROM
Relaxation of the paraspinal
muscles
Decreases pain
14. P: 130 people (20-60 years of age) with chronic nonspecific LBP that were
referred for fitness-for-work evaluation to measure their physical ability to
safely engage in work-related activities
I : Waddle signs (Questionnaire)
8 physical signs to assess psychological factors that could negatively affect
performance of lifting activities
C: Functional Capacity Evaluation (FCE)
Determined the level of effort utilizing predetermined observational criteria
3 FCE lifting tests (floor to waist, waist to shoulder, horizontal lifting)
O: 53%-63% of participants who exhibited submaximal effort during FCE
tests also presented with Waddell signs. The contribution of submaximal
effort to an unsafe performance was greater than that of Waddell signs,
with a 20%-29% higher explained variance. Therefore, Waddell signs
should not be used independently to analyze an individuals ability to safely
engage in work-related activities.
15. Question #4:
Poor Lifting = Low Back Pain
Types and Causes
How to avoid these injuries
Proper lifting techniques and proper body
mechanics
Compressive forces on the disc
Ryan
Jesse
What would you teach him initially about
lifting and body mechanics? Write out a brief
script.
19. Standing: 100% of BW
Supine: < 25%
Side-lying: < 75%
Standing and bending
forward: ~ 150%
Supine with both knees
flexed: < 35%
Seated in a flexed position:
~ 85%
Bending forward in a flexed
posture and lifting: ~ 275%
20. Question #5:
Myofascial Release
Active Release Technique
Dry Needling for trigger point release
Ice cup massage to paraspinals
Good for small area
Decrease Pain and edema
SLR with distraction
Stretch soft tissues of the acetabulo-femoral
joint, as well as the hip extensors
Josh C
Rene
What manual therapy techniques could or
would you use to address the pain, edema
and trigger points? Why did you choose
these techniques?
21. Patient Position: supine, close to edge of
table. Hip is flexed to loose-packed
position, keeping knee extended
(decrease hip flexion if symptoms
reproduced)
Therapist Position: staggered stance,
applying force to increase dorsiflexion
and to maintain knee extension
Mobilization: therapist applies a force
away from the patient’s hip for
traction/distraction (Grade III)
(Hensley, C.P. & Courtney, C.A, 2014)
22. Question #6:
SF-36 / SF-12
Roland-Morris Questionnaire (RMQ)
Oswestry Low Back Paid Disability
Questionnaire
Patient-Specific Measures
Functional Capacity Evaluations (FCEs)
ROM
Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) scores
Josh C
Rene
What outcome measures/tools could you use
to follow his care and why could you use
them?
23. Subdivided into 2
separate health
constructs
Measures 8 different
health concepts
Self-administered
SF-12 is an
abbreviated version
24. Most widely tested of
all disease-specific
measures
Consists of 24
questions
Scored on a scale of
0-24
25. Self-administered
Takes 5 mins to
complete
Includes 10 sections
Sections scored from 0-5
First developed in 1980
26. Patient selects up to
5 main activities
which they find
difficult
Asked to rate ability
to complete the
activity on an 11
point scale
Takes about 15 mins
27. Highly specific to
individual’s job tasks
To identify risk factors
associated with a
particular job or activity
Administered to a
patient recovering from
injury before returning to
work
28. To identify and set goals
based on measurements
Identify where limitations
are
Puts a reproducible
number that can be used
to evaluate progress
29. Identifies which muscles
are weak
Identifies compensatory
patterns
Sets up interventions for
muscles with limitations
Reproducible evaluation
to track progress
30. Question #7:
SLR stretch
Nerve glides
Stretch HS
Balance exercises
To increase abdominal
strength and control
Tandem & single leg
stance (advanced with
airex)
Stretching on Foam Roll
Decrease kyphosis of
thoracic spine, retract
shoulder girdles, PPT
Add marching = balance
exercise
Erica
Monique
Describe at least three exercises in detail that
you would teach him early on in his therapy.
Why did you choose these three exercises?
31. He is cleared for full duty but you sense he is
not ready and have the supervising PT do a
reevaluation which shows continued core
weakness, that the patient still does NOT know
his lifting techniques without prompting, and he
still needs reminders about what exercises to
do. The PT gets the doctor to order a few more
sessions.
32. Question #8:
Advanced Exercises
“Proximal Stability for Distal Mobility”
Stabilization Training
Flexibility
Cardiovascular conditioning
Postural Restoration Institute (PRI)
exercises
Erica
Monique
What advanced exercises would you choose
at this point? Describe them and the rationale
for using them.
36. P: 42 y.o. male with low back sprain/strain
and history of mild back pain
I: Standard physical therapy integrated with
PRI exercises
C: Standard physical therapy with IFC,
Aquatic Therapy
O: Using the Oswestry Disability Index for
comparison: IFC = 2.5% improvement,
Aquatic = 11% improvement, Standard with
PRI = 40% improvement
37. 90/90 Hip Lift
With hip shift
Right side lying left
adductor pull-back
Left side lying knee-
toward-knee
38.
39. P: 101 sets of monzygotic (identical) twins (202 men, avg. age = 49.35)
with a history of LBP
I : Behavioral, environmental, and constitutional factors leading to
paraspinal asymmetry
C: Genetic Link of paraspinal asymmetry
O: 57.92% of participants had erector spinae muscle asymmetry. This
asymmetry was found to be associated with handedness and the greater
CSA was found on the dominant side (usually the right). Greater asymmetry
was not always associated with greater LBP and there was a lack of
statistically significant data linking asymmetry and/or LBP with specific
factors that were investigated. The results did suggest that greater exercise
and sports participation may decrease the likelihood of paraspinal
asymmetry. It is unclear what accounted for the large portion of
unexplained variance in muscle asymmetry, but some degree of asymmetry
may be a naturally occurring phenomenon in human anatomy
40. The human body is not symmetrical
Ex: Asymmetry of the diaphragm
PRI recognizes anatomical imbalances and
typical patterns associated with system
disuse, or weakness that develops because of
dominant side overuse (usually Right)
When these imbalances are not regulated, a
strongly favored pattern emerges (Left AIC =
most common)
Structural weaknesses
Instabilities
Musculo-skeletal pain syndromes
Gait/Postural Deviations
41. Difficulty rotating to one or both sides
Elevated anterior ribs on the LEFT
Influencing breathing patterns
Lowered, depressed shoulder and
chest on the RIGHT
LEFT pelvic is anteriorly tipped and
forwardly rotated
Excessive hypertrophy of right lower
back muscle
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Notes de l'éditeur
Used in “Management of a Patient with Chronic Low Back Pain and Multiple Health conditions Using a Pain mechanisms-based classification approach