On 22 September City of Trees hosted a free seminar which aimed to inform and inspire attendees to think about innovative urban greening initiatives in our cities and towns.

1. Thursday 22
September
Manchester City
Football Academy
The Essential role of trees and green infrastructure (GI)
Supported by:

2. Steve Connor, CEO of Creative Concern
Welcome by the Chair
Join in the
conversation! Tweet
#CoTseminar
@cityoftrees

3. City of Trees is an innovative and exciting
movement set to re-invigorate Greater
Manchester’s landscape by transforming
underused, unloved woodland and planting a
tree for every man, woman and child who lives
there, within a generation.
City of Trees – who are we?
We plan to plant 3m trees
over the next generation

4. City of Trees – what have
we achieved so far?

5. At it’s heart City of Trees is a movement and in
order to realise our vision and ambitious goals
we need companies, organisations, community
groups and public sector bodies from across
Greater Manchester to come together.
City of Trees – you can be part of it

6. Dr Kathy Wolf, University of Washington
Trees and Nearby Nature: Essential for place-
making and vital for prosperous cities
Keynote speaker

7. Trees & Nearby Nature: essential for
place-making and vital, prosperous cities
Kathleen Wolf, Ph.D.
Research Social Scientist
University of Washington (Seattle)
School of Environmental and Forest Sciences
Place Making and Prosperous Cities Seminar
Manchester City Training Academy
22 September 2016

8. Landscape
Community
Garden
credit: American Planning Association

9. Trees as Place-Makers

10. urban forestry and urban greening
‘metro nature’
economic values to communities
property values

11. Forest/Resource
Economics 101

12. Economic Value of Metro Nature
Methods Challenges
Forest Products
= market goods
excludable
identifiable ownership
expenses-revenues
= profits
Trees/Green in Cities
= public goods
non-excludable
multiple “owners”
expenses-returns?
-profits?

13. Yard & Street Trees
Value
Increase Condition
2% mature yard trees (greater than 9-inch dbh)
3% larger street trees (up to 100’ away)
3-5% trees in front yard landscaping
6-9% good tree cover in a neighborhood
10-15% mature trees in high-income
neighborhoods
multiple studies:
Green Cities: Good Health > Local Economics

14. Parks & Open Space
proximate principle (John Crompton, Texas A&M)
Value
Increase Condition
10% inner city home located within 1/4 mile of
a park
17% home near cleaned-up vacant lot
20% home adjacent to or fronting a passive
park area
32% residential development adjacent to
greenbelts

15. Local Government Benefits
Civic Investment – Public Goods
like schools, emergency response, roads
 street trees average positive effect
on house values
 added up across Portland, Oregon
 yields a total value of $1.35 billion
 potentially increasing annual
property tax revenues $15.3 million
Donovan & Butry. 2010. Landscape and Urban Planning

16. urban forestry and urban greening
‘metro nature’
economic values to communities
retail centers

17. Trees & Retail Environments Research
Wolf, K.L. 2005. Business District Streetscapes, Trees, and
Consumer Response. Journal of Forestry 103, 8: 396-400.

18. • Research Questions •
trees and visual quality?
trees and consumer behavior?
trees and product pricing?
• Methods:
mail out/in surveys
national or local sample
residents/nearby city residents
partners: U of Washington, NGOs, business organizations
funded by USDA Forest Service
Trees & Shopper Environments Research

19. Image Categories (sorted by ratings)
Full Canopy
mean 3.63
Pocket Parks
mean 3.72
(highest)
Scale : 1=not at all,
5=like very much, 26
images

20. Intermittent
Trees
2.78
Enclosed
Sidewalk
3.32

21. No Trees
mean 1.65
(lowest)
(high - 3.72)

22. Place Marketing
Relationship
Marketing3. Product Pricing
• higher willingness to pay for all
types of goods
• higher in districts with trees – 9-12%
1. Place Perceptions
• Place Character
• Interaction with Merchants
• Quality of Products
2. Patronage Behavior
• travel time, travel distance
• duration & frequency of visits
• willingness to pay for parking

23. social science of
consumer behavior
‘atmospherics’

24. retail & place
marketing
“Companies stage
an experience when
they engage
customers in a
memorable way.”

25. summary
urban forests =
human habitat
studies of trees in business districts
perception, preference & behavior
design & place messaging/identity
customer relationships
deeproot.com

26. urban forestry and urban greening
‘metro nature’
economic values to communities
human health & wellness

27. WHO health definition
a state of complete
physical, mental, and social well-being
and not merely the absence
of disease or infirmity (1946)
science & evidence re: environment
role of ‘metro nature’?
not a panacea, but important!

28. Determinants of Health

29. evidence about
human wellness & ‘nearby nature’

30. Green Cities: Good Health
Sponsors:
USDA Forest Service, U&CF Program
University of Washington
NGO partners
thanks!
to U of WA students:
Katrina Flora
Mary Ann Rozance
Sarah Krueger
www.greenhealth.washington.edu
research review & summaries

32. 32
urban nature & health benefits across the life cycle

33. 33
Urban Forests and Newborns
the urban natural environment and
pregnancy outcomes . . .
10% increase in tree-canopy cover
within 50m of a house
= lower number of low weight births
(1.42 per 1000 births)
Donovan et al., Health & Place, 2011; similar studies in
Lithuania, Vancouver B.C., Munich, Tel Aviv Israel, Spain

34. 34
America’s State of Mind, Medco Health Solutions, Inc
Change in % Population on
ADHD Treatments
2001 - 2010

35. 35
ADHD and nature contact
 96 children aged 7-12
diagnosed ADD or ADHD
 Parents gave postactivity
attentional functioning
ratings (PAAF) –
4 measures:
 Can’t stay focused on unappealing
tasks (homework or chores)
 Can’t complete tasks
 Can’t listen and follow directions
 Easily distracted
Faber Taylor. 2001. Environment & Behavior

36. 36
Trees & Crime Reduction
 trees in the public right of
way are associated with
lower crime rates
 smaller, view obstructing
trees are associated with
increased crime
 larger trees are associated
with reduced crime
Donovan & Prestemon. 2012.
Environment and Behavior

37. 10% increase in tree canopy
~ 12% decrease in crime
Troy, et al. 2011. The relationship between tree canopy and
crime rates across an urban–rural gradient in the greater
Baltimore region. Landscape and Urban Planning

38. Improving Depression
20 adults with major depression
walk in a park setting and an urban setting
 50-minute walks one week apart
 before-after testing:
 Mood: Positive and Negative Affect (PANAS)
 Cognition: Backward Digit Span (BDS)
Berman et al. 2012. Journal of Affective Disorders
cognitive and affective
improvements after
walking in a
nature setting

39. • Shorter stays
• Less pain
• Fewer minor
complications
• Better emotional
well-being
Effects of nature window view
on recovery from surgery (Roger Ulrich, 1984)

40. Massachusetts
General Hospital
credit: Frank Oudeman

41. • What are the benefits?
• Who experiences nature and gets benefits?
• What is the green condition or situation that
provides benefits?
• Scale of value question (i.e., community,
province/state, nation)
• What are the costs/income gained/lost
associated with these benefits?
Economic Valuation of
Health Outcomes

42. Potential Annual Cost Savings and Increased
Income Associated with Human Health and
Well-being Benefits Derived from Metro Nature
Millions of U.S. Dollars (2012)
Wolf, K.L., M.K. Measells, S.C. Grado, A.S.T. Robbins. 2015. Economic values of
metro nature health benefits: A life course approach. Urban Forestry and Urban
Greening.

43. Conclusions
• Nearby trees & nature in cities & towns
is essential!
• Economic benefits – property value &
retail behavior
• Nature supports disease prevention &
health promotion for people of all ages
• Evidence? Green Cities: Good Health
• Many more studies underway . . . . .

44. www.naturewithin.info

45. Stephen O’Malley, Director, Civil Engineers
Green Infrastructure & The movement of people
and water
Speaker

139. Question time
?
?
?
?
?
Don’t forget to join in
the conversation
online too!
Tweet #CoTseminar
@cityoftrees

140. This seminar is supported by:
Break
Please return and be seated by 11am

141. Dean Bowie, CEO, GreenBlue Urban
Essential Space for Trees below and above ground
Speaker

143. Soil
Compaction
and Utilities
Soil Volume
and Quality
Tree
Aeration
WSUDS
Arborflow
Tree Irrigation Case Studies
Root
Management
RootSpace
Areas covered:

144. Projected canopy area x 0.6m
Soil volume
and quality

145. Soil
compaction
“Soil compaction - the biggest issue with landscape soils”
Tim O'Hare – soil scientist

146. Utilities
Make the
impossible
possible
with cells

147. RootSpace
THE NEXT GENERATION SOIL
SUPPORT SYSTEM

148. Root
Management
Kings Cross Station:
Used as a membrane
between tunnel and
roots

149. Tree
irrigation
Sainsbury’s
laboratory:
Evenly distributed
water around the
rootball

150. Tree
aeration
Anaerobism:
“Immediate and major
problem that can cause tree
failure”
The Landscape Journal –
Fundamentals of tree pit soils

151. WSUDS
Arborflow
Arborflow 100
Series

152. WSUDS Case Study:
Goldhawk Road,
London

153. Shared Space Case Study:
Leonard Circus,
Shoreditch

154. Thank you.

155. Pete Bradshaw, Director of Estate Development
at Manchester City Football Club
Why a world class sporting facility needed world
class infrastructure
Speaker

156. Pete Bradshaw
Director of Estates Development
Any Wintry Afternoon in England
CRW Nevinson
Courtesy: Manchester City Art Gallery
THE ESSENTIAL ROLE OF TREES AND GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE (GI)
City of Trees seminar
City Football Academy
22 September 2016

157. © Manchester City
Planning for City
Football Academy
began in 2008
creating:
• A positive
working and
training
environment
• A major
regenerative
project
• Building on the
theme of Street
to Stadium
Initial layout plan : 2008
Planning for our new academy
Initial Plan : 2008

158. © Manchester City
Consultation across
staff, players, local
people and fans was
critical to the
planning of our new
academy
The Club researched
92 of the world’s
leading sports
Academies to
understand best
practice and to
ensure sustainable
development
Planning for our new academy
Consultation engaged over 7000 people

159. © Manchester City
Planning for our new academy
The site in its former life
Over 200 years of
industry had
occupied the site
prior to City Football
Academy
The last major
occupation was
heavy industry and
chemicals (dye
stuffs) production –
mainly via Clayton
Aniline
At its height, over
60,000 people
worked in east
Manchester industry

160. © Manchester City
Planning for our new academy
Changing places
The main entrance of
Clayton Aniline of
Ashton New Road
The site was active
and productive into
the late 1980s

161. © Manchester City
Planning for our new academy
All but gone…
By the early years of
the new century,
Clayton Aniline and
much of the local
industry had gone –
and with it most of
the local
employment
The area was left
with challenging
ground conditions
and the scars of
former buildings and
industry

162. © Manchester City
Planning for our new academy
Remediation
A major programme
of remediation
began
Some 84 acres of
heavy and varied
pollution
All remediation was
addressed on site
with reuse central to
the programme

163. © Manchester City
Planning for our new academy
Site preparation
From flooded
basements to ground
levelling. From
understanding galligu
to stabilising
benzines, it was
critical to ensure that
the site could host
the activities and
people of the Club
and provide a
suitable and healthy
base of grasses,
hedgerow, trees and
associated wildlife

164. © Manchester City
Developing our new academy
Sustainable options….
Apart for the need
for trees and
hedgerow etc, the
Club realised that
sustainability must
extend to its use of
water and energy
The inclusion of a
sustainable energy
centre, an 8m litre
rainwater harvesting
reservoir and aces to
a site spring have
been important
contributions

165. © Manchester City
Developing our new academy
Local engagement
The importance of
local people is critical
in all out planning
and actions
• 86% local
procurement
• 70% local
employment
• 96 apprentices
• all with onward
options
• 14,000 hours of
training
• Engaged local
schools and colleges

166. © Manchester City
Developing our new academy
The green edges
Appointing Planit IE,
the Club sought to
make a significant
local environmental
and regenerative
boundary change for
east Manchester and
the city
It was critical to
replace brick walls
and concrete with
green routes and
avenues
• 2000 mature trees
• 3km of hedgerow
• c60 acres of grasses

167. © Manchester City
Developing our new academy
Public realm
Alongside the need
to create secure
boundaries, ensure
privacy and create
noise barriers, the
softer, public-facing
edges are important
too

168. © Manchester City
Developing our new academy
A new home for more than just football…
In line with
Manchester City
Council’s biodiversity
strategy – and
Manchester Green
Corridor – it has
been important to
create spaces and
places where wildlife
can thrive
• Moths
• Butterflies
• Bats
• Bees
• Birds
• Dormice (?)
• …..

169. © Manchester City
Living in our new academy
Trees that fit
City Football
Academy is a an
active and busy site
The trees and natural
infrastructure work
well with the Club’s
day-to-day activities
and business
The scale and
placements work
well creating privacy
where needed and
an outward facing
boundary that is well
received

170. © Manchester City
Living in our new academy
Forming new habitats
Albeit early days, the
regular sighting of a
wide variety of bird
life, insects and
colourful creatures
provides confidence
in the investment
and in the future of
the site and Campus

171. © Manchester City
Living in our new academy
The academy has
realised some major
buildings to provide
a practical and
functioning home for
the Club’s players,
scholars and staff
Managed grass,
natural boundaries
and wild grasses are
thriving side-by-side

172. © Manchester City
Living in our new academy
It’s a good start…
There is absolute
understanding that
there is much to do
That the work to
date has just
provided a base from
which we need to
work, to maintain
best practice and to
encourage further
opportunities in
natural landscape
and public realm…
…it’s a better outlook
for which we care

173. © Manchester City
Living in our new academy
Initial Plan : 2008
Our core business is
football
We need to manage
our pitches and grass
in the best possible
way – for high
quality, for maximum
use and to achieve
best practice in
sustainability
We continue to learn
and to share
knowledge and we
have dedicated and
committed
professionals in
Grounds and
Landscape

174. © Manchester City
Our academy
2016
City Football
Academy in 2016
provides a base for
over 800 scholars,
first team and EDS
for a leading
women’s team and a
working base for the
Club and Group
There is a thriving
community leisure
and education hub
and the Campus is
one of the world’s
leading sports
districts seen by
millions week-in
week-out

175. © Manchester City

176. Question time
?
?
?
Don’t forget to join
in the conversation
online too!
Tweet
#CoTseminar
@cityoftrees

177. Steve Connor, Chair
Closing remarks
Tweet your thoughts!
#CoTseminar
@cityoftrees

178. 12:00 – 12:30pm – Visit to Manchester City Football Academy’s
impressive landscape scheme (pre-booked people ONLY)
Thankyou

179. This seminar has been supported by: