3. Top Level Domain (TLD)
• In any DNS name, the rightmost word represents domain at the highest
level in DNS tree, called a toplevel domain.
• Top level domains functions as registrars for the domains at second
level.
• Ex. mycorp.com uses top level domain “com” and registered the name
“mycorp”.
4. Different types of TLDs
• Generic TLDs: Generic TLDs (gTLDs) encompass some of the more common
domain names seen on the web, such as ‘.com’, ‘.net’, and ‘.org’. The Internet
Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) used to heavily
restrict the creation of new gTLDs, but in 2010 these restrictions were relaxed.
Now there are hundreds of lesser-known gTLDs, such as ‘.top’, ‘.xyz’, and
‘.loan’.
• Country-code TLDs: Country-code TLDs (ccTLDs) are reserved for use by
countries, sovereign states, and territories. Some examples are ‘.uk’, ‘.au’
(Australia), and ‘.jp’ (Japan). The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
(IANA), which is run by ICANN, is in charge of picking appropriate
organizations in each location to manage ccTLDs.
5. Cont..
• Sponsored TLDs: These TLDs typically represent professional, ethnic, or
geographical communities. Each sponsored TLD (sTLD) has a delegated
sponsor that represents that community. For example, ‘.app’ is a TLD intended
for the developer community, and it is sponsored by Google. Similarly, ‘.gov’ is
intended for use by the U.S. government, and is sponsored by the General
Services Administration.
• Infrastructural TLDs: This category only contains a single TLD: ‘.arpa’.
Named for DARPA, the U.S. military research organization that helped pioneer
the modern Internet, ‘.arpa’ was the first TLD ever created and is now reserved
for infrastructural duties, such as facilitating reverse DNS lookups.
6. Cont..
• Reserved TLDs: Some TLDs are on a reserved list, which means they are
permanently unavailable for use.
• For example, ‘.localhost’ is reserved for local computer environments, and
‘.example’ is reserved for use in example demonstrations.
7. Seven top-level domains:
Original top-level domain Original meaning of the domain ending
.com Open domain for commercial web offers
.org Open TLD for non-profit organizations
.net Open address for Internet service providers
.int Strictly limited extension for internationally operating companies,
organizations, and programs
.edu Domain intended for trade schools and universities
.gov Domain for US government institutions
.mil TLD available only to departments, services, and agencies of the U.S.
Department of Defense
9. What is a domain name?
• In the most basic sense, a website domain name is the address of a website
online, just like your home address. If you want people to find your home, you
give them a combination of letters and numbers that allow people to pinpoint
your location. Domain names work in the exact same way. If the internet is a
massive neighborhood, and websites are homes, domain names are the
addresses printed on curbs or houses.
• Domain names are also unique; there are no two that are identical, on the
internet. While the same address might exist for two homes that exist in two
neighboring counties, the internet is basically one big, cohesive neighborhood.
Because there is no duplication of domain names, each domain name is both
special and valuable.
10. Second Level Domain(SLD)
• A Second Level Domain (SLD) is the part of the domain name that is located
right before a Top Level Domain (TLD).
• It is directly below a Top Level Domain.
• It refer to the organization that registered the domain name with a domain name
registrar.
• Some domain name registries introduce a second level hierarchy to a TLD that
indicates the type of entity intended to register an SLD under it.
11. Reserved second level domains
• The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) reserved three domain
names to be used as examples for anyone who wants to illustrate the various
elements of a domain name. In all likelihood, they will never be made publicly
available and will remain in their current state.
• These three reserved domains are as follows:
• example.org
• example.net
• example.com
12. Second Level Domain Do’s And Don’ts
• Before you register your dream second level domain, there are a few things you
should keep in mind. These quick tips can help you retain ownership of your
site and make sure that you generate as much traffic as possible.
• Remember to renew your registration. When you first register your domain, you
have the option to register it for up to 10 years. It’s impossible to register it
indefinitely. Make sure that you’ve secured it for the amount of time you need,
and renew it when that time is up. If there is any gap between the time your
ownership expires and the time you seek to renew, someone else may be able to
legally acquire the domain. To avoid any issues, it’s best to set your account to
auto-renew within your account management dashboard.
• Avoid using numbers, abbreviations, or dashes in your business name. While
it’s possible, they don’t make for a website name that’s easy to remember.
13. Second-level Indian Domains
• .co.in (intended for banks, registered companies, and trademarks)
• .com.in (available to anyone; used by companies, individuals, and organisations
in India)
• .firm.in (intended for shops, partnerships, liaison offices, sole proprietorships)
• .net.in (intended for Internet service providers)
• .org.in (intended for nonprofit organisations)
• .gen.in (intended for general/miscellaneous use)
• .ind.in (intended for individuals)
14. Zones reserved for use by qualified
institutions in India
• .ernet.in (Older, for both educational and research institutes).
• .ac.in (Academic institutions)
• .edu.in (Educational institutions)
• .res.in (Indian research institutes)
• .gov.in (Indian government)
• .mil.in (Indian military organisations)
16. What is Sub Domain?
• A subdomain is a domain that is a part of a larger domain under the Domain Name
System (DNS) hierarchy. It is used as an easy way to create a more memorable
Web address for specific or unique content with a website.
• For example, it could make it easier for users to remember and navigate to the
picture gallery of a site by placing it in the address gallery.mysite.com, as opposed
to mysite.com/media/gallery. In this case, the subdomain is gallery.mysite,
whereas the main domain is mysite.com.
• A subdomain is also known as a child domain.
19. Uses of sub domain
• Organizing website content according to category, i.e., gallery.mysite.com,
faq.mysite.com and store.mysite.com
• Sharing the allotted domain space with other users by providing them subdomains
and their own username and password with varying levels of feature access. For
example, admin.mysite.com, user1.mysite.com and guest.mysite.com
• Shortening long links and making them easy to remember. For example, the link
"http://mysite.com/offers/bonus/referal_id^56$#9?.asp" can be placed into the
subdomain "referral.mysite.com" to make it easier to navigate and remember.
20. How to create sub domain ?
Step 1 : Name your subdomain.
Step 2 : Log into your cPanel.
21. Step 3 : Navigate to and enter your subdomain.
22. Step 4 : Create a new DNS record.
Step 5 : Click Create and wait for your subdomain to resolve.
