This presentation covers the following topics: - Current and potential hard coat applications - Description of products tested and their attributes - Taber haze and Taber abrasion resistance - Weathering resistance - Barrier properties of a typical hard coat formulation - Polyurethane dispersion products (PUDs) You can visit Sartomer at Sartomer.com and follow them on Twitter @SartomerGlobal and on LinkedIn.

1. Radiation-Curable Components and
Their Use in Hard, Scratch-Resistant
Coating Applications

2. Presentation Topics of Discussion
! Current and potential hard coat applications.
! Description of products tested and their attributes.
! Taber haze and Taber abrasion resistance
● Surface scratch resistance
● Abrasion resistance (bulk properties)
! Weathering resistance as a function product type and film
thickness.
! Barrier properties (substrate protection) of a typical hard coat
formulation.
● Influence that the addition of HALS and absorbers have on
weathering resistance and barrier property performance.
! Polyurethane Dispersion Products (PUDs)
● Overall performance properties
● Abrasion resistance study
2

3. Typical Abrasion Resistant Applications
! Automotive & Architectural
Window Film
! Interior and Exterior
Automotive Parts
! Sporting Goods Including
Skis, Snow Boards, Surf
Boards & Golf Balls
! Helmets Visors and
Goggles
! Ophthalmic Lens
! Cell Phones
! CD & DVDs
3

4. Highly Functional Urethane Acrylate
Oligomers for Hard Coats
Attributes & Test Results
4

5. Weathering Resistant Urethane Acrylate Structure
O
H
NO
H
N
OO
H
N O
O
H
NO
O
Polyol
R
O
R
O
Di-isocyanate Di-isocyanate Acrylating GroupAcrylating Group
l Aliphatic Di-isocyanate
l Polyester Polyol
5

6. Hard Coat Oligomers, Attributes & Hardness Test Results
Oligomer Acrylate
Groups
Attribute Tg C
by
DMA
Pencil
Hardnes
s
Konig
Pendulum
Hardness
0000 Steel Wool
Resistance, 50
Cycles, 1.0 Kg
Weight
CN9006 6 Fast curing with
proven
weathering
performance.
77.25 8H 116 Pass
CN9026 6 More flexible with
improved
resiliency.
74.41 7H 98 Pass
CN9025 6 Higher Mw with
lower toxicity.
80.0 7H 103 Pass
CN9013 9 Very fast curing
with enhanced
stain resistance.
135.0 7H 128 Fail
CN120 2 Lower cost with
good chemical
resistance
138.0 9H 138 Fail
6

7. Taber Testing of Urethane Acrylate Oligomers
! Tabered Haze Testing
! Surface Scratch Resistance
! CS-10F wheel under 500g load for
10 cycles
! Taber Abrasion Testing
! Wear Through Resistance
Properties
! CS-17 Abrasion Wheel
! Weight loss every 500 cycles to
2,000 cycles
! 1,000g load on each Taber wheel
7

8. Tabered Haze Testing
Application & Cure Conditions
! Neat Oligomer Tested
● Cut in 50% Acetone
! Film Thickness: 3-6 microns (after
flash off)
● #5 wire bar used
● Acetone flashed off prior to cure
! 50 fpm under (2) 300 w/in “H” lamps
! CS-10F wheel under 500g load for
10 cycles
Delta Haze Results
1.5
2.8 3.1 3.2
8.9
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
CN9006 CN9026 CN9025 CN9013 CN120
Initial
Tabered
Delta
Haze
8

9. Taber Abrasion Testing
0
25
40
55
70
85
0
21
28
36
45
60
0
23
33
44
55
70
0
30
50
75
92
101
0
40
70
96
120
140
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
0 100
Cycles 200
Cycles 300
Cycles 400
Cycles 500
Cycles
W
e
i
g
h
t
L
o
s
s
CN9006
CN9026
CN9025
CN9013
CN120
CS17, 500g Load
Mg of Weight Loss per 100 Cycles
(Base Formulation Tested: 75% Oligomer, 20% Monofunctional
Diluent, 5% Alpha Hydroxy Ketone)
9

10. Scratch & Abrasion Resistance
Conclusions/Observations
! Aliphatic urethanes with high acrylate functionality result in cured films
having excellent abrasion resistant properties.
! High functionality results relate to a high crosslink density. This may
result in micro-cracking of the cured film when coating thickness
exceeds 5 microns.
! This can be controlled by modification of the backbone structure to
impart better flexibility or addition of lower functionality acrylates to the
formulation.
! These modifications and additions can improve the ductile properties of
the film, making it malleable.
! This results in cured film with abrasion resistant qualities, while
improving the overall scratch resistance.
10

11. Weathering Resistance as it Relates to
Oligomer Structure & Cured Film Thickness
Test Methods & Results
11

12. QUV Equipment & Conditions
! 8 hours of UV radiation @ 60
C
! Followed by 4 hours dark
condensation @ 40 C
! The lamps were replaced
every 400 hours to ensure
constant UV intensity.
! The bulb used was a UVA 340
from Q-Panel. The output is
from 300 - 400 nanometers
centered at 340 nm.
12

13. Gloss Retention & Yellowing Resistance
Gloss: ASTM D523-89 @ 60 Yellowness Index: ASTM E 313-98
13

14. Gloss Retention Rating Scale
! Good = 0‒7 points of gloss loss
! Slight = 8-15 points of gloss loss
! Severe = >15 points of gloss loss
14

15. Degree of Micro-Cracking as it Relates to Oligomer,
Film Thickness & QUV Exposure
Oligomer&
Film
Thickness
0
QUV
100
Hours
300
Hours
500
Hours
700
Hours
1000
Hours
1500
Hours
2000
Hours
3000
Hours
4000
Hours
5000
Hours
CN9006
5 micron
Good Good Good Slight Slight Slight Slight Severe Severe Severe Severe
10 micron Good Good Good Slight Slight Slight Severe Severe Severe Severe Severe
15 micron Good Good Slight Slight Severe Severe Severe Severe Severe Severe Severe
CN9025
5 micron
Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Slight
10 micron Good Good Good Good Good Good Slight Severe Severe Severe Severe
15 micron Good Good Good Good Good Slight Severe Severe Severe Severe Severe
CN9026
5 micron
Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good
10 micron Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good
15 micron Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good
CN9013
5 micron
Good Good Good Good Good Slight Severe Severe Severe Severe Severe
10 micron Good Good Good Good Good Slight Slight Severe Severe Severe Severe
15 micron Good Good Slight Severe Severe Severe Severe Severe Severe Severe Severe
15

16. Urethane Acrylate Hard Coat Summary
! Aliphatic urethanes with high acrylate functionality result in cured films
having excellent abrasion resistance properties.
! Higher functionality yields a higher crosslink density, which, in general, is
desirable. However, the downside of increased crosslink density can be a
decrease in abrasion resistance and an increase in micro-cracking of the
cured film during weathering exposure, particularly when coating thickness
exceeds 5 microns.
! These limitations can be controlled by modification of the backbone structure
to impart increased flexibility or by the addition of lower functionality
acrylates to the formulation to reduce crosslink density.
! These adjustments improve the ductile properties of the film making it more
malleable, resulting in cured film with better abrasion resistance and a lower
propensity for micro-cracking during weathering.
16

17. Barrier Properties of a
Hard Coat Formulation
Test Methods & Results
17

18. Weathering Resistance of a Coating on Polyester Film
∆E and Gloss Loss as it Relates to QUV Exposure
Base Formulation Cure & Application Parameters
1) Two 400 W/in H
Lamps @ Line Speed
50 F/M
2) Power Puck UVA,1.8 J/
CM2
3) Film thickness: 5-7
microns, Applied using a
# 4 wire bar
4) Viscosity @25C, 820
cps
Component Weight%
CN9026 75.0
Flexible Monofunctional
Acrylate
12.0
Low Surface Tension
Monofunctional Acrylate
10.0
Irgacure 184 3.0
18

19. Test Method Employed, ∆E Measurements
! BYK Color-Guide Sphere
● CIE Lab
● YE313-98
● D65/10
! Readings taken on coated 5 mil
thick PET placed over a white
background for measurement
! ∆E is measure of overall color
change
19

20. ∆E Test Results as They Relate to QUV Exposure &
Stabilizer Package Used
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
100
300
500
700
900
1100
1300
1500
1700
1900
Delta
E
Hours
of
QUV
Exposure
PET
FormulaBon
on
PET
1.5%
UR-­‐210
3.0%
UR-­‐210
1.0%
292
;
1.0%
400
20

21. Gloss Retention @ 60 as it Relates to QUV Exposure &
Stabilizer Package Used
5
25
45
65
85
105
125
145
165
185
205
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
Gloss
Hours
of
QUV
Exposure
PET
FormulaBon
on
PET
1.5%
UR-­‐210
3.0%
UR-­‐210
1.0%
292
;
1.0%
400
21

22. UV/VIS Percent Transmittance After 2000 Hours
QUV Exposure
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200
Nanometers
PercentTransmittance
PET Only
Coated PET
Coating w/ HALS on PET
22

23. Barrier Property Performance Observations
! Certain grades of PET will degrade when exposed to heat, light and
moisture for extended periods.
! A properly formulated coating can lessen the degradation and protect
the PET.
! The addition of HALS and light absorbers can further enhance
protection.
23

24. Polyurethane Dispersion Product Study
Overall Properties &
Abrasion Resistance Study
24

25. Liquid Property Overview of UV-Curable Waterborne
Oligomers, Polyurethane Dispersions (PUD)
Product
Designation
Percent Solids Viscosity @ 25 C,
cps pH
Mean Particle Size
(nm)
NTX12784 39-41 10-12 7.3 ‒ 8.0 125
CN9500 40-42 8 - 15 7.3 ‒ 7.9 120
CN9501 39-41 10-12 7.2 ‒ 7.9 140
Control 35 20 8.0 <150
25

26. Waterborne Oligomer Testing, Formulating
and Processing
! Formulation: UV-PUD diluted to 35% solids plus standard
additives and photoinitiators
! Film Thickness: 6.0 mils wet/2.0 mils dry
! Substrates: Glass (hardness and tensile), Leneta charts
(KCMA stain), aluminum panels (MEK resistance and Taber
abrasion)
! Drying Conditions: 30 min @ 72oF/50% RH, 30 min @
60oC
! Cure Conditions: 2 x 400 W/in. Hg lamps @ 50 ft/min
26

27. PUD Test Results
Relative Performance Ranking
5 = Best
0 1 2 3 4 5
Hardness
Solvent Resistance
Water Resistance
Stain Resistance
Abrasion Resistance
QUV Yellowing
Flexibility
Control
Aquamer
9501 Aquamer
9500 NTX12784
27

28. Waterborne Oligomer Testing
Surface Scratch Testing
! Affix white abrasive pad to a
mounting fixture having an area
of 1 sq. in.
! Place 100g weight on top of
mounting fixture.
! Slide weighted pad back and
forth over the surface 50 times at
each weight load.
! A back and forth motion
constitutes one cycle.
! Measure gloss before and after
abrading.
! Report gloss readings.
Gloss Retention
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100 200 300 400 500
Double
Rub
Cycles
Gloss
@
60
Control
PUD
CN9501
28

29. Taber Abrasion Resistance, CS 17, 1000g Load
0
13
24
33
42
49
0
9
15
25
29
32
0
9
18
29
36
45
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Taber
Cycles
Weight
Loss,
milligrams
NTX12784
CN9500
CN9501
Control
29

30. Waterborne Oligomer Observations
! The family of UV-PUD materials examined offers a higher reactive solid
content at a lower viscosity when compared to typical UV-PUDs on the
market.
! These features provide greater formulating latitude for industrial
coatings.
! When compared to the control UV-PUD, enhanced surface scratch
resistance, flexibility, yellowing upon QUV exposure, and abrasion
resistance are noted for the UV-PUDs studied.
! The UV-PUD oligomers show excellent water resistance. For example,
no whitening of any of the cured films was noted after surface exposure
to hot water.
! The QUV accelerated weathering results for the UV-PUD oligomers are
excellent. These materials have comparable weathering resistance to
those of an aliphatic urethane.
30

31. Thank you
For more information:
www.sartomer.com
contact@sartomer.com
(800) SARTOMER
(610) 363-4100
@SartomerGlobal on Twitter