Linseed, also known as flaxseed, is an annual plant grown for its seeds and fibers. It is native to the Mediterranean region and has several uses. The seeds contain 33-47% oil which is rich in linolenic acid and used to make paints, varnishes, and oilcloths. The oilcake leftover after oil extraction is a nutritious livestock feed. Flax fibers from the stem are used to make linen cloth. Linseed is bred to improve yield, oil content and quality, and disease resistance. It is self-pollinated but can cross-pollinate up to 10% depending on conditions.
1. Late R. J. Deshmukh College of
Agriculture Tiwsa
Submitted to-: Dr. Shilpa Bonde
Mam
By-:
Adiba khan - SS-1837
Faizan khan- SS-1838
Kapil kharde- SS-1839
Shantanu khonde-SS-1840
Sourav kothe – SS- 1841
Presentation on
Linseed
2. LINSEED/FLA
(Linum usitatissimu
• Used for medicine, cosmetics & Paints.
• Have 10 species.
• n=8,9,10,12,14,15,16,18
• Iodine number, 195-215
• Boll Five celled, two seed in each cell, 10 seed/boll
• Oil contents, 32-44%
3.
4. INTRODUCTION
• Botanical name: Linum usitatissimum Linn.
• Family: Linaceae
• Chromosome Number: 2n=30
• Flax is an annual and self pollinated crop with
characteristic slender, strong stem and round
capsule which in cultivated form don’t dehisce
but retain the oval expressed shining seed.
• The crop is diploid(2n) in nature.
5. • In this crop, variation has been molded in the
form of numerous true breeding line. Two
specializition is present.
Oil varieties that are relatively short (30-
70cm), branched, usually bear large seed.
They are grown for high yield of linseed.
Fiber varieties are taller, sparsely branched
and usually bear small seed.
• Transitional form cultivated for both oil and
fiber .
6. ORIGIN
• The genus Linum has 20species spread in
warm temperate Europe and Asia and 50
species spread in America.
• Most of the investigators are of the opinion
that the wild flax (Linum angustifolium)
which is a native of Mediterranean region
may be the ancestor of the cultivated species
Linum usitatissimum.
7. Importance
• Seed contains 33 to 47% of oil.
• About 20% of the total oil produced is used at
farmer’s level, and the rest 80% oil goes to
industries in various forms.
• The oil is rich (> 66%) in linolenic acid and is a
perfect drying oil. Hence it is utilized in the
manufacture of paints, oil cloth, varnish, pad-
ink, printed ink etc.
8. • The oil cake is a good feed for milch cattle and
poultries and hence priced 50% higher than
rapeseed-mustard cake.
• It is good in taste and contains 36% protein,
85% of which is digestible.
• It is also used as organic manure because it
contains about 5% N, 1.4% P2O5and 1.8%
K2O.
• Linseed is globally cultivated for its fibers and
is called flax. Fibers are used for the
manufacture of linen.
9. BOTANICAL DISCRIPTION
• Growth Habit:
Seed flax is an annual plant that grows to a
height of 12 to 36 inches. It has a distinct main
stem with numerous branches at the top which
produce flowers. Branches from the base of the
plant may also occur depending on variety,
stand, and environment. The plant has a
branched taproot system which may extend to
a depth of 3 to 4 feet in coarse textured soil.
10.
11. Types of flower
• Funnel shape (petals overlapping but partially
separate.)
• Tubular shape (petals remained curled in the
form of tube).
• Star shape (petals rolled the margins).
• Disk shape (with large flat petals).
13. Types of bolls
• Dehiscent (open and scatter seed as soon as
ripe).
• Semi dehiscent (open at the apex and five
segments separate slightly, American type).
• Indehiscent (tightly closed Indian type).
15. FLOWER
• Flower symmetry- There are two or more ways to
evenly divide the flower (the flower is radially
symmetrical)
• Flower description -The flower has a superior ovary
• Flower petal color -Blue to purple
• Flower reproductive parts -The flower has both pollen-
and seed-producing parts
• Form of style -The style is knob-like at the tip, and un-
branched
• Fusion of petals -The petals are separate
• Number of carpels : 2–5
• Number of pistils: 2 or 5
16. • There are five petals, sepals in the flower
• Number of styles: 5
• Ovary position : The ovary is above the point
of petal and/or sepal attachment
• Petal and sepal arrangement: the flower
includes two cycles of petal- or sepal-like
structures
• Petal appearance :The petals are thin and
delicate, and pigmented.
17. • Petal length: 10–23 mm
• Petal number: 5
• Sepal number: 5
• Stamen attachment: the stamens are not attached
to the petals or Sepals
• Stamen number: 5
• Stamens fused: the stamens are attached to one
another at or near their bases
18.
19. Breeding Objectives
• Improving the yield potential
• Improving the oil contents and oil quality
• Breeding for disease resistance has resulted in
cultivars that are resistant to Fusarium wilt and to
rust.
• Production of early maturing and fertilizer responsive
varities.
• genetic extension of the seed filling period.
21. Pollination and Fertilization:
• Flax is normally self-pollinated, but insects cause
some natural crossing. Frequency of cross pollination
seems to be associated with varietal differences and
environmental conditions. Individual flowers open in
the first few hours after sunrise on clear, warm days,
and the petals usually fall before noon.
• The flowers are protogynous.
• The stigma in emasculated flowers retained its
receptivity for 6 days and the pollen retained its
viability from 5-6 days.
22. • The amount of pollination occurring when
emasculated flowers were left exposed was 7-
10%.
• By cutting off the style at varying periods after
pollination the interval between pollination and
fertilization was shown to be 2-3 hours. It was
also found possible for fertilization to be effected
on the day before the opening of the flower.
23. • Fruits or seeds:
• Fruit length 6–10 mm
• Fruit locules six or more
• Fruit shape the fruit is spherical
• Fruit type (general)the fruit is dry and splits open
when ripe
• Seed number Up to 10
24.
25. Uses
Industrial uses :
• Linseed oil is a common carrier used in oil paint.
• Linseed oil used as a wood finish, it dries slowly and
shrinks little upon hardening. linseed oil partially
protects wood from denting by compression.
• Linseed oil is used to bind wood dust, cork particles,
and related materials in the manufacture of the floor
covering linoleum
26. Features
• Small seeded varieties have high iodine number as compared
to large seeded varieties.
• Oil content are reduced by high temperature, drought and
diseases.
• Yellow seeded varieties are superior to brown seeded in oil
and iodine number.
• Brown seeded varieties have higher 1000 seed weight.
• Yellow seeded types are extensively dwarf.
• 74% of yellow seeded types are abnormal due to split and
cracked seed coats.
• 25% brown seeded types are damaged or abnormal.
• Large seed varieties have 2-3% high oil than small seeded
varieties.
27. Uses:
• Oil cloth
• Textiles
• Wood preservation
• Cookware seasoning
• The cake obtaining after oil extraction is very
nutritive food for livestock and used as an organic
matter.
• The fiber obtained from its stem is most valuable
vegetable fiber to spin and woven into cloth.
• Linseed oil is an edible oil marketed as a nutritional
supplement.
