2. Hierarchy
Hierarchy deals with communicating
relative importance between
elements in a display (Lohr, 2003, p.
122).
This hierarchy graphic guides the
reader through the design. From the
beginning of the graphic to end, using
different typesets, focal points and
font colors.
Source: Pinterest
3. Chunk/Chunking
Source: http://gmpprof.com
The Goal of ‘Chunking’ is to help
learner think about information in
a meaningful way (Lohr, 2003, p.
125).
This image not only defines
content chunking, but also
includes a graphical example. If
you think about this course (IDT
7060), the course is laid out in
chunks. Each week there is a
module (chunk) in eCourseware.
4. White Space
Image source: http://www.coca-cola.com/
White space helps create a sense of
balance in a graphical display.
Balance can be thought of as the
harmony achieved when all of the
elements of a display work
together (Lohr, 2003, p. 179).
I think this graphic of Coca-Cola is a
great representation of white
space. It’s an iconic image, that’s
balanced with a trademark slogan.
5. Alignment
Image Source: http://print-creativity-software-review.toptenreviews.com
Alignment is when
elements are arranged in a
logical order, using ruled
lines or obvious, equal
staggering. Otherwise,
they will just look randomly
placed and messy.
This is a graphic showing
organized alignment
compared to no alignment.
Alignment assists with
reducing cognitive load
(Lohr, 2003, p. 201).
6. Asymmetry
Asymmetry is form that does not
have balanced proportions.
Asymmetrical balance is achieved
when all elements in a display are in
harmony, but the elements are not
symmetrical (Lohr, 2003, p.180).
This image shows the difference
between symmetrical and
asymmetrical.The tree on the right
does not have balance proportions.
Image source: digitalmediaacademy.org
7. Repetition
When you employ repetition, you
take some element of a visual and
use it again. Repetition can create a
sense of harmony and unity (Lohr,
2003, p.203).
This graphic employs repetition by
repeating a visual, colored lines,
creating a harmony with a spiritual
reference.
Image source: www.jesscreatives.com
8. Planes
Planes are imaginary or visible lines
that form horizontally, vertically, or
diagonally (Lohr, 2003, p.120).
This graphic shows examples of
planes in anatomy. Planes are
popular instructional methods when
studying human anatomy.
Image source: www.buzzle.com
10. Golden Rectangle
A golden rectangle is any rectangle
with sides that have a ratio of 5 to 8.
This ratio is believed to produce a
balanced and pleasing (golden)
image or evoke from the view a
sense of harmony. (Lohr, 2003,
p.182).
This graphic shows an example of a
‘golden rectangle’ in terms of
architecture, the Parthenon.
Image source: wufengengineering.com
11. Figure-Ground
Figure-ground is a perception
principle that explains how the
limited information processing
capacity of the human mind forces
people to focus on one stimulus at a
time rather than several. (Lohr,
2003, p.102).
This graphic demonstrates how the
figure and the ground compete.
Image source: www.pinterest.com
12. Closure
The principle of closure describes
how the mind seeks completion
(Lohr, 2003, p.162).
This graphic is an example of how
the mind completes the image of
the panda. Although the panda
above is not complete, enough is
present for the eye to complete the
shape.
Image source: graphicdesign.spokanefalls.edu
14. References
Lohr, LInda. (2003). Creating Graphics for Learning and Performance.
Columbus, Ohio: Pearson Education Inc.
HowcastTechGadgets (2003, March 22nd). What is Graphic Design [Video file].
Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9QwOVLts5wY
GMP Learning Resources (SkillsPlus International Inc.) http://gmpprof.com
Graphic Design at Spokane Falls Community Colleg
http://graphicdesign.spokanefalls.edu/
Wufeng Engineering | Sharing the Wonder http://wufengengineering.com/
Pinterest: Discover and save creative ideas https://www.pinterest.com/
