English grammar for Russian speakers in situations with pictures

1. Situational
grammar
in pictures

2. Sentence
 У меня есть корова. = Я имею корову.
I have a cow.
 Это красивая корова. Эта корова красивая.
It is a nice cow. This cow is nice.
 Молоко даёт корова. = Корова даёт молоко.
The cow gives milk.
 Мне она нравится. = Я люблю её.
I like her.
 Я хочу, чтобы она пришла.
I want her to come.
 Холодно. На небе тучи.
It is cold. There are clouds in the sky.
 Мне нечего делать.
I have nothing to do.
 Никто ничего не сказал.
Nobody said anything. SEEnglish.by

3. Nouns
 People use different transport means.
The car is the best transport means
for me.
 This cactus is a rare species.
Alice is fond of growing rare species
of cacti.
 There is a deer in the picture.
There are three deer in the woods.
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4. Pronouns
 Tom, behave yourself!
 Ann, do it yourself!
 Boys, help yourselves to the kiwi!
 Enjoy yourselves!
 - Whose calculator is that?
- The one on the table?
- Yes, the green one.
- It isn’t mine, it’s Helen’s.
- And whose books are those?
- The ones on the shelf?
- Yes. If they are hers, I’ll ask her to give me
the most interesting ones.
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5. Prepositions
 in the picture
in the sky
in the tree
in the street
in the rain
 listen to music
write to my friend
explain to the pupil
 enter the room
speak English
play football
play the piano
 go, come, get, return, move
(куда?) to school/ home
 be, stay, remain (где?)
at school/at home/in the park
 arrive in the country/in the
city/in the town/
at the place/at the village
 leave Moscow for Paris
уезжать откуда? куда?
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6. Auxiliaries
глагол –
одно слово
 work - do + V1
 works - does + V1
 worked/ - did + V1
went
глагол –
два слова и более
 be (am, is, are,
was, were)
 have (has, had)
 will, shall /
would, should
 can/could, may,
must, should,
ought to,
need, dare
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7. Articles
 Give me a book about travelling.
Give me the book my friend took
last week.
 Tom has a cat. The cat is nice.
 Give the cat some milk. The milk is
in the fridge. Have a piece of cake.
 Tom went to school. His mother went
to the school to talk to his teacher.
 Andrew works in a hospital.
A new hospital was built.
A car stopped near the hospital.
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8. Adjectives and Adverbs
 Mary is a careful driver.
She drives her motorbike carefully.
She looks nice.
 I can hardly help her.
She works hard.
She is a good worker.
She works well.
Her English is fluent.
She speaks fluent English.
She speaks English fluently .
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9. Tenses of the Verb present
 My father works as a manager.
Now he is working in Berlin.
He is on business there.
 Alice has been typing for 20 minuters.
She has typed three letters since
2 o’clock.
 Jack lived in Bristol for two years.
Then he moved to London.
He has been living in London for six months.
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10. Tenses of the Verb past
 - Have you ever been to Minsk?
- Yes, I went there last May.
 - What a nice dress!
- I have made it myself. I made it two
days ago.
I had bought the necklace a week
before I made the dress.
I had been looking for it
for quite a long time.
When I was doing shopping
I met an old friend of mine.
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11. Tenses of the Verb future
 Lucy and I are meeting at 8.
We are going to the cinema.
The film begins at 9.
I am going to wear a new coat.
Look! The sky is dark.
It is going to rain.
I shall take a taxi.
I hope Lucy will come on time.
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12. Tenses of the Verb future
 If the weather is fine we shall go to
the seaside.
I would like to know if it will be fine
tomorrow.
 Tomorrow at 10 o’clock we shall be
lying on the beach.
 By the time we get there we shall
have been flying for 4 hours.
We shall have crossed 2 time zones. SEEnglish.by

13. Modals
 - Do you happen to know where Jack is?
- He must be at home, I am sure.
- What is he doing?
- He may be working on his computer,
but I am not sure.
 You are to write the report, it’s your task.
You must do it quickly, it’s urgent.
You should use some additional literature,
I advise you to do it.
You ought to help each other, it is our rule.
You may split your duties, I allow you to do it.
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14. Passive
 Мене подарили это.
I was presented with it.
 Говорили, что он живёт здесь.
He was said to live here.
 Нам сказали прийти.
We were told to come.
 Её искали.
She was looked for.
 Кем написана эта книга?
Who is this book written by? SEEnglish.by

15. Verbals
 I like reading.
 I would like to read an interesting
book.
 I prefer reading to watching TV.
 I would rather read a book than
watch TV.
 The book is so fascinating.
I am fascinated by it.
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16. Wishes
 I wish I were slender and beautiful.
 If only a prince married me!
I’d rather he shot an arrow
to our swamp!
 If I were a princess,
I would wear expensive dresses.
 If the prince had noticed me yesterday,
he would have liked me.
 If I had met a prince last year,
I would live in a palace now.
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17. Reported Speech
I want to tell you that I spoke to
Mother half an hour ago.
 She said she was at lunch then.
 Mother said that she would come
home at 8 o’clock.
 She asked me if you had done your
homework.
 She said that you are a bright boy.
 She told you to clean the room.
 She said to me that you should do it
in time. SEEnglish.by

18. Word Order
 В горах находится старинный замок.
An old castle is situated in the
mountains.
There is an old castle in the mountains.
The old castle is in the mountains.
 Кто живёт в этом замке?
Who lives in this castle?
 В этом замке живут эльфы и феи.
Elves and fairies live in this castle.
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19. Word Order
 The knight rode quickly to the forest
at twilight.
Кто? что сделал? как? куда? когда?
 The knight saw the dragon
unexpectedly in the forest at dawn.
Кто? что сделал? кого? как? где? когда?
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20.  Who gave you this pen?
Who did you give your pen to?
Who went with you? Who did you go there with?
What happened? What made you think so?
 You live in Pinsk, don’t you? =
You don’t live in Pinsk, do you? – Yes, I do.
 Which of the books you bought
yesterday do you like most of all?
 What is your friend like?
What kind of boy is he?
What does he look like?
What does he like to read?
Questions
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