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My Country Facts – Marta Pérez Ortega – 3º E
Official country name:
Dominican Republic, this name is an acknowledgement to the Dominicus Religious Order
because of their efforts on the defense of native’s rights (i.e. they founded the first university of
America in 1538 in Santo Domingo).
Previusly to this name, was called “Santo Domingo Español” or “Santo Domingo Oriental” to
avoid confussion with the western part of the island that in that time was a French colony called
“Saint Domingue”
The capital of this country is called “Santo Domingo de Guzman” in recognition of the founder of
the Dominicus Order.
Location:
Dominican Republic takes up about a 40% of the Hispaniola island which belongs to the Antilles
archipelago of the Caribbean region of Central America (further information can be found in the
1st
and 2nd
points of the Geography section).
The surface of this country are 48,442 km2.
Year that country joined the UN:
Is a founder member of the United Nations on 24th
October – 1945 taking part of the 51 states
whose signed the UN chart on 26th
june – 1945.
The permanent representative is the ambassador Francisco A. Cortorreal whose is collaborating
in activities related to human rights including some of them specifically for women, elderly rigths,
domestic violence, peace and security.
People:
1.What are the people of the country called?
The people of this country are called “Dominicans”, the natives were called “tahinos indians”.
2.What is the official language? What other languages do people speak?
The Spanish is the official language, is usually spoken very loud and quick and can be mixed
with slang terms.
Also is spoken:
• French Haitian criolle by inmigrants
• English Caribbean criolle
• English, spoken in tourist areas by the Dominicans, North Americans, British, high class
and inmigrants
• Arabic by 4.000 people
• Chinesse by 26.000 people
3.What is the most-practiced religion?
Catholic religion is the most-practiced in Dominican Republic, in fact some of the first churches
in America where built in this country, stadistics says that the 64% of the Dominicans declare
themselves as catholic practicioners.
There exists a concordat between the state and The Vatican since 1954 whose influences in all
social, economic and political stratum.
All the national celebrations are related to the catholic cult like the Holly Week, Christmas and
the patron saint’s day on many towns. The “Virgin of Altagracia” is the spiritual mother of the
Dominicans.
Since S. XX some protestants churches are present in the country and there are some voodoo
and “Santeria Cubana“ practicings due to Haitian and Cuban influences.
The first inhabitans of the island (tahino Indians) practiced polytheism religion to justify the origin
of the world and the human life, their gods were called cemíes and the priest were the
“behiques”.
70% of Dominicans attends usually ceremonys but more women than men (77 vs. 64%).
Flag:
The National Flag has two colors: blue and red disposed in four quatrants alternating that colors
(blue and red on the top, red and blue on the bottom).
There is a white cross delimitating the quadrants and a coat of arms just in the middle of the
flag.
The red color means the blood spilled by their liberators, the blue color represents that God
protects the nation and the white cross is related with peace and union
The coat of arms is composed of a shield of red and blue colors with six spears, a bible and a
golden cristian cross, all of this is rounded by:
• A laurel branch on the left
• A palm frond on the right
• A red ribbon with the text “República Dominicana”
• A blue ribbon with the text “God, fatherland and Liberty”
The official anthem is “valiant quisqueyans”, keeping in mind that quisqueya is an taino term for
the Hispaniola island, a quisqueyans is a Dominican citizen, the lyrics of the anthem talk about
fight for liberty and be proud of being Dominicans.
Government:
1. Is it a democratic or a non-democratic state?
Dominican Republic is actually a democratic state, presidential elections take place every four
years on the second Sunday of may, to being president a candidate needs more than 50% of
valid votes to avoid a run-off election between two candidates about one month later.
The authority that organizes and controls the elections is the Junta Electoral Central as is
disposed by the Constitution.
There is also elections to choose congressman, mayors and city councilors every four years.
There exists democratic elections since 1966 after an invasion of the USA to finish a civil war
afterwards 30 years of dictatorship by Rafael Leonidas Trujillo.
2. What is the name of the leader of the country?
The actual president of the Dominican Republic is Danilo Medina, leader of the Partido de la
Liberación Dominicana (PLD) whose won in 2012 at first round to the leader of the opposition
Hipólito Mejía from the Partido Revolucionario Dominicano (PRD).
The vice-president is Margarita Cedeño de Fernandez.
Their electoral platform includes some actions like:
• Educational Agreement: award the 4% of gross domestic product to educations politics,
building schools and promoting a literacy plan to eradicate illiteracy
• Fiscal Agreement
• Energy Agreement renegotiating contracts with electric companys and building new
wind and coal power plants
• Renegotiation of mining contracts
• Setting up of a Solidary Bank
• Increased coverage on social security system
• Microcredits to farmers and small enterprises
The next presidential elections will take place in 2016.
3.What type of government is the country ruled by ?
Dominican Republic is a representative democracy with presidential elections every four years
The president of the republic is chief of state and chief of govern.
Every of the 31 provinces are ruled by a govern representative named by the President,
elections decide the administrators of townships and national districts.
4. Is there a separation of powers? Which institution/person is in charge of each of the powers?
Yes, there is separation of powers: executive, judicial and legislative
Executive Power
The president and the vicepresident are voted by the citizens for a 4 years period, the cabinet
is choosen by the president and can be removed at anytime, is composed of the ministers.
The minister council is composed by the ministers, the vice-president and the president.
Department Position Principal
Ministerio de la Presidencia Ministro de la Presidencia Gustavo Montalvo
Ministerio de las Fuerzas
Armadas
Ministro de las Fuerzas
Armadas
Teniente General, Ejercito
R.D.Maximo William Muñoz
Delgado
Ministerio de Relaciones
Exteriores
Ministro de Relaciones
Exteriores
Andres Navarro
Ministerio de Economía,
Planificación y Desarrollo
Ministro de Economía,
Planificación y Desarrollo
Juan Temístocles Montás
Procurador General de la
República
Procurador General de la
República
Francisco Domíguez Brito
Ministerio de Interior y
Polícia
Ministro de Interior y Polícia José Ramón Fadul
Ministerio de Hacienda Ministro de Hacienda Simón Lizardo
Ministerio Administrativo de
la Presidencia
Ministro Administrativo de la
Presidencia
José Ramón Peralta
Ministerio de Salud Pública y
Asistencia Social
Ministro de Salud Pública y
Asistencia Social
Altagracia Guzman Marcelino
Ministerio de Obras Públicas
y Comunicaciones
Ministro de Obras Públicas y
Comunicaciones
Gonzalo Castillo
Ministerio de Medio
Ambiente y Recursos
Naturales
Ministro de Medio Ambiente
y Recursos Naturales
Bautista Rojas Gómez
Ministerio de Industria y
Comercio
Ministro de Industria y
Comercio
José del Castillo Saviñón
Ministerio de Agricultura Ministro de Agricultura Luís Ramón Rodríguez
Ministerio de Turismo Ministro de Turismo Francisco J. García
Ministerio de Educación
Superior, Ciencia y
Tecnología
Ministro de Educación
Superior, Ciencia y
Tecnología
Ligia Amada Melo Vda.
Cardona
Ministerio de Deportes,
Educación Física y
Recreación
Ministro de Deportes,
Educación Física y
Recreación
Jaime David Fernández
Mirabal
Ministerio de Trabajo Ministro de Trabajo Maritza Hernáandez
Ministerio de Cultura de
República Dominicana
Ministro de Cultura Antonio Rodríguez
Ministerio de Administración
Pública
Ministro de Administración
Pública
Ramón Ventura Camejo
Ministerio de la Mujer Ministra de la Mujer Alejandrina Germán
Ministerio de la Juventud Ministro de la Juventud Jorge Minaya
Judicial Power
The Supreme Court of Justice is the supreme tribunal of the state, their 16 members(leaded by
Mariano German Mejía) are promoted by the “Consejo Nacional de la Magistratura” and have
jurisdiction on criminal actions against the President of the republic, the cabinet and the
congressmen, also decides the “recurso de casacion” from verdicts from lower tribunals.
The judicial power is organized in 11 judicial departments and 35 judicial districts, has appeal
courts, magistrate’s courts and peace courts.
Legislative Power
There are two chambers in the National Congress:
• The Senate as a body of territorial representation with 32 seats, one for every province
and another por the National District, the president of the Dominican Senate is Cristina
Lizardo Mézquita.
• The Congress (Cámara de Diputados) with 178 seats, the president is Abel Martínez
Durán.
5.What are the main political parties of the country (socialist party, communist party, green
party, republicans, democrats, etc.)? Describe briefly their ideas.
PLD – Partido de la Liberación Dominicana
It’s ideals are centre-left, founded in 1973, leaded by Leonel Fernández.
Their ideology is socioliberalism, progresism and modernization and their ideas are practiced
since 2012 becouse they are in charge of the governance of the nation as is detailed previusly
PRD – Partido Revolucionario Dominicano
It’s ideals are centre-left, founded in 1939, leaded by Miguel Vargas Maldonado.
They pursue it’s motto “national sovereignty, freedom, democracy and social justice” with
political, economical and social reforms to assure for the people the benefits of their work and
from the natural resources.
ALPAIS – Alianza Pais
It’s ideals are centre-left and liberal, founded in 2011, leaded by Guillemo Moreno García.
Their motto is “for an honest govern”, looking for fight against the actual corrupted political
model, so they define themselves as an altenative to the tradicional political parties.
DxC – Dominicanos por el Camio
It’s ideals are centre-rigt and cristian democracy, founded in 2010, leaded by Eduardo Estrella,
they suggest to protect the social, cultural, institutional and ecological heritage of the nation.
4.Was your country ever a colony? If so, when did it gain its independence?
Yes, it was a Spanish colony because in 1492 Christopher Columbus took possession of this
territory in the name of the Catholic Kings, the Spanish ruled until 1795 when was transferred to
France.
But after a few years the colony came back to spain for a few years but in 1822 the Haitians
invaded the territory until 1844 when the independence was reached, but in 1861 returned to
Spain for four years until it recovered the independence.
In 1916 after a long crisis period the USA invaded the country to restore stability but a
dictatorship ruled the country until the second invasion of the USA in 1965. The consolidated
democracy and liberty started in 1966.
Population:
1. How many inhabitants does the country have?
The last census of 2010 shows 9.478.612 inhabitants, today are estimated 9.980.243
inhabitants.
The ethnic groups are:
• 72,9% mixed (from full whites to full blacks)
• 16,1% white
• 10,9 % black
• 0,1 % asian
The 31,2% of the population is under 15 years old and the 6% are over 65 years old.
2. Population density
The population density are 197 inhbitants/km2
The 63% of the population lives in urban areas and the most density reported is the Cibao
Valley.
3. Birth Rate. Reasons
The birth rate is 20,83 per 1.000 people, the rate is reducing because of:
• There are more knowledge and sexual education, and access to contraceptives.
• The religion is not so taken into account on this topic
• There are no need og have many sons whose must take care of elderly fathers because
of there exists a pension system.
• Early age marriages and teenager pregnants are reducing.
4. Death Rate. Reasons
The death rate is 5,9 per 1.000 people, the trending is an reducing rate because of:
• Better hygiene habits
• Less poverty so there isn’t lack of food
• Better nutricional habits
• Stronger sanitary system
5. Natural Growth. Reasons
The natural growt rate is 15,34 per 1.000 inhabitants.
Between 1950 and 1990 Dominican population has tripledl in two phases:
From 1950 to 1970 grew quickly because of high natality and progressively controled mortality
From 1970 until today grew more slowly because of strong natality reduction and the emigratory
Process..
6. How do migrations affect your country?
This country receives a lot of inmigrants and has many emigrants.
The Haitian inmigrants affect negatively to to the sanitary system because of public hospitals
must attend people without regarding of nationality of legal status, due to it’s poverty nearly one
million turns to the social services that are overflowed
The emigrants to Puerto Rico and the USA send over a lot of money to Dominican Republic to
help their families.
Migrations:
1. Number of immigrants. Where do they come from? Why?
The inmigrants in the s.XX & XXI came from:
• Asia (Arabs, Koreans and Chinese) working as agricultural laborers and merchants due
to political chases or poverty in their countries, they are about 150.000 people.
• Haiti (more than 800.000), they enter illegally escaping from misery and work at very
low-paying and unskilled jobs in contruction and agricultural plantations, some of them
are severely exploited
2. Number of emigrants. Where do they go? Why?
• The first important emigration series begun in 1961 due to political instability and the
ease of obtain US visas.
• From 1666 to 1978 continued because of poverty, political repression and the help of
the first arrivals
• The 3rd
wave started in the early 80’s due underemployment, inflation, and the rise in
value of the dollar.
So, there are about 1,7 millions of Dominicans or it’s descents living in the USA, today there is
an increasing emigration to Puerto Rico with 70.000 people.
3. Legislation of the country connected to migrations.
The applicable Dominican laws are the “Ley sobre Migración No. 285-04 del 15 de agosto del
año 2004”. According to this law, any foreigner may enter into the country showing it’s Passport
and any of this documents:
• Visa
• Temporary residence
• Definitive residence
There exists some exceptions for determinated nations that have treaties with the Dominican
Republic.
The visa is the most important document to gain access to the country, is granted by the
“Secretaría de Estado de Relaciones Exteriores en la República Dominicana” or by a Dominican
consulate.
There are different visa types depending on the expected activities, reasons and conditions,
may be for tourism, business, residence, students,…
Each of them has it’s own characteristics, for example a tourism visa allows people to stay for
60 extendables days.
As said before, some citizen of a number of nations are exonerated from tourism visa, they
need only a tourist card (i.e. Spain) and other like Argentina or Chile even doesn’t need that
card.
Foreigner can being residents if according to his activities pretends to live in Dominican territory,
can be temporary (if it’s coming for a determinate period of time) or permanent residence if he
pretends to live definitely on Dominican Republic. First they must obtain the Temporary
residence and at last the Definitive residence in the “Dirección General de Migración”.
There exists an special residence category called “investment residence” for employees,
husbands, wifes and sons if they accomplish at least one of this conditions:
• Bring US$200,000.00
• Workers in free trade zones
• Executives
• Retired workers.
4. Institutions in charge of migrants.
There are several institutions with responsabilities related to migrants:
• Ministry of Education: To educate the sons of inmigrant and figth against illiteracy
• Health services: Because public health is free for everybody and must control to avoid
spreads like tuberculosis or HIV
• Police: Patrolling the Haitian frontier and prosecuting illegal inmigration
• Justice courts: Deciding about deportations and social abuses on inmigrants
• NGO (Non-governmental organizations like Caritas or Red Cross
• Catholic Church: Giving help to the inmigrants
5. Problems connected to migrations.
There are social and judicial problems related to the illegal immigrants from Haiti, for instance,
at last 180.000 haitians may be deported for lacking of visa according to the “Plan de
Regularización de Extranjeros” and it’s corresponding law and some sentences of the Supreme
Court of Justice.
All of them are efforts to normalise the conditions of foreigners but 87% of them are Haitians,
but a massive deportation must keep in mind the impact on the economy because many of them
work on building sector, farming or domestic works.
Another problem are the newborns in Dominican Republic whose fathers are illegal immigrants
because there is a legal limbo for them.
Some interesting data about Haitian immigrants:
• In the farming sector 18% are Haitians
• In the building sector 29% are Haitians
• In commerce sector 5,4% are Haitians
• In hotels sector 3,7% are Haitians
• In whole laboral forzce 7% are Haitians
• Between 2000 and 2014 the use of Haitians worker grew more than 440%
The most important reason about this numbers are that they are paid about 40% less than
Dominicans and the employers usually doesn’t pay social taxes for them
The UN estimates that Haitians represent the 5,4% of Dominican Gross Domestic Product
(GDP) (about US$3.456 millions by US$64.000 total millions in 2014.
In the other side are the high economic costs on social care for this collective that sends money
to Haiti in about 25% of GDP.
Geography:
1.Where is the country?.
Dominican Republic takes up about 2/3 of the Eastern side of the La Española island, in the
Greater Antilles.the rest of the island belongs to Haiti.
Is the 2nd
greatest nation on the Caribbean (the 1st is Cuba)
At north and east is the Atlantic Ocean, in the south is the Caribbean sea and in the west is
Haiti.
The capital is Santo Domingo, in the southern coast.
Near to the coast there are small island s like Saona and Beata and some submerged banks
like Navidad Bank, Silver Bank and Mouchoir Bank.
2.What other nations border the country?
• North: The Atlantic Ocean
• West: The only terrestrial border, limitis with Haiti in a nearly 400 km. frontier
• East: The Puerto Rico island
• South: The Caribbean Sea and Venezuela
3.What kind of landscape does the country have? Positive and negative things of it.
The landscape of the Dominican Republic is forested and mountainous, with valleys, plains and
plateaus. The Dominican coastline stretches for 1,633 km, and is bordered by the Caribbean
Sea to the south and the Atlantic Ocean to the north. Sandy beaches are found along the
coastline.
This country has the highest peak of the Caribbean (Pico Duarte with 3.098 metres), the lowest
point in the Caribbean (Enriquillo lake al -45 metres) and the shortest river in the world (San
Rafael river, 3 km).
There are four important mountain ranges:
• Northern Mountain Range
• Central Mountain Range
• Sierra de Neiba
• Sierra de Bahoruco
The biggest plain is the Caribbean Coastal Plain located and the north-east of Santo Domingo,
is very fertile and has many sugar plantations and savannahs, other plains are arid kike the
Azua Plain)
About Rivers, the four most important are
• Yaque del Norte river (the longest)
• Yuna river
• San Juan river
• Artibonito river
The are algo many lakes and coastal lagoons, some of them contains fresh water and some
have salt water.
The positive things of this landscapes are:
• The 1,633 km of coastal surface have many delightful sandy beaches that allowed th
settle an important tourist sector.
• The plains are fertile so are used to farm coconuts, pineapple and sugar
The negative things of this landscapes are:
• There are many mountain ranges that represent problems to farming and building roads
• The relatively short rivers doesn’t allow to build big dams.
4.What kind of climate does it have? Pros and cons of the climate.
The prevailing climate of this country is tropical with a lot of rains, the average temperatura is
between 25 and 35 °C, but there are some extreme conditions on high altitude regions like Valle
Nuevo (-15 °C in some winters) and some years there is some snow precipitations on Pico
Duarte.
Becouse of being near to the Ecuator the day lengths about 11-13 hours.
There is a rainy season from april to november mostly in may, august and September. The least
rainy period is form December to March.
The precipitations vary from only 455 mm anually in Hoya de Enriquillo (Neyba Valley) to 2,743
mm on the northeast coastal.
This climate is affected by the alisium winds and the mountain ranges promoting big rain
variations, but in fact are very similar to other near islands like Cuba or Jamaica.
The pros of the climate are:
• Usually rainy so there are many farming
• There are no big climate variations and the big humidity promotes farming
• The warm temperatures are good for tourism
The cons of the climate are:
• The torrential rains causes slips terrains.
• There are one or two hurricanes and about one tropical storm within a year, The last 5-
force hurricane was David in 1979.
Economy:
1.What is the most common sector of employment in the country?
This nation has one of the most GDP in Central America and Caribbean ($ 13.500 per capita)
and it’s been duplicated in only few years.
Domincan Republic GDP is ranked 87 from 180 nations.
• The most common sector of employment are the services sector, mostly tourism.
• The second is the industry sector favoured by the free trade zones
• The agriculture is the 3rd
one
• Not properly a sector of employment but likewise important are the money send home
by the emigrants]
2.What is the unemployment rate of your country (by percentage)?
The unemployment rate is ranked by the Central Bank, it is ranked at nearly 15% of the work
force
The graphic bar shows that in the last years the unemployment rate varies between 14,1 and
15,1 %.
The employment politics are:
• Regulate and promote the laboral rigths of workers
• Control the obligations of employers
• Set minimum work conditions, maximum laboral hours per day and rest times
• Prevention of laboral risks
• Survey systems to detect infractions
• Insurances to cover unemployment periods and Support services to search por
employment and training
3.What is the percentage of contribution of its sectors?
The occupation by sectors are:
Another way of study the importance of economic sectors on the country is showing the GDP
composition, again the order is services (the most important), industry and agriculture
5. Energy: production/consumption; exports/imports
The Dominican Republic has no petroleum or gas fields and there are no nuclear plants so the
only way to obtain energy is by power plants
This country has no possibility of exporting energy and as being an island must generate it’s
own energy importing fuel and coal:
This plants tradicionally have not enought capacity to generate energy for people and industry
so Dominican Republic has an energetic crisis, there are problems like blackouts, illegal
connections and high taxes.
Until the 90’s the energy sector was completely an state responsibility but today private
enterprises take part in generation, distribution or commercilization of electric energy but this
crisis is still a problem to attract foreign investments and develop the national industry because
cost por kw is very expensive.
The electricity reaches today the 88% of the population but is expected to increase until the
95%.
Due to the expected increasing of electrical energy from actual 13 GW/h to 24 GW/h in a few
years the goverment is investing on new coal plants and a new port to unload the coal.
As a response to the electricity supply crisis many people turned to alternative self-generation
units such as small diesel generators, kerosene lamps or large power generators (for large
industrial consumers). The costs associated with this self-generation capacity are very high as
they include equipment purchase, maintenance and fuel supply. This affects the residential,
commercial and industrial sectors.
Domestic Policy:
1. Which are the current issues that affect your country in domestic policy?
The government is trying to give response to issues like:
• Delincuence
• Economic situation and unemployment
• Illegal inmigratión
• Energetic crisis
2. Which are the main policies about healthcare?
The main policies of the sanitary system are:
• Restructuring of regional public health services
• Total Access to medicines for the population
• Guarantee health services to the poor people.
• Promote the epidemic surveillance system
• Better human resource politics
3. Which are the main policies about education?
According to the “Decennial Education Plan” from 2008 to 2018 the main politics about
education are:
• Beginning at five years old every child must receive at least nine years of basic school
attendance.
• Consolidate the medium level of educational courses and expand adult schools.
• Guarantee a good level of reading comprehension, mathematical reasoning and ethical
principles.
• Set quality standards and strong evaluation system
• Assure daily time schedule and school calendar compliance and promote and
guarantee a strong human resources system for teachers
4. Taxes and other revenues
Taxes are managed by the “Dirección General de Impuestos Internos”, the most important are:
• Income tax
Taxes every income, deposito or benefit obtained by people or legal entity
• Tax over transfering of services and industrial goods
Is a tax over transference or importing industrial goods or the provision of a service on
sectors like telecommunications, hotel industry or rental services
• Impuesto selective al consumo
Selective comsumption tax
Tax over manufacturing and payments via banking checks or electronic transactions
• Impuesto sobre Sucesiones y Donaciones
Succession and donation tax
Tax over transmission of goods in case of death or donations
• Other taxes for vehicles, buildings or homes, casinos etc.
5. Debt:
The last published data about national debt is from 2014 with 16.863 millions €, it means an
increase of 893 millions respect the year before (15.970 millions € in 2013).
16.863 millions € are the 34,99% of GDP, it means an increase of 0,39 % respect 2013.
Looking back at years before the evolution of the public debt is increasing in terms of total
millions and percentage of GDP, for instance, in 2004 was 4.229 millions € which means
22,50% of GDP.
Another kind of study debt is looking for debt by inhabitant, in 2014 was 1.706 € per inhabitant
and in 2013 was 1.632 euros, so there is an increase of 74 € and in 2004 was only by 477 €.
Foreign Policy:
1. Which are the main current issues that affect your country in foreign policy?
The Dominican Republic is boosting new diplomatic relationship with Central Europe, Middle
East, Africa and Asia.
Has signed reciently agreements with the nations grouped in CARICOM and Central America,
another with the USA and is expected the sign of another with the European Union.
Because of multipolar politics has algo relations with China, Venezuela and Cuba.
2.Which are the main conflicts that have affected your country?
The illegal migrations from Haiti to Dominican Republic has been a source of conflict between
this country and the United Nations because some accusations related to do not respect human
rights and pretend massive deportations.
USA wasn’t approved good relations with Cuba.
3. Which are the main conflicts that affect your country?
USA doesn’t approves good relations with Venezuela
China doesn’t approves good relations with Taiwan.
4. Military Expenditures/ spending on defense programs:
The military expenditure is 0.61% of GDP, about 360,8 million dollars
The last big defense program was the adquisition of 8 light attack planes Embraer Super
Tucano for 93,7 million dollars.
Sources used for the investigation:
• For Politics:
o www.ejercito.mil.do
o www.etimologias.dechile.net
• For Society and People:
o www.un.org
o www.studylands.com
o www.dominicanaonline.org
o www.pld.org.do
o www.prd.org.do
o www.alianzapais.com.do
o www.dxc.do
o www.one.gov.do
o www.tradingeconomics..com
• For Geography:
o Wikipedia
o www.hoy.com.do
o http://www.onamet.gov.do/
• For Economy:
o www.dominicantoday.com
o www.tradinfeconimics.com
o www.acento.dom.do
o www.forbes.com
• For Domestic Policy:
o www.poderjudicial.gob.do
o www.senado.gov.do
o www.duluclawyer.com/
o www.minerd.gob.do
• For Foreign Policy:
o www.un.org
o www.exteriores.gov.es

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My country facts marta perez_ortega

  • 1.
  • 2. My Country Facts – Marta Pérez Ortega – 3º E Official country name: Dominican Republic, this name is an acknowledgement to the Dominicus Religious Order because of their efforts on the defense of native’s rights (i.e. they founded the first university of America in 1538 in Santo Domingo). Previusly to this name, was called “Santo Domingo Español” or “Santo Domingo Oriental” to avoid confussion with the western part of the island that in that time was a French colony called “Saint Domingue” The capital of this country is called “Santo Domingo de Guzman” in recognition of the founder of the Dominicus Order. Location: Dominican Republic takes up about a 40% of the Hispaniola island which belongs to the Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean region of Central America (further information can be found in the 1st and 2nd points of the Geography section). The surface of this country are 48,442 km2. Year that country joined the UN: Is a founder member of the United Nations on 24th October – 1945 taking part of the 51 states whose signed the UN chart on 26th june – 1945. The permanent representative is the ambassador Francisco A. Cortorreal whose is collaborating in activities related to human rights including some of them specifically for women, elderly rigths, domestic violence, peace and security.
  • 3. People: 1.What are the people of the country called? The people of this country are called “Dominicans”, the natives were called “tahinos indians”. 2.What is the official language? What other languages do people speak? The Spanish is the official language, is usually spoken very loud and quick and can be mixed with slang terms. Also is spoken: • French Haitian criolle by inmigrants • English Caribbean criolle • English, spoken in tourist areas by the Dominicans, North Americans, British, high class and inmigrants • Arabic by 4.000 people • Chinesse by 26.000 people 3.What is the most-practiced religion? Catholic religion is the most-practiced in Dominican Republic, in fact some of the first churches in America where built in this country, stadistics says that the 64% of the Dominicans declare themselves as catholic practicioners. There exists a concordat between the state and The Vatican since 1954 whose influences in all social, economic and political stratum. All the national celebrations are related to the catholic cult like the Holly Week, Christmas and the patron saint’s day on many towns. The “Virgin of Altagracia” is the spiritual mother of the Dominicans. Since S. XX some protestants churches are present in the country and there are some voodoo and “Santeria Cubana“ practicings due to Haitian and Cuban influences. The first inhabitans of the island (tahino Indians) practiced polytheism religion to justify the origin of the world and the human life, their gods were called cemíes and the priest were the “behiques”. 70% of Dominicans attends usually ceremonys but more women than men (77 vs. 64%).
  • 4. Flag: The National Flag has two colors: blue and red disposed in four quatrants alternating that colors (blue and red on the top, red and blue on the bottom). There is a white cross delimitating the quadrants and a coat of arms just in the middle of the flag. The red color means the blood spilled by their liberators, the blue color represents that God protects the nation and the white cross is related with peace and union The coat of arms is composed of a shield of red and blue colors with six spears, a bible and a golden cristian cross, all of this is rounded by: • A laurel branch on the left • A palm frond on the right • A red ribbon with the text “República Dominicana” • A blue ribbon with the text “God, fatherland and Liberty” The official anthem is “valiant quisqueyans”, keeping in mind that quisqueya is an taino term for the Hispaniola island, a quisqueyans is a Dominican citizen, the lyrics of the anthem talk about fight for liberty and be proud of being Dominicans.
  • 5. Government: 1. Is it a democratic or a non-democratic state? Dominican Republic is actually a democratic state, presidential elections take place every four years on the second Sunday of may, to being president a candidate needs more than 50% of valid votes to avoid a run-off election between two candidates about one month later. The authority that organizes and controls the elections is the Junta Electoral Central as is disposed by the Constitution. There is also elections to choose congressman, mayors and city councilors every four years. There exists democratic elections since 1966 after an invasion of the USA to finish a civil war afterwards 30 years of dictatorship by Rafael Leonidas Trujillo. 2. What is the name of the leader of the country? The actual president of the Dominican Republic is Danilo Medina, leader of the Partido de la Liberación Dominicana (PLD) whose won in 2012 at first round to the leader of the opposition Hipólito Mejía from the Partido Revolucionario Dominicano (PRD). The vice-president is Margarita Cedeño de Fernandez. Their electoral platform includes some actions like: • Educational Agreement: award the 4% of gross domestic product to educations politics, building schools and promoting a literacy plan to eradicate illiteracy • Fiscal Agreement • Energy Agreement renegotiating contracts with electric companys and building new wind and coal power plants • Renegotiation of mining contracts • Setting up of a Solidary Bank • Increased coverage on social security system • Microcredits to farmers and small enterprises The next presidential elections will take place in 2016.
  • 6. 3.What type of government is the country ruled by ? Dominican Republic is a representative democracy with presidential elections every four years The president of the republic is chief of state and chief of govern. Every of the 31 provinces are ruled by a govern representative named by the President, elections decide the administrators of townships and national districts. 4. Is there a separation of powers? Which institution/person is in charge of each of the powers? Yes, there is separation of powers: executive, judicial and legislative Executive Power The president and the vicepresident are voted by the citizens for a 4 years period, the cabinet is choosen by the president and can be removed at anytime, is composed of the ministers. The minister council is composed by the ministers, the vice-president and the president. Department Position Principal Ministerio de la Presidencia Ministro de la Presidencia Gustavo Montalvo Ministerio de las Fuerzas Armadas Ministro de las Fuerzas Armadas Teniente General, Ejercito R.D.Maximo William Muñoz Delgado Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores Ministro de Relaciones Exteriores Andres Navarro Ministerio de Economía, Planificación y Desarrollo Ministro de Economía, Planificación y Desarrollo Juan Temístocles Montás Procurador General de la República Procurador General de la República Francisco Domíguez Brito Ministerio de Interior y Polícia Ministro de Interior y Polícia José Ramón Fadul Ministerio de Hacienda Ministro de Hacienda Simón Lizardo Ministerio Administrativo de la Presidencia Ministro Administrativo de la Presidencia José Ramón Peralta Ministerio de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social Ministro de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social Altagracia Guzman Marcelino Ministerio de Obras Públicas y Comunicaciones Ministro de Obras Públicas y Comunicaciones Gonzalo Castillo
  • 7. Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales Ministro de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales Bautista Rojas Gómez Ministerio de Industria y Comercio Ministro de Industria y Comercio José del Castillo Saviñón Ministerio de Agricultura Ministro de Agricultura Luís Ramón Rodríguez Ministerio de Turismo Ministro de Turismo Francisco J. García Ministerio de Educación Superior, Ciencia y Tecnología Ministro de Educación Superior, Ciencia y Tecnología Ligia Amada Melo Vda. Cardona Ministerio de Deportes, Educación Física y Recreación Ministro de Deportes, Educación Física y Recreación Jaime David Fernández Mirabal Ministerio de Trabajo Ministro de Trabajo Maritza Hernáandez Ministerio de Cultura de República Dominicana Ministro de Cultura Antonio Rodríguez Ministerio de Administración Pública Ministro de Administración Pública Ramón Ventura Camejo Ministerio de la Mujer Ministra de la Mujer Alejandrina Germán Ministerio de la Juventud Ministro de la Juventud Jorge Minaya
  • 8. Judicial Power The Supreme Court of Justice is the supreme tribunal of the state, their 16 members(leaded by Mariano German Mejía) are promoted by the “Consejo Nacional de la Magistratura” and have jurisdiction on criminal actions against the President of the republic, the cabinet and the congressmen, also decides the “recurso de casacion” from verdicts from lower tribunals. The judicial power is organized in 11 judicial departments and 35 judicial districts, has appeal courts, magistrate’s courts and peace courts. Legislative Power There are two chambers in the National Congress: • The Senate as a body of territorial representation with 32 seats, one for every province and another por the National District, the president of the Dominican Senate is Cristina Lizardo Mézquita. • The Congress (Cámara de Diputados) with 178 seats, the president is Abel Martínez Durán.
  • 9. 5.What are the main political parties of the country (socialist party, communist party, green party, republicans, democrats, etc.)? Describe briefly their ideas. PLD – Partido de la Liberación Dominicana It’s ideals are centre-left, founded in 1973, leaded by Leonel Fernández. Their ideology is socioliberalism, progresism and modernization and their ideas are practiced since 2012 becouse they are in charge of the governance of the nation as is detailed previusly PRD – Partido Revolucionario Dominicano It’s ideals are centre-left, founded in 1939, leaded by Miguel Vargas Maldonado. They pursue it’s motto “national sovereignty, freedom, democracy and social justice” with political, economical and social reforms to assure for the people the benefits of their work and from the natural resources. ALPAIS – Alianza Pais It’s ideals are centre-left and liberal, founded in 2011, leaded by Guillemo Moreno García. Their motto is “for an honest govern”, looking for fight against the actual corrupted political model, so they define themselves as an altenative to the tradicional political parties. DxC – Dominicanos por el Camio It’s ideals are centre-rigt and cristian democracy, founded in 2010, leaded by Eduardo Estrella, they suggest to protect the social, cultural, institutional and ecological heritage of the nation. 4.Was your country ever a colony? If so, when did it gain its independence? Yes, it was a Spanish colony because in 1492 Christopher Columbus took possession of this territory in the name of the Catholic Kings, the Spanish ruled until 1795 when was transferred to France. But after a few years the colony came back to spain for a few years but in 1822 the Haitians invaded the territory until 1844 when the independence was reached, but in 1861 returned to Spain for four years until it recovered the independence. In 1916 after a long crisis period the USA invaded the country to restore stability but a dictatorship ruled the country until the second invasion of the USA in 1965. The consolidated democracy and liberty started in 1966.
  • 10. Population: 1. How many inhabitants does the country have? The last census of 2010 shows 9.478.612 inhabitants, today are estimated 9.980.243 inhabitants. The ethnic groups are: • 72,9% mixed (from full whites to full blacks) • 16,1% white • 10,9 % black • 0,1 % asian The 31,2% of the population is under 15 years old and the 6% are over 65 years old. 2. Population density The population density are 197 inhbitants/km2 The 63% of the population lives in urban areas and the most density reported is the Cibao Valley. 3. Birth Rate. Reasons The birth rate is 20,83 per 1.000 people, the rate is reducing because of: • There are more knowledge and sexual education, and access to contraceptives. • The religion is not so taken into account on this topic • There are no need og have many sons whose must take care of elderly fathers because of there exists a pension system. • Early age marriages and teenager pregnants are reducing.
  • 11. 4. Death Rate. Reasons The death rate is 5,9 per 1.000 people, the trending is an reducing rate because of: • Better hygiene habits • Less poverty so there isn’t lack of food • Better nutricional habits • Stronger sanitary system
  • 12. 5. Natural Growth. Reasons The natural growt rate is 15,34 per 1.000 inhabitants. Between 1950 and 1990 Dominican population has tripledl in two phases: From 1950 to 1970 grew quickly because of high natality and progressively controled mortality From 1970 until today grew more slowly because of strong natality reduction and the emigratory Process.. 6. How do migrations affect your country? This country receives a lot of inmigrants and has many emigrants. The Haitian inmigrants affect negatively to to the sanitary system because of public hospitals must attend people without regarding of nationality of legal status, due to it’s poverty nearly one million turns to the social services that are overflowed The emigrants to Puerto Rico and the USA send over a lot of money to Dominican Republic to help their families.
  • 13. Migrations: 1. Number of immigrants. Where do they come from? Why? The inmigrants in the s.XX & XXI came from: • Asia (Arabs, Koreans and Chinese) working as agricultural laborers and merchants due to political chases or poverty in their countries, they are about 150.000 people. • Haiti (more than 800.000), they enter illegally escaping from misery and work at very low-paying and unskilled jobs in contruction and agricultural plantations, some of them are severely exploited 2. Number of emigrants. Where do they go? Why? • The first important emigration series begun in 1961 due to political instability and the ease of obtain US visas. • From 1666 to 1978 continued because of poverty, political repression and the help of the first arrivals • The 3rd wave started in the early 80’s due underemployment, inflation, and the rise in value of the dollar. So, there are about 1,7 millions of Dominicans or it’s descents living in the USA, today there is an increasing emigration to Puerto Rico with 70.000 people. 3. Legislation of the country connected to migrations. The applicable Dominican laws are the “Ley sobre Migración No. 285-04 del 15 de agosto del año 2004”. According to this law, any foreigner may enter into the country showing it’s Passport and any of this documents: • Visa • Temporary residence • Definitive residence There exists some exceptions for determinated nations that have treaties with the Dominican Republic. The visa is the most important document to gain access to the country, is granted by the “Secretaría de Estado de Relaciones Exteriores en la República Dominicana” or by a Dominican consulate. There are different visa types depending on the expected activities, reasons and conditions, may be for tourism, business, residence, students,… Each of them has it’s own characteristics, for example a tourism visa allows people to stay for 60 extendables days. As said before, some citizen of a number of nations are exonerated from tourism visa, they need only a tourist card (i.e. Spain) and other like Argentina or Chile even doesn’t need that card.
  • 14. Foreigner can being residents if according to his activities pretends to live in Dominican territory, can be temporary (if it’s coming for a determinate period of time) or permanent residence if he pretends to live definitely on Dominican Republic. First they must obtain the Temporary residence and at last the Definitive residence in the “Dirección General de Migración”. There exists an special residence category called “investment residence” for employees, husbands, wifes and sons if they accomplish at least one of this conditions: • Bring US$200,000.00 • Workers in free trade zones • Executives • Retired workers. 4. Institutions in charge of migrants. There are several institutions with responsabilities related to migrants: • Ministry of Education: To educate the sons of inmigrant and figth against illiteracy • Health services: Because public health is free for everybody and must control to avoid spreads like tuberculosis or HIV • Police: Patrolling the Haitian frontier and prosecuting illegal inmigration • Justice courts: Deciding about deportations and social abuses on inmigrants • NGO (Non-governmental organizations like Caritas or Red Cross • Catholic Church: Giving help to the inmigrants
  • 15. 5. Problems connected to migrations. There are social and judicial problems related to the illegal immigrants from Haiti, for instance, at last 180.000 haitians may be deported for lacking of visa according to the “Plan de Regularización de Extranjeros” and it’s corresponding law and some sentences of the Supreme Court of Justice. All of them are efforts to normalise the conditions of foreigners but 87% of them are Haitians, but a massive deportation must keep in mind the impact on the economy because many of them work on building sector, farming or domestic works. Another problem are the newborns in Dominican Republic whose fathers are illegal immigrants because there is a legal limbo for them. Some interesting data about Haitian immigrants: • In the farming sector 18% are Haitians • In the building sector 29% are Haitians • In commerce sector 5,4% are Haitians • In hotels sector 3,7% are Haitians • In whole laboral forzce 7% are Haitians • Between 2000 and 2014 the use of Haitians worker grew more than 440% The most important reason about this numbers are that they are paid about 40% less than Dominicans and the employers usually doesn’t pay social taxes for them The UN estimates that Haitians represent the 5,4% of Dominican Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (about US$3.456 millions by US$64.000 total millions in 2014.
  • 16. In the other side are the high economic costs on social care for this collective that sends money to Haiti in about 25% of GDP.
  • 17. Geography: 1.Where is the country?. Dominican Republic takes up about 2/3 of the Eastern side of the La Española island, in the Greater Antilles.the rest of the island belongs to Haiti. Is the 2nd greatest nation on the Caribbean (the 1st is Cuba) At north and east is the Atlantic Ocean, in the south is the Caribbean sea and in the west is Haiti. The capital is Santo Domingo, in the southern coast. Near to the coast there are small island s like Saona and Beata and some submerged banks like Navidad Bank, Silver Bank and Mouchoir Bank. 2.What other nations border the country?
  • 18. • North: The Atlantic Ocean • West: The only terrestrial border, limitis with Haiti in a nearly 400 km. frontier • East: The Puerto Rico island • South: The Caribbean Sea and Venezuela 3.What kind of landscape does the country have? Positive and negative things of it. The landscape of the Dominican Republic is forested and mountainous, with valleys, plains and plateaus. The Dominican coastline stretches for 1,633 km, and is bordered by the Caribbean Sea to the south and the Atlantic Ocean to the north. Sandy beaches are found along the coastline. This country has the highest peak of the Caribbean (Pico Duarte with 3.098 metres), the lowest point in the Caribbean (Enriquillo lake al -45 metres) and the shortest river in the world (San Rafael river, 3 km). There are four important mountain ranges: • Northern Mountain Range • Central Mountain Range • Sierra de Neiba • Sierra de Bahoruco The biggest plain is the Caribbean Coastal Plain located and the north-east of Santo Domingo, is very fertile and has many sugar plantations and savannahs, other plains are arid kike the Azua Plain) About Rivers, the four most important are • Yaque del Norte river (the longest) • Yuna river • San Juan river • Artibonito river The are algo many lakes and coastal lagoons, some of them contains fresh water and some have salt water.
  • 19. The positive things of this landscapes are: • The 1,633 km of coastal surface have many delightful sandy beaches that allowed th settle an important tourist sector. • The plains are fertile so are used to farm coconuts, pineapple and sugar The negative things of this landscapes are: • There are many mountain ranges that represent problems to farming and building roads • The relatively short rivers doesn’t allow to build big dams. 4.What kind of climate does it have? Pros and cons of the climate. The prevailing climate of this country is tropical with a lot of rains, the average temperatura is between 25 and 35 °C, but there are some extreme conditions on high altitude regions like Valle Nuevo (-15 °C in some winters) and some years there is some snow precipitations on Pico Duarte. Becouse of being near to the Ecuator the day lengths about 11-13 hours. There is a rainy season from april to november mostly in may, august and September. The least rainy period is form December to March. The precipitations vary from only 455 mm anually in Hoya de Enriquillo (Neyba Valley) to 2,743 mm on the northeast coastal. This climate is affected by the alisium winds and the mountain ranges promoting big rain variations, but in fact are very similar to other near islands like Cuba or Jamaica. The pros of the climate are: • Usually rainy so there are many farming • There are no big climate variations and the big humidity promotes farming • The warm temperatures are good for tourism
  • 20. The cons of the climate are: • The torrential rains causes slips terrains. • There are one or two hurricanes and about one tropical storm within a year, The last 5- force hurricane was David in 1979.
  • 21. Economy: 1.What is the most common sector of employment in the country? This nation has one of the most GDP in Central America and Caribbean ($ 13.500 per capita) and it’s been duplicated in only few years. Domincan Republic GDP is ranked 87 from 180 nations. • The most common sector of employment are the services sector, mostly tourism. • The second is the industry sector favoured by the free trade zones • The agriculture is the 3rd one • Not properly a sector of employment but likewise important are the money send home by the emigrants] 2.What is the unemployment rate of your country (by percentage)? The unemployment rate is ranked by the Central Bank, it is ranked at nearly 15% of the work force The graphic bar shows that in the last years the unemployment rate varies between 14,1 and 15,1 %. The employment politics are: • Regulate and promote the laboral rigths of workers • Control the obligations of employers • Set minimum work conditions, maximum laboral hours per day and rest times • Prevention of laboral risks • Survey systems to detect infractions
  • 22. • Insurances to cover unemployment periods and Support services to search por employment and training 3.What is the percentage of contribution of its sectors? The occupation by sectors are: Another way of study the importance of economic sectors on the country is showing the GDP composition, again the order is services (the most important), industry and agriculture 5. Energy: production/consumption; exports/imports The Dominican Republic has no petroleum or gas fields and there are no nuclear plants so the only way to obtain energy is by power plants This country has no possibility of exporting energy and as being an island must generate it’s own energy importing fuel and coal:
  • 23. This plants tradicionally have not enought capacity to generate energy for people and industry so Dominican Republic has an energetic crisis, there are problems like blackouts, illegal connections and high taxes. Until the 90’s the energy sector was completely an state responsibility but today private enterprises take part in generation, distribution or commercilization of electric energy but this crisis is still a problem to attract foreign investments and develop the national industry because cost por kw is very expensive. The electricity reaches today the 88% of the population but is expected to increase until the 95%. Due to the expected increasing of electrical energy from actual 13 GW/h to 24 GW/h in a few years the goverment is investing on new coal plants and a new port to unload the coal. As a response to the electricity supply crisis many people turned to alternative self-generation units such as small diesel generators, kerosene lamps or large power generators (for large industrial consumers). The costs associated with this self-generation capacity are very high as they include equipment purchase, maintenance and fuel supply. This affects the residential, commercial and industrial sectors.
  • 24. Domestic Policy: 1. Which are the current issues that affect your country in domestic policy? The government is trying to give response to issues like: • Delincuence • Economic situation and unemployment • Illegal inmigratión • Energetic crisis 2. Which are the main policies about healthcare? The main policies of the sanitary system are: • Restructuring of regional public health services • Total Access to medicines for the population • Guarantee health services to the poor people. • Promote the epidemic surveillance system • Better human resource politics
  • 25. 3. Which are the main policies about education? According to the “Decennial Education Plan” from 2008 to 2018 the main politics about education are: • Beginning at five years old every child must receive at least nine years of basic school attendance. • Consolidate the medium level of educational courses and expand adult schools. • Guarantee a good level of reading comprehension, mathematical reasoning and ethical principles. • Set quality standards and strong evaluation system • Assure daily time schedule and school calendar compliance and promote and guarantee a strong human resources system for teachers
  • 26. 4. Taxes and other revenues Taxes are managed by the “Dirección General de Impuestos Internos”, the most important are: • Income tax Taxes every income, deposito or benefit obtained by people or legal entity • Tax over transfering of services and industrial goods Is a tax over transference or importing industrial goods or the provision of a service on sectors like telecommunications, hotel industry or rental services • Impuesto selective al consumo Selective comsumption tax Tax over manufacturing and payments via banking checks or electronic transactions • Impuesto sobre Sucesiones y Donaciones Succession and donation tax Tax over transmission of goods in case of death or donations • Other taxes for vehicles, buildings or homes, casinos etc. 5. Debt: The last published data about national debt is from 2014 with 16.863 millions €, it means an increase of 893 millions respect the year before (15.970 millions € in 2013). 16.863 millions € are the 34,99% of GDP, it means an increase of 0,39 % respect 2013. Looking back at years before the evolution of the public debt is increasing in terms of total millions and percentage of GDP, for instance, in 2004 was 4.229 millions € which means 22,50% of GDP. Another kind of study debt is looking for debt by inhabitant, in 2014 was 1.706 € per inhabitant and in 2013 was 1.632 euros, so there is an increase of 74 € and in 2004 was only by 477 €.
  • 27. Foreign Policy: 1. Which are the main current issues that affect your country in foreign policy? The Dominican Republic is boosting new diplomatic relationship with Central Europe, Middle East, Africa and Asia. Has signed reciently agreements with the nations grouped in CARICOM and Central America, another with the USA and is expected the sign of another with the European Union. Because of multipolar politics has algo relations with China, Venezuela and Cuba. 2.Which are the main conflicts that have affected your country? The illegal migrations from Haiti to Dominican Republic has been a source of conflict between this country and the United Nations because some accusations related to do not respect human rights and pretend massive deportations.
  • 28. USA wasn’t approved good relations with Cuba. 3. Which are the main conflicts that affect your country? USA doesn’t approves good relations with Venezuela China doesn’t approves good relations with Taiwan. 4. Military Expenditures/ spending on defense programs: The military expenditure is 0.61% of GDP, about 360,8 million dollars The last big defense program was the adquisition of 8 light attack planes Embraer Super Tucano for 93,7 million dollars. Sources used for the investigation: • For Politics: o www.ejercito.mil.do o www.etimologias.dechile.net • For Society and People: o www.un.org o www.studylands.com o www.dominicanaonline.org o www.pld.org.do o www.prd.org.do o www.alianzapais.com.do o www.dxc.do o www.one.gov.do o www.tradingeconomics..com • For Geography: o Wikipedia o www.hoy.com.do o http://www.onamet.gov.do/ • For Economy: o www.dominicantoday.com o www.tradinfeconimics.com o www.acento.dom.do o www.forbes.com • For Domestic Policy: o www.poderjudicial.gob.do o www.senado.gov.do
  • 29. o www.duluclawyer.com/ o www.minerd.gob.do • For Foreign Policy: o www.un.org o www.exteriores.gov.es