1. Remote SensingRemote Sensing
&&
ApplicationsApplications
Dr. Muhammad BasharatDr. Muhammad Basharat

4. Remote SensingRemote Sensing
 Remote Sensing:Remote Sensing:
 The art and science of obtaining information aboutThe art and science of obtaining information about
an object without physically contact between thean object without physically contact between the
object and sensorobject and sensor
 The processes of collecting information aboutThe processes of collecting information about
Earth surfaces and phenomena using sensors notEarth surfaces and phenomena using sensors not
in physical contact with the surfaces andin physical contact with the surfaces and
phenomena of interest.phenomena of interest.
 There is a medium of transmission involved i.e.There is a medium of transmission involved i.e.
Earth’s Atmosphere.Earth’s Atmosphere.

5. History of RemoteHistory of Remote
SensingSensing
 Balloon photographyBalloon photography
(1858)(1858)
 Pigeon camerasPigeon cameras
(1903)(1903)
 Kite photographyKite photography
(1890)(1890)
 Aircraft (WWI andAircraft (WWI and
WWII)WWII)
 Space (1947)Space (1947)
Images: Jensen (2000)

7. Remote sensing literature-Remote sensing literature-
JJournal/Conferencesournal/Conferences
 Photogrammetric Engineering andPhotogrammetric Engineering and
Remote sensing (PE & RS)Remote sensing (PE & RS)
 Photogrammetric RecordPhotogrammetric Record
 International Journal of RemoteInternational Journal of Remote
SensingSensing
 ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry andISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and
Remote SensingRemote Sensing
 ISPRS conference proceedingsISPRS conference proceedings
 IGARSS conference proceedingsIGARSS conference proceedings

8. Remote sensing literature -BRemote sensing literature -Booksooks
 Askne, J. (1995).Askne, J. (1995). Sensors andSensors and
Environmental applications of remoteEnvironmental applications of remote
sensingsensing, Balkema, Rotterdam, NL, Balkema, Rotterdam, NL
 Campbell, J. B. , 1996.Campbell, J. B. , 1996. Introduction toIntroduction to
Remote SensingRemote Sensing . 2. 2ndnd
ed.,Taylor and Francis,ed.,Taylor and Francis,
LondonLondon
 Dengre, J. (1994).Dengre, J. (1994). Thematic Mapping fromThematic Mapping from
satellite imagerysatellite imagery : Guide book, Elsevier ltd,: Guide book, Elsevier ltd,
BoulevardBoulevard
 Lillesand, T. M. and R. W. Kiefer, 2000.Lillesand, T. M. and R. W. Kiefer, 2000.
Remote Sensing and ImageRemote Sensing and Image
Interpretation.Interpretation. 44thth
ed., John Wiley and Sons,ed., John Wiley and Sons,
Inc. New YorkInc. New York
 Simonette, D. S. (ed) (1983)Simonette, D. S. (ed) (1983) Manual ofManual of

10. OutlineOutline
 Some basic concept of Remote SensingSome basic concept of Remote Sensing
 Electromagnetic Radiations (Energy)Electromagnetic Radiations (Energy)
(EMR)(EMR)
 ResolutionResolution
 TypesTypes
 ApplicationsApplications

12. Remote sensing cycleRemote sensing cycle
 Remote Sensing Includes:Remote Sensing Includes:
 A) The mission plan and choice of sensorsA) The mission plan and choice of sensors
 B) The reception, recording, and processing of theB) The reception, recording, and processing of the
signal datasignal data
 C) The analysis of the resultant data.C) The analysis of the resultant data.

13. Energy Source or Illumination (A)
Radiation and the Atmosphere (B)
Interaction with the Target (C)
Recording of Energy by the Sensor (D)
Transmission, Reception, and
Processing (E)
Interpretation and Analysis (F)
Application (G)
Source: Canadian Centre for Remote Sensing
Remote Sensing Process Components

14. Electromagnetic SpectrumElectromagnetic Spectrum

15. Electromagnetic RadiationElectromagnetic Radiation

16. Signature SpectraSignature Spectra

17. Fundamental termFundamental term
 AllAll remote sensing systems haveremote sensing systems have four typesfour types ofof
resolution:resolution:
 SpatialSpatial
 SpectralSpectral
 TemporalTemporal
 RadiometricRadiometric
ResolutionResolution

18. Spatial ResolutionSpatial Resolution
 The earth surface area covered by a pixelThe earth surface area covered by a pixel
of an image is known as spatial resolutionof an image is known as spatial resolution
 Large area covered by a pixel means lowLarge area covered by a pixel means low
spatial resolution and vice versaspatial resolution and vice versa

19. High vs. Low?
Spatial Resolution
Source: Jensen (2000)

20. Spectral ResolutionSpectral Resolution
 Is the ability to resolve spectral featuresIs the ability to resolve spectral features
and bands into their separate componentsand bands into their separate components
 More number of bands in a specifiedMore number of bands in a specified
bandwidth means higher spectralbandwidth means higher spectral
resolution and vice versaresolution and vice versa

21. Temporal ResolutionTemporal Resolution
 Frequency at which images are recorded/Frequency at which images are recorded/
captured in a specific place on the earth.captured in a specific place on the earth.
 The more frequently it is captured, the better orThe more frequently it is captured, the better or
finer the temporal resolution is said to befiner the temporal resolution is said to be
 For example, a sensor that captures an image ofFor example, a sensor that captures an image of
an agriculture land twice a day has betteran agriculture land twice a day has better
temporal resolution than a sensor that onlytemporal resolution than a sensor that only
captures that same image once a week.captures that same image once a week.

22. Temporal ResolutionTemporal Resolution
Time
July 1 July 12 July 23 August 3
11 days
16 days
July 2 July 18 August 3

23. Radiometric ResolutionRadiometric Resolution
 Sensitivity of the sensor to the magnitudeSensitivity of the sensor to the magnitude
of the received electromagnetic energyof the received electromagnetic energy
determines the radiometric resolutiondetermines the radiometric resolution
 Finer the radiometric resolution of aFiner the radiometric resolution of a
sensor, if it is more sensitive in detectingsensor, if it is more sensitive in detecting
small differences in reflected or emittedsmall differences in reflected or emitted
energyenergy

24. Radiometric ResolutionRadiometric Resolution
1023
6-bit range
0 63
8-bit range
0 255
0
10-bit range
2-bit range
0 4

25. Types of Remote SensingTypes of Remote Sensing
 Aerial PhotographyAerial Photography
 MultispectralMultispectral
 Active and Passive Microwave and LIDARActive and Passive Microwave and LIDAR

26. Some known satellitesSome known satellites
 NOAA-AVHRR (1100 m)NOAA-AVHRR (1100 m)
 GOES (700 m)GOES (700 m)
 MODIS (250, 500, 1000 m)MODIS (250, 500, 1000 m)
 Landsat TM and ETM (30 – 60 m)Landsat TM and ETM (30 – 60 m)
 SPOT (10 – 20 m)SPOT (10 – 20 m)
 IKONOS (4, 1 m)IKONOS (4, 1 m)
 Quickbird (0.6 m)Quickbird (0.6 m)

27. AVHRR (Advanced Very HighAVHRR (Advanced Very High
Resolution Radiometer) NASAResolution Radiometer) NASA

28. GOES (Geostationary OperationalGOES (Geostationary Operational
Environmental Satellites) IR 4Environmental Satellites) IR 4

29. MODIS (250 m)MODIS (250 m)

30. Landsat TMLandsat TM
(False Color Composite)(False Color Composite)

31. SPOT (2.5 m)SPOT (2.5 m)

32. QUICKBIRD (0.6 m)QUICKBIRD (0.6 m)

33. IKONOS (4 m Multispectral)IKONOS (4 m Multispectral)

34. IKONOS (1 m Panchromatic)IKONOS (1 m Panchromatic)

35. RADARRADAR
(Radio Detection and Ranging)(Radio Detection and Ranging)
Image: NASA 2005

36. LIDARLIDAR
(Light Detection and Ranging)(Light Detection and Ranging)
Image: Bainbridge Island,
WA courtesy Pudget Sound
LIDAR Consortium, 2005

37. Applications of Remote SensingApplications of Remote Sensing

38. Source: Jensen (2000)
Application DomainApplication Domain

41. Urban & Regional PlanningUrban & Regional Planning
• Mapping & updation of
city/town maps
• Urban sprawl monitoring
• Town planning
• Facility management
• GIS database development
Scope
Lyari Express Way – Section (Essa Nagri)Lyari Express Way – Section (Essa Nagri)
• Better decision support,
planning & management
• Rapid information updation
• Infrastructure development
monitoring
• Spatial information analysis
Benefits

42. AgricultureAgriculture
• Crop acreage estimation
• Crop modeling for yield &
production forecast / estimation
• Crop & Orchard monitoring
Scope
• Timely availability of crop
statistics for decision making &
planning
• Crop growth monitoring
• Soil status monitoring
• Regular reports regarding total
area under cultivation
Benefits
Banana Plantation – Muhammad Pur (Ghotki)Banana Plantation – Muhammad Pur (Ghotki)
FFC Goth MacchiFFC Goth Macchi
Mar 05, 2006, RecoveryJan 12, 2006, DamageDec 16, 2005, Pre-Frost

43. Pre Flood – 17 July 2006 Post Flood – 09 Aug 2006
10098 acr
3516 acr
● Phulani
● Goth Lataran
● Ural
● Junno Dhand
● Shahpur
● Godhpur
● Than Lake
● Goth Azizpur
● Goth Raza Mahar
● Phulani
● Goth Lataran
● Ural
● Junno Dhand
● Shahpur
● Godhpur
● Than Lake
● Goth Azizpur
● Goth Raza Mahar
● Muhro Mari
● Darapur
● Kot Shahgarch
● Muhro Mari
● Darapur
● Kot Shahgarch
Flood Damage to Standing CropsFlood Damage to Standing Crops
Sukkur

44. ForestryForestry
• Satellite image based forest
resource mapping and updation
• Forest change detection
• Forest resource inventory
• GIS database development
Scope
• Availability of baseline
information
• Planning for aforestation
strategies
• Futuristic resource planning
• Sustainability of environment
• Wild life conservation & development
for recreation purpose
Benefits Sarhad Reserve Forest (Ghotki)
Nausharo
Firoz

45. Sindh Coast Resource MappingSindh Coast Resource Mapping
Satellite image Mangroves forest map
• Mangrove forest monitoring
• Change detection
• Hazard impacts
• Aqua-culture zones
Scope
Benefits
• Availability of updated
information on mangroves
forest
• Planning strategies for
aforestation and deforestation
trend
• Timely Intervention in specific
areas as and when needed

46. Landuse / Landcover MappingLanduse / Landcover Mapping
• Monitoring dynamic changes
• Urban/Rural infrastructure
• Waterlogging & salinity
Scope
• Assessment of spatial distribution
of land resources
• Infrastructure monitoring
• Availability of usable land
• Future planning for better land
management for socio-economic
development
Benefits

47. Infrastructure DevelopmentInfrastructure Development
Larkana-Khairpur Bridge

48. Thanks for patienceThanks for patience