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Lect#3 & Lect#4 Tension Members Pashto.ppt

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in pashto language

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‫پوهنتون‬ ‫زاید‬ ‫شېخ‬ ‫پوهنځۍ‬ ‫انجېنری‬ ‫څانګه‬ ‫سېول‬ ‫ډیزاین‬ ‫سختمانونو‬ ‫فوالدې‬ ‫د‬ CE-308 ‫څپرک‬ ‫دریم‬ ‫ۍ‬ ( ‫عناصر‬ ‫کششی‬ ‫د‬ ) ‫استاد‬ : ‫هاند‬ ‫ایمل‬ ‫پوهنیار‬ emalhand1@gmail.com ۰۷۹۲۹۸۳۳۳۱ / ۰۷۶۵۵۶۵۴۸۰ ۱۳۹۶ ‫ش‬ ‫هـ‬
‫نمونې‬ ‫ساختمانونو‬ ‫کششې‬ Tension Members ‫کششې‬ ‫ساختمانې‬ ‫عناصر‬ : ‫هغه‬ ‫ساختمانونه‬ ‫دې‬ ‫چی‬ ‫د‬ ‫کششې‬ ‫قواوو‬ ‫تر‬ ‫اثر‬ ‫الندې‬ ‫راځ‬ ‫ي‬ . ‫مختلفو‬ ‫ساختمانونو‬ ‫سیستمونو‬ ( ،‫ترس‬ ،‫کیبلونه‬ ‫پلونو‬ ‫او‬ ‫نور‬ .. ) ‫کې‬ ‫استعمالی‬ ‫ږي‬ .
‫نمونې‬ ‫ساختمانونو‬ ‫کششې‬ Typical Tension Members ‫کششې‬ ‫ساختمانونه‬ ‫تر‬ ‫ټولو‬ ‫سپک‬ ‫او‬ ‫اقتصادي‬ ‫ساختمانې‬ ‫سیستمونه‬ ‫دي‬ . D ia g o n a l T en sio n " " C h o rd T en sio n Bo tto m " " Cables
‫کششې‬ ‫نمونې‬ ‫مقاطعو‬ ‫عرضې‬ ‫ساختمانونو‬ Typical Cross Sections of Tension Members ‫مقاطع‬ ‫استعمالیدونکې‬ ‫عام‬ – W/H shapes – Square and Rectangular or round HSS – Tees and Double Tees – Angles and double angles – Channel sections – Cables
 ‫کششې‬ ‫ساختمانې‬ ‫عناصر‬ : ‫محورې‬ ‫کششی‬ ‫قوه‬ ‫عبارت‬ ‫ده‬ ‫له‬ :  f. (Axial Tension Force)  P. (Magnitude of Apply Load)  A. (Original Cross Section) ‫که‬ ‫مقطع‬ ‫د‬ ‫ساختمانې‬ ‫عنصر‬ ‫د‬ ‫طول‬ ‫په‬ ‫امتداد‬ ‫تغېر‬ ‫وکړي‬ ‫نو‬ ‫تر‬ ‫ټولو‬ ‫کوچنې‬ ‫مقطع‬ ‫په‬ ‫پامې‬ ‫ک‬ ‫ي‬ ‫نیول‬ ‫کیږي‬ . ‫په‬ ‫مقطع‬ ‫کې‬ ‫د‬ ‫سوریو‬ ‫شتون‬ ‫د‬ ‫مقطع‬ ‫په‬ ‫مقاومت‬ ‫زیاته‬ ‫اغیزه‬ ‫کوي‬ . ( ‫د‬ ‫مقطع‬ ‫مساحت‬ ‫د‬ ‫سو‬ ‫ریو‬ ‫د‬ ‫مساخت‬ ‫په‬ ‫اندازه‬ ‫کمېږي‬ ) ‫کششې‬ ‫معلومات‬ ‫مقدماتې‬ ‫کې‬ ‫ډیزاین‬ ‫ساختمانونو‬ : A P   A A  Average Stress distribution P B B  A A  B B  Net Area Gross Area
 ‫تر‬ ‫ټولو‬ ‫زیات‬ ‫تشنجات‬ ‫به‬ ‫په‬ ‫کوچنې‬ ‫شوي‬ ‫مقطع‬ ‫کې‬ ‫وجود‬ ‫لري‬ . ‫او‬ ‫د‬ ‫ډیزاین‬ ‫د‬ ‫ت‬ ‫عریف‬ ‫په‬ ‫اساس‬ ‫باید‬ ‫کوچنې‬ ( ‫خالص‬ ‫مساحت‬ ) ‫په‬ ‫محاسباتو‬ ‫کې‬ ‫ونېول‬ ‫ښي‬ .  ‫په‬ ‫کښښې‬ ‫ساختمانې‬ ‫عنصر‬ ‫کې‬ ‫کشش‬ ‫د‬ ‫عرضې‬ ‫مقطع‬ ‫په‬ ‫امتداد‬ ‫یو‬ ‫شان‬ ‫ده‬ ‫په‬ ‫اس‬ ‫تثنأ‬ ‫د‬ :  ‫د‬ ‫وارده‬ ‫بار‬ ‫د‬ ‫عمل‬ ‫نقطې‬ ‫ته‬ ‫نیږدي‬  ‫چېری‬ ‫چې‬ ‫د‬ ‫بولټونو‬ ‫لپاره‬ ‫سورې‬ ‫یا‬ ‫نورو‬ ‫سببونو‬ ‫په‬ ‫اساس‬ ‫غېری‬ ‫تسلس‬ ‫ل‬ ‫موجود‬ ‫وي‬ .  ‫کششې‬ ‫عناصرو‬ ‫د‬ ‫ډیزاین‬ ‫مشحصاتو‬ Design Specifications ‫په‬ D ‫څپرکې‬ ‫کې‬ ‫ښودل‬ ،‫شوی‬ ‫او‬ ‫عام‬ ‫او‬ ‫مشترک‬ ‫مشخصات‬ ‫یی‬ ‫د‬ B ‫په‬ ‫څپرکې‬ ‫کې‬ ‫ښودل‬ ‫شوي‬ . ‫کششې‬ ‫معلومات‬ ‫مقدماتې‬ ‫کې‬ ‫ډیزاین‬ ‫ساختمانونو‬ : ‫ادامه‬ ....
 ‫الندې‬ ‫شکل‬ ‫کې‬ ‫یو‬ ‫کششی‬ ‫ساختمانې‬ ‫عنصر‬ ‫چې‬ ‫د‬ ‫اتکأ‬ ‫سره‬ ‫نټ‬ – ‫بولټ‬ ‫په‬ ‫مر‬ ‫سته‬ ‫وصل‬ ‫ښودل‬ ،‫شوی‬ ‫د‬ ‫پلیټ‬ ‫مساخت‬ ‫یی‬ ‫عبارت‬ ‫دي‬ ‫له‬ : ‫کششې‬ ‫معلومات‬ ‫مقدماتې‬ ‫کې‬ ‫ډیزاین‬ ‫ساختمانونو‬ : ‫ادامه‬ ....
 ‫سیالیت‬ ‫حد‬ ‫لپاره‬ ‫مجموعې‬ ‫مساخت‬ ‫او‬ ‫د‬ ‫غوڅېدنې‬ ‫لپاره‬ ‫خالص‬ ‫مساحت‬ ‫په‬ ‫پام‬ ‫کې‬ ‫نېول‬ ‫کېږی‬ .  ‫د‬ ‫ساختمان‬ ‫تحلیل‬ Structure Analysis ‫یوه‬ ‫مستقیمه‬ ‫کړنالره‬ ،‫ده‬ ‫حال‬ ‫دا‬ ‫چې‬ ‫د‬ ‫ساختمان‬ ‫ډیزاین‬ Structure Design ‫دورایز‬ ‫شکل‬ ‫سره‬ ‫ترسره‬ ‫کېږی‬ ‫چی‬ ‫کېدای‬ ‫شې‬ ‫چی‬ ‫هڅې‬ ‫او‬ ‫خطأ‬ ‫عملیې‬ ‫ته‬ ‫پکې‬ ‫ضرورت‬ ‫شي‬ . ‫کششې‬ ‫معلومات‬ ‫مقدماتې‬ ‫کې‬ ‫ډیزاین‬ ‫ساختمانونو‬ : ‫ادامه‬ ....
 ‫کششي‬ ‫عنصر‬ ‫کیدلې‬ ‫شې‬ ‫په‬ ‫دوؤ‬ ‫حدې‬ ‫حالتونو‬ ‫کې‬ ‫کې‬ ‫تخریب‬ ‫شي‬ : .i ‫ډیر‬ ‫زیات‬ ‫تغېر‬ ‫شکل‬ .ii ‫غوڅېدنه‬  ‫د‬ ‫لومړې‬ ‫حالت‬ ‫تخریب‬ ‫چې‬ ‫د‬ ‫سیالیت‬ ‫حد‬ ‫کې‬ ‫رامنځته‬ ،‫کېږي‬ ‫د‬ ‫مخنوې‬ ‫لپاره‬ ‫باید‬ ‫د‬ ‫وارده‬ ‫بارنو‬ ‫له‬ ‫امله‬ ‫په‬ ‫خالصه‬ ‫مقطع‬ ‫کې‬ ‫رامنځته‬ ‫کیدونکې‬ ‫تشنجات‬ ‫د‬ ‫سیالیت‬ ‫حد‬ Fy ‫څخه‬ ‫کوچنې‬ ‫وي‬ .  ‫دویم‬ ‫ډول‬ ‫تخریب‬ ‫څخه‬ ‫د‬ ‫مخنوې‬ ‫لپاره‬ ‫باندی‬ ‫تشنجات‬ ‫د‬ ‫نهائی‬ ‫کششی‬ ‫حالت‬ ‫مقاومت‬ ‫څخه‬ ‫زیات‬ ‫نه‬ ‫شي‬ .  ‫پورتنیو‬ ‫دواړو‬ ‫حاالتونو‬ ‫کې‬ ‫باید‬ ‫تشنجات‬ ‫د‬ ‫حدی‬ ‫حالت‬ ‫څخه‬ ‫کوچنې‬ ‫وي‬ : • ‫نو‬ ‫بارونه‬ P ‫باید‬ ‫د‬ F*A ‫څخه‬ ‫کوچنې‬ ‫وی‬ . • ‫د‬ ‫سیالیت‬ ‫حدی‬ ‫حالت‬ ‫لپاره‬ ‫حیالی‬ ‫تشنجات‬ : • ‫د‬ ‫غوڅېدني‬ ‫حدی‬ ‫حالت‬ ‫لپاره‬ ‫خیالی‬ ‫تشنجات‬ : ‫کششې‬ ‫مقاومت‬ Tensile Strength - :
 ‫د‬ LRFD ‫ډیزاین‬ ‫کړنالره‬ ‫کې‬ ‫فکتورې‬ ‫قواوو‬ ‫د‬ ‫ډیزاین‬ ‫مقاومت‬ ‫سره‬ ‫رابطه‬ ‫مو‬ ‫پخوا‬ ‫لوستلی‬ ‫چی‬ ‫د‬ ‫ډیزاین‬ ‫مقاومت‬ ‫مساوې‬ ‫کیږي‬ ‫حیالی‬ ‫مقاومت‬ ‫صرب‬ ‫مقاومت‬ ‫فکتور‬ : ‫یا‬ • ‫د‬ ‫کششې‬ ‫عنصر‬ ‫لپاره‬ ‫یی‬ ‫په‬ ‫الندې‬ ‫ډول‬ ‫معادله‬ ‫ترتیب‬ ‫کوو‬ : - Pu ‫د‬ ‫ډیزاین‬ ‫قوه‬ ‫ده‬ ‫چی‬ ‫د‬ ‫قواوو‬ ‫د‬ ‫همزمان‬ ‫ترکیب‬ ‫حالت‬ ‫اغظمې‬ ‫قیمت‬ ‫څخه‬ ‫عبرت‬ ‫ده‬ - ‫د‬ ‫مقاومت‬ ‫فکتور‬ ϕt ‫یی‬ ‫عبارت‬ ‫ده‬ ‫له‬ : - ‫نو‬ ‫پورتنې‬ ‫معادلی‬ ‫د‬ ‫کششی‬ ‫عناصرو‬ ‫د‬ ‫ډیزاین‬ ‫مقاومت‬ ‫لپاره‬ : - ‫د‬ ‫پورتنېو‬ ‫دوو‬ ‫څخه‬ ‫کوچنې‬ ‫قیمت‬ ‫د‬ ‫ډیزاین‬ ‫مقاومت‬ ‫په‬ ‫نوم‬ ‫یادیږي‬ . LRFD ‫کړنالره‬ :   i i n Q R  
 ‫د‬ ASD ‫ډیزاین‬ ‫کړنالرې‬ ‫په‬ ‫اساس‬ ‫د‬ ‫وارده‬ ‫باونونو‬ ‫مجموغه‬ ‫باید‬ ‫د‬ ‫مجازی‬ ‫مقاومت‬ ‫څخه‬ ‫کوچنې‬ ‫وی‬ : • Pa ‫غوښتل‬ ‫شوي‬ ،‫مقاومت‬ ‫او‬ Pn/Ω ‫مجازی‬ ‫مقاومت‬ ‫څخه‬ ‫عبارت‬ ‫ده‬ .  ‫د‬ ‫کششی‬ ‫حالت‬ ‫سیالیت‬ ‫حدی‬ ‫حالت‬ ‫لپاره‬ ‫خوندیتوب‬ ‫ضریب‬ 1.67 ‫ده‬ :  ‫د‬ ‫کششی‬ ‫حالت‬ ‫د‬ ‫غوڅېدنی‬ ‫حدی‬ ‫حالت‬ ‫لپاره‬ ‫د‬ ‫خوندیتوب‬ ‫ضریب‬ 2 ‫دي‬ : ‫مقاومت‬ ‫مجازی‬ ASD ‫کړنالره‬ ‫ډیزاین‬ :
 ‫د‬ ASD ‫ډیزاین‬ ‫کړنالره‬ ‫کې‬ ‫د‬ ‫قواوو‬ ‫پر‬ ‫ځای‬ ‫تشنجات‬ ‫او‬ ‫د‬ ‫مجازی‬ ‫تشنجاتو‬ ‫سره‬ ‫یی‬ ‫پرتله‬ ‫کړو‬ ‫نو‬ ‫لرو‬ ‫چي‬ : • ft ‫وارده‬ ‫تشنجات‬ • Ft ‫مجازې‬ ‫تشنجات‬ .  ‫د‬ ‫کششی‬ ‫حالت‬ ‫سیالیت‬ ‫حدی‬ ‫حالت‬ ‫لپاره‬ ‫خوندیتوب‬ ‫ضریب‬ 1.67 ‫ده‬ :  ‫د‬ ‫کششی‬ ‫حالت‬ ‫د‬ ‫غوڅېدنی‬ ‫حدی‬ ‫حالت‬ ‫لپاره‬ ‫د‬ ‫خوندیتوب‬ ‫ضریب‬ 2 ‫دي‬ : ‫مقاومت‬ ‫مجازی‬ ASD ‫ډیزاین‬ ‫کړنالره‬ ‫تشنجاتو‬ ‫مجازې‬ ‫کړنالره‬ ‫بدیله‬ :
 ‫د‬ Fy ‫او‬ Fu ‫قیمتونو‬ ‫کوالی‬ ‫شې‬ ‫د‬ ‫فوال‬ ‫دې‬ ‫عناصرو‬ ‫د‬ ‫ډیزاین‬ ‫مختلفو‬ ‫الرښود‬ ‫کت‬ ‫ابونو‬ ‫څخه‬ ‫په‬ ‫الس‬ ‫راوړې‬ . ‫مثال‬ AISC Steel Construction Manual 2.3 Table .  ‫تیاره‬ ‫کړل‬ ‫شوي‬ ‫خانې‬ ‫دا‬ ‫معنی‬ ‫ورکوې‬ ‫چی‬ ‫نظر‬ ‫مقطع‬ ‫ډول‬ ‫او‬ ‫د‬ ‫فوالدو‬ ‫مارک‬ ‫ته‬ ‫شتون‬ ‫لري‬ .  ‫تورې‬ ‫کړل‬ ‫شوی‬ ‫معنی‬ ‫دا‬ ‫چی‬ ‫دا‬ ‫ډول‬ ‫مقطع‬ ‫ډیری‬ ‫عامې‬ ‫او‬ ‫غوره‬ ‫کړل‬ ‫شوی‬ ‫مقاطع‬ ،‫دي‬ ‫لکه‬ ‫د‬ A992 ‫مارک‬ ‫لپاره‬ ‫د‬ W ‫مقطع‬ ‫چی‬ ‫د‬ ‫نورو‬ ‫مارکونو‬ ‫لپاره‬ ‫چی‬ ‫خړ‬ ‫رنګ‬ ‫کړل‬ ‫شوي‬ ‫شتون‬ ‫لری‬ ‫مګر‬ ‫قیمت‬ ‫یی‬ ‫لوړ‬ ‫دی‬ . ‫ارقام‬ ‫ډیزاین‬ ‫د‬ ‫عناصرو‬ ‫فوالدي‬ ‫د‬ :
 ‫د‬ ‫کششی‬ ‫عنصر‬ ‫لپاره‬ ‫ډیزاین‬ ‫مقاومت‬ ‫عبارت‬ ‫ده‬ ‫له‬ : ‫د‬ ‫کششی‬ ‫عنصر‬ ‫لپاره‬ ‫د‬ ‫ډیز‬ ‫این‬ ‫مقاومت‬ ‫تر‬ ‫ټولو‬ ‫کوچنی‬ ‫قیمت‬ ‫د‬ ‫دوؤ‬ ‫حدې‬ ‫حالتونو‬ ‫څخه‬ ‫عبارت‬ ‫ده‬ ( ‫مجموعی‬ ‫مقطع‬ ‫لپاره‬ ‫سیالیت‬ Fy ‫او‬ ‫د‬ ‫خالصې‬ ‫مقطع‬ ‫لپاره‬ ‫غوڅوونکې‬ Fu )  ‫د‬ ‫خالصې‬ ‫مقطع‬ ‫لپاره‬ ‫د‬ ‫غوڅیدنې‬ ‫حالت‬ ‫مقاومت‬ ‫ځکه‬ ‫ډیزاین‬ ‫مقاومت‬ ‫بلل‬ ‫کېږی‬ ‫چی‬ ‫کله‬ ‫قواووی‬ ‫په‬ ‫عنصر‬ ‫باندې‬ ‫عمل‬ ‫وکړی‬ ‫نو‬ ‫لوړي‬ ‫په‬ ‫سورې‬ ‫لرونکې‬ ‫برخه‬ ‫کې‬ ‫سیالی‬ ‫ت‬ ‫حد‬ ‫رامنځته‬ ،‫کېږی‬ ‫څرنګه‬ ‫چې‬ ‫سورې‬ ‫لرونکې‬ ‫برخه‬ ‫نسبت‬ ‫د‬ ‫عنصر‬ ‫اوږدوالی‬ ‫ته‬ ‫ډی‬ ‫ره‬ ‫کوچنې‬ ‫ده‬ ‫نو‬ ‫مجموعی‬ ‫اوږدیدنه‬ ‫نه‬ ‫شو‬ ‫ورته‬ ‫ویلی‬ .  ‫د‬ ‫مقاومت‬ ‫فکتور‬ ‫د‬ ‫غوڅېدنې‬ ‫لپاره‬ t = 0.75 ‫چې‬ ‫د‬ ‫سیالیت‬ t = 0.90 ‫په‬ ‫پرتله‬ ‫کوچنې‬ ،‫ده‬ ‫چې‬ ‫دا‬ ‫معنې‬ ‫ورکوي‬ ‫د‬ ‫غوڅېدنې‬ ‫حالت‬ ‫ډیر‬ ‫جدې‬ ‫او‬ ‫خطرناک‬ ‫طبیعت‬ ‫او‬ ‫اهمیت‬ ‫په‬ ‫ډاګه‬ ‫کوي‬ .  ‫د‬ ‫خالصې‬ ‫مقطع‬ ‫د‬ ‫پیدا‬ ‫کولو‬ ‫لپاره‬ ‫تر‬ ‫ټولو‬ ‫غوره‬ ‫کړنالر‬ ‫د‬ ‫کمپنې‬ ‫لخوا‬ ‫ورکړل‬ ‫ش‬ ‫وي‬ ‫الرښود‬ ،‫دی‬ ‫مګر‬ ‫د‬ ‫معیار‬ ‫له‬ ‫مخې‬ ‫هر‬ ‫سورې‬ ‫اندازی‬ ‫سره‬ ‫به‬ ‫د‬ 1/8 ‫جمع‬ ‫کړل‬ ‫شي‬ . ‫ټکې‬ ‫اړین‬ : Important Points
 ‫لومړې‬ ‫مثال‬ : ‫په‬ ‫الندې‬ ‫شکل‬ ‫کې‬ ‫یو‬ A ½ x 5 ‫فوالدې‬ ‫پاڼه‬ ‫چې‬ ‫د‬ A36 ‫فوالدو‬ ‫جوړه‬ ‫شوې‬ ‫د‬ ‫کښښې‬ ‫عنصر‬ ‫په‬ ‫ډول‬ ‫درکړل‬ ،‫شوي‬ ‫د‬ ‫اتکأ‬ ‫سره‬ ‫د‬ 5/8 in ‫قطر‬ ‫لرونکې‬ ‫بولټونو‬ ‫په‬ ‫واسطه‬ ‫وصل‬ ‫شوي‬ . ‫الندې‬ ‫شکل‬ . ‫داسی‬ ‫فرض‬ ‫کړې‬ ‫چې‬ ‫فعال‬ ‫مساحت‬ ‫د‬ ‫مقطع‬ ‫مسا‬ ‫وي‬ ‫ده‬ ‫له‬ ‫خالص‬ ‫مساحت‬ ‫د‬ ‫عرضې‬ ‫مقطع‬ . ‫تاسو‬ ‫یی‬ : .i ‫د‬ LRFD ‫کړنالرې‬ ‫لپاره‬ ‫ډیزاین‬ ‫مقاومت‬ ‫پیدا‬ ‫کړي؟‬ .ii ‫د‬ ASD ‫کړنالری‬ ‫لپاره‬ ‫مجازې‬ ‫مقاومت‬ ‫پېدا‬ ‫کړي؟‬ ‫مثالونه‬ : Examples
 ‫حل‬ : Solution • ‫د‬ ‫عرضې‬ ‫مقطع‬ ‫جمله‬ ‫مساحت‬ : • ‫سیالیت‬ ‫حیالی‬ ‫مقاومت‬ ‫یی‬ ‫مساوي‬ ‫کیږي‬ : • ‫د‬ ‫عرضي‬ ‫مقطع‬ ‫فعال‬ ‫مساحت‬ ‫مساوې‬ ‫کېږي‬ : ‫ادامه‬ ‫مثال‬ ‫لومړې‬ ....
• ‫د‬ ‫غوڅېدنې‬ ‫حدی‬ ‫حالت‬ ‫مقاومت‬ ‫یی‬ ‫مساوې‬ ‫کېږي‬ : • ‫ډیزاین‬ ‫مقاومت‬ ‫سیالیت‬ ‫حدی‬ ‫حالت‬ ‫په‬ ‫اساس‬ : • ‫ډیزاین‬ ‫مقاومت‬ ‫د‬ ‫غوڅېدنې‬ ‫حدی‬ ‫حالت‬ ‫په‬ ‫اساس‬ : ‫د‬ LRFD ‫کیږی‬ ‫مساوې‬ ‫قیمت‬ ‫کوچنې‬ ‫ټولو‬ ‫تر‬ ‫مقاومت‬ ‫ډیزاین‬ ‫د‬ ‫لپاره‬ : ‫ادامه‬ ‫مثال‬ ‫لومړې‬ ....
• ‫د‬ ‫غوڅېدنې‬ ‫حدی‬ ‫حالت‬ ‫مقاومت‬ ‫یی‬ ‫مساوې‬ ‫کېږي‬ : .a ‫جز‬ LRFD - : • ‫ډیزاین‬ ‫مقاومت‬ ‫سیالیت‬ ‫حدی‬ ‫حالت‬ ‫په‬ ‫اساس‬ : • ‫ډیزاین‬ ‫مقاومت‬ ‫د‬ ‫غوڅېدنې‬ ‫حدی‬ ‫حالت‬ ‫په‬ ‫اساس‬ : ‫د‬ LRFD ‫کیږی‬ ‫مساوې‬ ‫قیمت‬ ‫کوچنې‬ ‫ټولو‬ ‫تر‬ ‫مقاومت‬ ‫ډیزاین‬ ‫د‬ ‫لپاره‬ : ‫ادامه‬ ‫مثال‬ ‫لومړې‬ ....
b . ‫جز‬ ASD- : • ‫مجازی‬ ‫مقاومت‬ ‫سیالیت‬ ‫حدی‬ ‫حالت‬ ‫په‬ ‫اساس‬ : • ‫مجازی‬ ‫مقاومت‬ ‫د‬ ‫غوڅېدنې‬ ‫حدی‬ ‫حالت‬ ‫په‬ ‫اساس‬ : ‫د‬ ASD ‫کیږی‬ ‫مساوې‬ ‫قیمت‬ ‫کوچنې‬ ‫ټولو‬ ‫تر‬ ‫مقاومت‬ ‫ډیزاین‬ ‫د‬ ‫لپاره‬ : ‫ادامه‬ ‫مثال‬ ‫لومړې‬ ....
• ‫په‬ 2.8 ‫معادله‬ ‫کې‬ ‫مو‬ ‫د‬ ‫مقاومت‬ ‫فکتور‬ ‫او‬ ‫خوندیتوب‬ ‫فکټورونو‬ ‫تر‬ ‫مینځ‬ ‫یو‬ ‫ه‬ ‫رابطه‬ ‫درلوده‬ ‫چی‬ ϕ = 1.5/Ω ‫سره‬ . • ‫پورتنې‬ ‫سوال‬ ‫کې‬ ‫د‬ LRFD ‫څخه‬ ‫السته‬ ‫راغلې‬ ‫ډیزاین‬ ‫مقاومت‬ ‫او‬ ‫د‬ ASD ‫څخه‬ ‫السته‬ ‫راغلې‬ ‫مجازی‬ ‫مقاومت‬ ‫تر‬ ‫مینځ‬ ‫الندې‬ ‫هم‬ 1.5 ‫په‬ ‫اندازه‬ ‫تفاوت‬ ‫شتون‬ ‫لري‬ . • LRFD: • ASD: 76.1 / 50.8 ≈ 1.5 • ‫د‬ ‫قوې‬ ‫تمرکز‬ ‫د‬ ‫بولټونو‬ ‫په‬ ‫برخو‬ ‫کې‬ ‫د‬ ‫خالصې‬ ‫مقطع‬ ‫مساحت‬ ‫تقریبأ‬ ‫درې‬ ‫چنده‬ ‫زیات‬ ‫دي‬ . ‫تبصره‬ ‫لنډه‬ :
• ‫یو‬ ‫انګالرن‬ ‫چی‬ ‫اندازې‬ ‫یی‬ L3½ x 3 ½ x 3/8 ‫د‬ ‫اتکأ‬ ‫سره‬ ‫د‬ 7/8 ‫انچ‬ ‫قطر‬ ‫لرونکې‬ ‫بولټونو‬ ‫په‬ ‫واسطه‬ ‫وصل‬ ‫شوي‬ ‫الندې‬ ‫شکل‬ . ‫نوموړې‬ ‫انګالرن‬ ‫د‬ A36 ‫مارک‬ ‫فوالدو‬ ‫څخه‬ ‫جوړ‬ ،‫شوی‬ 35kips ‫مړ‬ ‫بار‬ ‫او‬ 15kips ‫ژوندېو‬ ‫بارونو‬ ‫پری‬ ‫عمل‬ ،‫کړي‬ ‫فعال‬ ‫مساحت‬ 85% ‫د‬ ‫خالصې‬ ‫مقطع‬ ‫فرض‬ ‫کړل‬ ‫شوي‬ . • ‫تاسو‬ ‫یی‬ AISC ‫مشخصاتو‬ ‫ته‬ ‫په‬ ‫کتو‬ ‫سره‬ ‫د‬ ‫انګالرن‬ ‫خوندیتوب‬ ‫وڅېړی؟‬ .i LRFD ‫کړنالره‬ ‫وکاروې‬ .ii ASD ‫کړنالره‬ ‫وکاروې‬ 76.1 / 50.8 ≈ 1.5 ‫مثال‬ ‫دویم‬ :
• ‫حل‬ : ‫په‬ ‫پېل‬ ‫کې‬ ‫خیالې‬ ‫مقاومت‬ ‫محاسبه‬ ‫کاوو‬ : • ‫سیالیت‬ ‫حد‬ ‫خیالې‬ ‫مقاومت‬ : • ‫خالص‬ ‫مساحت‬ ‫یی‬ ‫مساوي‬ ‫کېږي‬ ‫له‬ : • ‫غوڅېدنې‬ ‫حد‬ ‫خیالې‬ ‫مقاومت‬ : ‫مثال‬ ‫دویم‬ : ‫ادامه‬ ...
• ‫حل‬ : A - LRFD • ‫سیالیت‬ ‫حد‬ ‫ډیزاین‬ ‫مقاومت‬ : • ‫غوڅونې‬ ‫حدی‬ ‫حالت‬ ‫ډیزاین‬ ‫مقاومت‬ : • ‫د‬ LRFD ‫کړنالرې‬ ‫په‬ ‫اساس‬ ‫د‬ ‫ډیزاین‬ ‫مقاومت‬ ‫یی‬ ‫مساوي‬ ‫کېږي‬ ‫له‬ 78.5kips ‫سره‬ : • ‫فکټورې‬ ‫قواوو‬ ‫ترکیب‬ ‫یی‬ ‫عبارت‬ ‫ده‬ ‫له‬ : • ‫د‬ ‫پایلو‬ ‫څخه‬ ‫داسی‬ ‫ښکارې‬ ‫چی‬ Required Strength < Design Strength ‫نو‬ ‫عنصر‬ ‫ډاډه‬ ‫ده‬ . ‫او‬ ‫د‬ ‫وارده‬ ‫قواوو‬ ‫په‬ ‫مقابل‬ ‫کې‬ ‫خوندي‬ ‫دي‬ . ‫مثال‬ ‫دویم‬ : ‫ادامه‬ ...
• ‫حل‬ : B - ASD ‫کړنالره‬ • ‫سیالیت‬ ‫حد‬ ‫ډیزاین‬ ‫مقاومت‬ : • ‫غوڅونې‬ ‫حدی‬ ‫حالت‬ ‫ډیزاین‬ ‫مقاومت‬ : • ‫د‬ ASD ‫کړنالرې‬ ‫په‬ ‫اساس‬ ‫د‬ ‫ډیزاین‬ ‫مقاومت‬ ‫یی‬ ‫مساوي‬ ‫کېږي‬ ‫له‬ 52.4 kips ‫سره‬ : • ‫فکټورې‬ ‫قواوو‬ ‫ترکیب‬ ‫یی‬ ‫عبارت‬ ‫ده‬ ‫له‬ : • ‫د‬ ‫پایلو‬ ‫څخه‬ ‫داسی‬ ‫ښکارې‬ ‫چی‬ Required Strength < Allowable Strength ‫نو‬ ‫عنصر‬ ‫ډاډه‬ ‫ده‬ . ‫او‬ ‫د‬ ‫وارده‬ ‫قواوو‬ ‫په‬ ‫مقابل‬ ‫کې‬ ‫خوندي‬ ‫دي‬ . ‫مثال‬ ‫دویم‬ : ‫ادامه‬ ...
• ‫سوال‬ : ‫په‬ ‫الندې‬ ‫شکل‬ ‫کې‬ ‫غبرګ‬ ‫انګالرن‬ ‫درکړل‬ ،‫شوي‬ ‫چې‬ ‫د‬ A36 ‫فوالدو‬ ‫جوړ‬ ‫دي‬ ‫او‬ ‫د‬ ½ ‫انچ‬ ‫بولټونو‬ ‫لپاره‬ ‫پکې‬ ‫سورې‬ ‫شوي‬ ‫پداسی‬ ‫حال‬ ‫کې‬ ‫چی‬ ‫د‬ ‫عرضې‬ ‫مقطع‬ ‫فعال‬ ‫مس‬ ‫احت‬ ‫یی‬ Ae = 0.75 An ‫فرض‬ ‫کړل‬ ‫شوي‬ . ‫تاسو‬ ‫یی‬ : .i ‫تاسو‬ ‫یی‬ ‫ډیزاین‬ ‫کښښی‬ ‫مقاومت‬ ‫د‬ LRFD ‫کړنالری‬ ‫په‬ ‫اساس‬ ‫پیدا‬ ‫کړي‬ .ii ‫تاسو‬ ‫یی‬ ‫مجازی‬ ‫کششی‬ ‫مقاومت‬ ‫د‬ ASD ‫کړنالرې‬ ‫په‬ ‫اساس‬ ‫پیدا‬ ‫کړي‬ ‫دنده‬ ‫کورنې‬
References: • Steel Design, William T. Segui. FIFTH Edition 2007, The University of Memphis • Structural Steel Design, Jack. C. MacCromac. 5th edition 2011. • Specification for Structural Steel Buildings, AISC Committee on Specifications, 2005 • Steel Construction Manual, AISC. 13th Edition
‫پوښتنې؟‬

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