Role of Nutraceuticals & Its Prevention of Eye Disorders

1. NUTRACEUTICALS FOR GOOD
EYE HEALTH
Submitted by : Katke S.D.
Registration No. : 2018T01P

3. The eye is protected by 3
layers: sclera, choroid,
and the retina.
The sclera is the white
covering of the eye. It is
continuous with the
cornea in the front.
The middle layer, the
choroid, is a vascular
layer lining about 3/5 of
the eyeball. It is
continuous with the iris,
which is the colored part
of eye. The innermost
layer is the retina, which
is light-sensitive and has
rods and cones.

4. EYE DISEASES
Cataract
 An eye disease that involves the clouding of the natural
lens of the eye.
 The lens is that part of the eye which helps to focus light on
the retina which in turn sends the visual signals to the
brain.
 When the lens becomes cloudy, the light is blocked and
dispersed and therefore the image appears hazy.
 For most people, Cataracts are a natural process of aging.
 It appears slowly and could be present in any one or both
the eyes.

5. Symptoms of Cataract
 Blurry, Cloudy or Fuzzy vision
 Appearance of spots in front of the eyes
 Double vision
 Colors seems Faded
 Increased sensitivity to bright light or glare
 Poor night vision
 Milky whiteness in the pupil

6. Glaucoma
 The Eye is basically hollow, like a balloon. It contains
fluid that helps keep its shape.
 New fluid comes in, old fluid is drained out.
 But sometimes the drain gets blocked – raises fluid
pressure, damages the optic nerve (irreversible).
 High fluid pressure in the Eye damages the Optic Disk.
 Peripheral vision is often lost before patients are aware of
it.
 Glaucoma is “Silent Thief of Vision”.

7. Symptoms of Glaucoma
 Rarely observed in primary stage and examination is done
during comprehensive eye test.
 The severe eye pain.
 Blurry vision.
 Blindness.
 Rainbow colored halos around eye light.

8. Age-related Macular Degeneration
 Often referred to as AMD or ARMD, which results from a
disruption of the blood circulating at the back of the eye.
 Ageing of the outer-most layer of the Retina.
 Progressive degenerate changes in the epithelium cells,
photoreceptors (rods and cones)
 AMD damages the macula, a small part of the eye's light-
sensitive retina which is responsible for seeing sharp
details directly in the center of the field of vision.
 AMD is further divided into two late-stage lesions
1. Non- Neovascular or Dry AMD
2. Neovascular or Wet AMD

10. Diabetic Retinopathy
 Diabetes affects retinal micro-vasculature
 Over time, elevated and fluctuating blood sugar
damages vessel walls
 Vessels leak fluid, lipids or blood into retina
 New vessels grow to bring more oxygen to retina
Symptoms
 Fluctuating vision
 Blurred vision
 Distortion
 Sudden loss of vision

12. Night- Blindness
 Night blindness, is a condition making it difficult or
impossible to see in relatively low light.
 Night blindness may exist from birth or be caused
by injury or malnutrition (for example, a lack
of vitamin A).
 The most common cause of night blindness
is Retinitis Pigmentosa a disorder in which the rod
cells in the retina gradually lose their ability to
respond to the light.

13. Colour- Blindness
 Color Blindness is a defect in vision that makes it
difficult / impossible for a person to distinguish
between or among colors.
 Some people may be able to see every colour but
not able to distinguish Red or Green.
 Other may not be able to distinguish Blue or
Yellow.
 Some may not be able to see colour at all but able
to see the shades of Black or White or Grey.

14. NUTRACEUTICALS
FOR GOOD EYE
HEALTH

15. Role of Vitamin- A in Vision
 Active Vitamin-A: (Retinol)
Preformed vitamin A can be obtained directly from
foods that are substantial in vitamin A.
 Pro-vitamin-A: (Beta- Carotene)
Substances that are transformed into vitamins in the
body
 Vitamin A reduces the risk of Night Blindness.

16. Role of Vitamin- E in Vision
 It may help to decrease the risk of AMD
 In order Vitamin-E to be effective for vision , it must
be consumed with adequate intake of Vitamin-C,
Vitamin-A & Zinc
Role of Vitamin- B2 in Vision
 Vitamin B2 plays a key role in eye health, and a
deficiency of this nutrient can lead to inflamed
eyelids and sensitivity to light.

17. Role of Vitamin- C in Vision
 Vitamin C helps to maintain connective tissue,
including collagen found in the cornea of the eye.
 Vitamin C also promotes healthy bones, skin and
blood vessels, including the delicate capillaries in
the retina
 Studies suggest long-term consumption of vitamin C
also may reduce the risk of forming a cataract and
vision loss from macular degeneration

18. Selenium
 Selenium works with a very important enzyme in the lens
of the eye that protects against oxidative damage.
 In fact, selenium has been shown to reduce visual deficits
due to developmental methyl-mercury exposure.
 In addition, some data has suggested that supplemental
selenium appears to slow the progression of visual loss in
diabetic retinopathy and macular degeneration.

19. Lutein and Zeaxanthin
 Lutein and Zeaxanthin are antioxidants in the carotenoid
family.
 Found in high concentrations in spinach.
 Foods that are yellow, such as egg yolk, corn, orange
juice, honeydew melon and orange pepper, are also good
sources.
 Lutein and Zeaxanthin are naturally found together, with
Lutein usually in much higher concentrations.
 They protect the retina from damage caused by sunlight.

20. Astaxanthin
 Astaxanthin is another carotenoid associated with eye
health.
 It is found in many types of seafood, including lobster,
shrimp and salmon.
 Microalgae, specifically Haematococcus pluvialis, is the
main source.
 Astaxanthin is a powerful antioxidant and is able to cross
the blood–brain barrier.

21. Lipoic Acid
 Lipoic acid has antioxidant properties.
 Helps to reduce free radical damage inside and outside
cells.
 Helps to recycle other antioxidants such as Vitamin C and
Vitamin E returning them to their oxidative states.
 Dietary sources include spinach, beef, kidney and heart.
 Doses of lipoic acid between 50 to 400 mg per day have
been suggested for general antioxidant purposes.
 Lipoic acid can lower glucose and insulin levels in people
with diabetes.

22. Pycnogenol
 Use of the pine bark extract Pycnogenol in the treatment
and prevention of diabetic retinopathy.
 Pycnogenol has been shown to be well tolerated at doses
of up to 150 mg a day in trials lasting up to eight months.
 Its mode of action also suggests possible use in the
prevention and treatment of a number of venous disorders
and in the prevention of complications after cataract
removal in people with diabetes.

23. Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA)
 DHA influences the function of Retina, and many
pathological condition.
 DHA has a role in development of visual function in
premature babies.
 Accumulation of DHA in retinal tissue is highest during the
last 3 months of pregnancy, and until 6 month after birth.
 DHA has a major role in controlling Retinitis Pigmentosa.
 DHA has also a major role in maintaining optimal visual
function.
 DHA intake has greater influence on dry eye syndrome
which can lead to corneal scarring and vision loss.

24. Blackcurrant
 Blackcurrants are a delicious, tart yet sweet fruit that
contain anthocyanins.
 More than 80% of blackcurrant anthocyanins have shown
beneficial effects specific for eye health. One of the
anthocyanins appears to relax the smooth muscle of the
eye.

25. Carrots
 Serving Size (1 medium) = 10191 IU of Vitamin A .
 When most people think of Vitamin A and eye health, they
think of carrots. It’s true that eating plenty of carrots can
improve your vision. One medium carrot accounts for over
200% of the average person’s Vitamin A needs for the day.
They’re also a great source of Vitamins C, K, and B, plus
magnesium and fiber.

26. Iceberg Lettuce
 Serving Size (1 cup shredded) = 361 IU of Vitamin A .
 The lighter green Iceberg lettuce variety is filled with
essential Vitamin A. One cup of shredded Iceberg lettuce
contains only 10 calories, and it brings a heap of other
vitamins and minerals to your body.

27. Sweet Potatoes
 One medium sweet potato provides an incredible
438% of the average adult’s Vitamin A needs for the
day, all while adding only 103 calories to your diet.
 Serving Size (1 medium), 21909 IU of Vitamin A .

28. Cod Liver Oil
 Many people take cod liver oil supplements, as they’re a
strong source of vitamins and minerals. Cod liver oil,
which comes in both liquid and capsule form, contains
Vitamin D, Vitamin A, and omega 3 fatty acids. A
tablespoon of cod liver oil will allow you to meet and
exceed the daily recommended intake of Vitamin A for
the day.
 Serving Size (1 tablespoon) = 14000 IU of Vitamin A .

29. Red Peeper
 Add a plenty of red pepper to your cooking throughout
the day and see what a positive difference it makes,
both in the flavor of your meals and in your health
overall. A tablespoon of this an impressive 42% of the
daily recommended amount of Vitamin A.
 Serving Size (1 tablespoon) = 2081 IU of Vitamin A

30. Mangoes
 Mangoes are sweet, juicy fruits that have a place both in
main dishes and on dessert plates. They also make a
great addition to a healthy, balanced diet, it have many
nutrients and vitamins they supply. One cup of sliced
mangoes provides about 36% of the daily recommended
amount of Vitamin A.
 Serving Size (1 cup sliced) = 1785 IU of Vitamin A .

31. Tomatoes
 From a botanical standpoint, tomatoes are technically a
fruit, though many people consider them to be a
vegetable. However you classify them, you should be
eating more of them, because they’re low in calories but
high in several vitamins and minerals. Just one medium
tomato provides you with 20% of your Vitamin A needs for
the day. They’re also an excellent source of Vitamin C and
lycopene.
 Serving Size (1 medium) = 1025 IU of Vitamin A .

32. Papaya
 The tropical papaya fruit is rich in several vitamins,
minerals, enzymes, and antioxidants. In particular, it’s a
viable source of Vitamin A. Just one small papaya
provides 29% of the daily recommended value. The tasty
papaya fruit is often eaten raw (minus the skin, seeds, and
leaves), but it also makes a great ingredient in fruit salads
and smoothies.
 Serving Size (1 small) = 1444 IU of Vitamin A .

33. Spinach
 Add more spinach to your diet each day, and you’ll enjoy a
wonderful boost to many aspects of your health. In
particular, make sure you’re getting enough Vitamin A by
enjoying a one-cup serving of spinach, which contains
49% of the daily recommended value. Spinach also
provides your body with Vitamin C, Vitamin K,
manganese, iron, and calcium.
 Serving Size (1 cup) = 2464 IU of Vitamin A .

34. Green Peas
 Sweet green peas make a tasty side dish to many meals,
and they’re a great supplement to a healthy diet. One
serving of peas (half a cup) provides 134% of the
recommended amount of Vitamin A, also rich in Vitamins
C, K, and B.
 Serving Size (1/2 cup) = 1680 IU of Vitamin A .