The document provides an overview of MARPOL, the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships. MARPOL includes six annexes that establish regulations for preventing various forms of pollution from ships. It was adopted in 1973 and amended in 1978, and entered into force in 1983. The annexes address pollution by oil, noxious liquid substances, harmful packaged substances, sewage, garbage, and air pollutants. The annexes also designate certain sea areas as special areas with more stringent discharge requirements.

1. z
The International Convention for the
Prevention of Pollution from Ships
An Overview of
MARPOL
Shamer Ahmed Chowdhury
Chief Engineer
Marine Engineering Faculty
15th February ,2021
1

2. z
MARPOL
 International Convention for the Prevention
of Pollution by Ships, commonly known as
MARPOL 73/78
 Adopted with the objective of preventing
and minimizing pollution from ships - both
accidental pollution and that from routine
operations
Principal Objective
2

3. z
MARPOL
 Adoption of Convention : 2nd Nov 1973
 Modification by 1978 Protocol : 1978, in
response to a string of tanker accidents in
1976-1977
 Entry into force (the combined instrument):
2nd October 1983
Timeline
3

4. z
MARPOL
There are six MARPOL annexes, namely:
 Annex I Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution
by Oil (entered into force 2 October 1983)
 Annex II Regulations for the Control of Pollution
by Noxious Liquid Substances in Bulk (entered into
force 2 October 1983)
 Annex III Prevention of Pollution by Harmful
Substances Carried by Sea in Packaged Form
(entered into force 1 July 1992)
 Annex IV Prevention of Pollution by Sewage from
Ships (entered into force 27 September 2003)
 Annex V Prevention of Pollution by Garbage from
Ships (entered into force 31 December 1988)
 Annex VI Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships
(entered into force 19 May 2005)
Annexes
4

5. z
MARPOL
Sea areas which are sensitive in nature owing
to their oceanographic and ecological
condition or due to the particular character of
traffic. These areas are protected by enhanced
regulatory measures. Special areas for
different Annexes not necessarily be the same.
Special areas
5

6. z
Annex I
 Entered into force : 2nd October 1983
 Principal issues addressed:
I. Frequency & procedure for Mandatory survey
II. Requirement for International Oil Pollution
Prevention Certificate
III. Requirement for record keeping : Oil record
book (Part I: Machinery space operation, Part II:
Cargo space operation)
IV. SOEP
V. Criteria for oil residue tanks
VI. Criteria for Oil filtering Equipment
Regulations for the
Prevention of Pollution
by Oil
6

7. z
Annex I
 Any discharge into the sea of oil or oily
mixtures from ships of 400 gross tonnage and
above shall be prohibited
 Discharge of oily mixture is acceptable when
certain conditions are fulfilled:
Machinery Space
Discharge
7

8. z
Annex I
For discharge outside special areas
 the ship is proceeding en route
 the oily mixture is processed through an oil
filtering equipment meeting the requirements (
laid down in regulation 14) & approved by the
administration:
Capable of ensuring that the oil content of the
effluent without dilution does not exceed 15
ppm(parts per million)
 the oily mixture does not originate from cargo
pump-room bilges on oil tankers;
 and the oily mixture, in case of oil tankers, is not
mixed with oil cargo residues.
Machinery space
discharge
(outside special area)
8

9. z
Annex I
For discharge in special areas
In addition to all the conditions applicable for
discharge outside special areas:
filtering equipment must be capable of
automatically shutting down discharge overboard
& triggering alarm whenever oil content of the
effluent exceeds 15 parts per million(Regulation
14.7)
Machinery Space
Discharge
(in special areas)
9

10. z
Annex I
 the North West European waters (North sea, Irish
sea, Celtic sea, English Channel, portion of the
northeast Atlantic near Ireland)
 the Baltic Sea area
 the Black Sea area
 the Red Sea area,
 the Mediterranean Sea area
 the Gulfs area,
 the Gulf of Aden,
 the Oman area of the Arabian Sea,
 the Southern South African waters
 within the Antarctic area, any discharge into the
sea of oil and oily mixtures from any ship is
forbidden
Special Areas
10

11. z
Annex I
 Within the special areas or outside of the special areas but
within 50 nm from the nearest land :
DISCHARGING FORBIDDEN with the exception of clean and
segregated ballast
 Outside the special area & more than 50 nm from the
nearest land
DISCHARGING FORBIDDEN
with the exception of clean and segregated ballast, or in the
case of meeting all of the following conditions:
I. the tanker is proceeding en route
II. the rate of discharge does not exceed 30 litres/nm
III. the total quantity of oil discharged into the sea
- does not exceed 1/30,000 of the total quantity of the
particular cargo of which the residue formed a part
IV. the tanker has in operation an oil discharge monitoring
and control system and a slop tank arrangement
(regulations 29 and 31)
Discharge from
tankers cargo area
(including pump
rooms)
11

12. z
Double hull for
Tankers
 MARPOL was amended In 1992 to make double
hull mandatory for tankers
 Tankers of 5000 dwt and more
 Ordered after 6 July 1993
 An option for alternative design was also
approved(regulation 19)
 A series of deadlines set in a number of revisions
for phasing out existing single hull tankers
 By 2008 all single-hull tankers were phased out
Synopsis of
developments
12

13. z
Annex IV
 Entry into force: 27th September 2003
 A revision was adopted on 1st April 2004 and
entered into force on 1st August 2005.
 Contains a set of regulations to control the
discharge of sewage into the sea from ships
 Defines the ships' equipment and systems for
the control of sewage discharge,
 Makes mandatory the provision of port
reception facilities for sewage
 Specifies requirements for survey and
certification
Prevention of Pollution
by Sewage from Ships
13

14. z
Annex IV
 The Annex applies to ships, engaged in international
voyages, of 400 gross tonnage and above or which
are certified to carry more than 15 persons.
 Requires ships to be equipped with either an
approved sewage treatment plant or an approved
sewage comminuting and disinfecting system or a
sewage holding tank.
Applicability &
Equipment
14

15. z
Annex IV
 The sewage has been treated in an approved
sewage treatment plant before discharge
 Ship is more than three nautical miles from
the nearest land, and the sewage has been
comminuted and disinfected using an
approved system.
 The ship is en route and more than 12 nautical
miles from the nearest land, and proceeding
at speed not less than 4 knots. Discharge to
be carried out at a moderate rate complying
discharge rate approved by the Administration
Sewage Discharge
Criteria
15

16. z
Annex IV
Currently, the Baltic Sea area is the only
Special Area under Annex IV. And applicable
to passenger ships
Special Area
16

17. z
Annex V
 Entry into force : 31 December 1988.
 Under MARPOL Annex V, garbage includes all
kinds of food, domestic and operational
waste, all plastics, cargo residues, incinerator
ashes, cooking oil, fishing gear, and animal
carcasses generated during the normal
operation of the ship and liable to be
disposed of continuously or periodically
 Requires every ship of 12 metres in length or
over to display placards notifying passengers
and crew of the disposal requirements
Prevention of
Pollution by
Garbage from Ships
17

18. z
Annex V
 Annex V requires all ships of 100 gross
tonnage and above, every ship certified to
carry 15 persons or more, must have a
garbage management plan on board
 The Plan must include written procedures
for minimizing, collecting, storing,
processing and disposing of garbage,
including the use of the equipment on
board
Garbage
Management Plan
18

19. z
Annex V
 Annex V requires all ships of 400 gross
tonnage and above and every ship which is
certified to carry 15 persons or more to
maintain a Garbage Record Book
 All disposal and incineration operations
must be recorded in Garbage Record Book
Garbage Record
Book
19

20. z
Annex V
 Annex V makes environment-related
provisions of the Polar Code mandatory
 The code requires ships trading the Polar
Regions must comply with strict
environmental provisions specific to the
harsh conditions in Polar waters – the
Arctic waters and the Antarctic area.
Polar Regions
20

21. Summary of
discharge provisions
21

22. z
Annex V
 the Mediterranean Sea area
 the Baltic Sea area
 the Black Sea area
 the Red Sea area
 the Gulfs area
 the North Sea area
 the Wider Caribbean Region and
 the Antarctic area.
Special Areas
22

23. z
Annex VI
 Adopted to contain air pollution from ships emission
 Principal focus areas :
I. Regulation 12 : Ozone-depleting substances(ODS)
II. Regulation 13 : Nitrogen Oxides(NOx)
III. Regulation 14 : Sulphur Oxides(SOx)
IV. Regulation 15: Volatile Organic Compounds(VOC)
V. Regulation 16 : Shipboard incineration
VI. Regulation 18 : Fuel Oil Quality
VII. A chapter adopted in 2011 covers mandatory technical
and operational energy efficiency measures aimed
at reducing greenhouse gas emissions from ships.
Prevention of Air
Pollution from Ships
Entry into force:
19 May 2005
23

24. z
Annex VI
 Regulation 12 deals with Ozone-depleting substances
 Prohibits any deliberate emissions of ozone-depleting
substances
 Deliberate emissions include emissions occurring in the
course of maintaining, servicing, repairing or disposing of
systems or equipment
 New installations containing ozone-depleting substances
are prohibited on all ships
 New installations containing hydrochlorofluorocarbons
(HCFCs) are permitted until 1 January 2020 (deadline already
expired)
 The substances referred to in this regulation, and equipment
containing such substances, shall be delivered to
appropriate reception facilities when removed from ships
Regulation 12
24

25. z
Annex VI
 Regulation13 deals with Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
 This regulation shall apply to:
I. each diesel engine with a power output of more
than 130 kW which is installed on a ship
constructed on or after 1 January 2000; and
II. each diesel engine with a power output of
more than 130 kW which undergoes a major
conversion on or after 1 January 2000.
Regulation 13
25

26. z
Annex VI
Exemptions :
emergency diesel engines, engines installed in
lifeboats and any device or equipment
intended to be used solely in case of
emergency
Regulation 13
Exemptions
26

27. z
Annex VI
 Regulation 13 is applicable to
 Any marine diesel engine with a power output
of more than 130 kW
 Installed on a ship constructed on or after 1
January 2000
 Have undergoes a major engine conversion
on or after that date.
 Introduces NOx Technical Code 2008
 There are 3 tiers of NOx control:
Tier I ,Tier II & Tier III
Regulation 13
27

28. z
Annex VI
 Entry into force on 1st July 2010
 Defines NOx emission limit for an engine
 Identifies engine components affecting NOx
emission
 Specify testing, survey & certification of marine
diesel engines to ensure NOx emission
compliance
 Defines record keeping of adjustment &
replacement of NOx components
NOx Technical Code
2008
28

29. z
Annex VI
 Applicable to:
ships constructed on or after 1 January 2000 or
have undergoes a major engine conversion on
or after that date
 Emission Limits :
I. 17.0 g/kw·h ,when n < 130
II. 45.0 x n(-0.2) g/kW·h when n > 130 , n< 2000
III. 9.8 g/kW·h ,when n > 2000
where n = rated engine speed (crankshaft
revolutions per
Regulation 13 – Tier I
29

30. z
Annex VI
 Applicable to:
ships constructed on or after 1st January 2011
 Emission Limits :
I. 14.4 g/kw·h ,when n < 130
II. 44.0 x n(-0.23) g/kW·h when n > 130 , n< 2000
III. 7.7 g/kW·h ,when n > 2000
where n = rated engine speed (crankshaft
revolutions per
Regulation 13 – Tier II
30

31. z
Annex VI
 Applicable to:
ships constructed on or after 1st January 2016
& plying in ECA
 Emission Limits :
I. 3.4 g/kw·h ,when n < 130
II. 9 x n(-0.2) g/kW·h when n > 130 ,n< 2000
III. 2 g/kW·h ,when n > 2000
where n = rated engine speed (crankshaft
revolutions per
Regulation 13 –Tier III
31

32. z
Annex VI
 For ships constructed on or after 1st
January 2016 : North American ECA and
the U.S. Caribbean Sea ECA
 For ships constructed on or after 1st
January 2021 : in addition to above, the
Baltic Sea ECA & the North Sea ECA
Regulation 13
ECA
32

33. z
Annex VI
 Controls emission of SOx & particulate
materials from fuel combustion
 Applicable to emissions originated from
Main engine, Auxiliary engines, Boilers and
inert gas generators on board
 Sets limit for Sulphur content in fuel to be
consumed
 Or use of approved alternative means, such
as EGCS
Regulation 14
33

34. z
Annex VI
Regulation 14
 With a view to limiting SOx emission
Regulation 14(Annex VI) sets limits for
Sulphur content in the source, that is fuel
consumed for combustion
 Over the years a string of limits for Sulphur
contents & associated deadlines have been
set
 Sulphur limits for the fuel allowable to be
consumed in ECA are far more stringent
than that for outside ECA
Limiting SOx
emission
34

35. z
Annex VI
Regulation 14
Sulphur limits for fuel(outside ECA):
I. 4.50% m/m prior to 1 January 2012
II. 3.50% m/m on and after 1 January 2012
III. 0.50% m/m on & after 1 January
2020(already in force)
Global Cap for
Sulphur Content in
Fuel
35

36. z
Annex VI
Regulation 14
Timeline for Sulphur limits in ECA:
I. 1.50% m/m prior to 1 July 2010
II. 1.00% m/m on and after 1 July 2010
III. 0.10% m/m on & after 1 January 2015
(already in force)
Sulphur Limits for
Fuel in ECA
36

37. z
Annex VI
SOx ECA:
 Baltic Sea area
 North Sea area
 North American area
 United States Caribbean Sea area
Regulation 14
ECA for SOx
37

38. z
Annex VI
Chapter 4
 Maritime Energy Efficiency is one of the key
focus areas of IMO
 Chapter 4 under Annex VI contains a set of
regulations to attain Energy Efficiency objectives
 Energy Efficiency measures are aimed at :
I. Reducing emission of Green Houses Gases(e.g.
CO2,NOx etc.)
II. Reducing emission of other pollutants
III. Energy conservation
IV. Significant fuel cost saving
Energy Efficiency
Regulations
38

39. z
Annex VI
Chapter 4
 Calculates energy efficiency of a given type of vessel
with respect to its transportation capacity
 EEDI sets minimum required energy efficiency at the design
stage for given vessel taking into account its capacity, speed,
type etc.
 It is derived working out a complex formula
 Expressed in grams CO2/ tonne.nm
 To put simply, It sets the maximum allowable CO2 emission
in grams per capacity mile(tonne.nautical mile) at its design
stage for a given vessel
 the smaller the EEDI the more energy efficient ship design
 The EEDI provides a specific figure for an individual ship
design
EEDI :
Energy Efficiency
Design Index
39

40. z
Annex V
Chapter 4
 Applicable to : new ships(post 1st Jan 2013) of
400 gross tonnage and above, employed in
international voyages
 EEDI aimed at reducing CO2 emission (grams
of CO2 per tonne.mile) in 3 phases reduction
level:
 Phase 0 : 1st Jan 2013 – 31st Dec 2014
 Phase 1 : 1st Jan 2015 – 31st Dec 2019
 Phase 2 : 1st Jan 2020 – 31st Dec 2024
 Phase 3 : 1st Jan 2025 onwards
EEDI phases
40

41. z
Annex V
Chapter 4
 SEEMP(Ship Energy Efficiency Management
Plan)
 Ships to develop SEEMP as per relevant
MEPC guidelines
 Aims at introducing innovative energy
efficiency strategies on board
 And improving existing initiatives
 Mandatory for all ship above 5000 GT since
1st Jan 2013
 SEEMP can be a part of vessel’s SMS
SEEMP
41

42. z
Annex V
Chapter 4
SEEMP is split into two parts:
I. Part 1 : Principally defines shipboard
procedures & practices aimed at improving
the energy efficiency & conservation
II. Part II ( applicable for all ships above 5000 GT)
: Focuses on record-keeping & reporting fuel
consumption.
 Makes annual reporting of fuel consumption to
administration mandatory, termed as ‘DCS’.
 DCS – Data Collection System
 DCS is mandatory from 2019
SEEMP (contd.)
42

43. z
The End
43