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1. London Metropolitan University, Faculty of Computing
CS6003ES Advanced Software Engineering
Coursework Assignment, Semester 1 (part 1), 2021/22
Module Leader: Dr. Lochandaka Ranathunga
GROUP STUDENT ID NUMBERS AND NAMES

2. Abstract
City taxi is the company for managing the taxi services. They focus on the low to mid-income
range passengers islandwide areas. They decided to align their business process and give
computerized services to the passengers for managing their pickup, drop and customer care
services. Therefore they decided to design a web-based system to reserve taxis. Their main
problem is they need to develop we based system for their business process. Therefore the
developing team decided to develop a system for fulfilling their needs.
This report has a clear analysis of the system development with step by step the proposed
solution for the project problem. The report has a detailed report of the software development
with the system evaluation process. Requirement analysis and the designing process of the
project are also included in this report. The screenshots of the implemented system, test plan and
test cases of the system are included In this report. moreover, the report has the project
methodology and project planning also.
The project deliverables are a final system with a clear test plan and test cases. Moreover, the
software requirement specification also included in this report

3. 1.0. Introduction
This project chapter provides the project summary, including scope, objectives, and the project's
problem domain, assumptions and limitations, and project deliverables. In addition
City Taxi (PVT) Ltd is a company with a focus the low to mid-level passengers in Island wide
city areas. The target passengers are motivated to use City Taxi services over that of competitors
because of the convenience and quality associated with the provided services. They requested the
system for Taxi reservations with the higher performances and Timely pick up, private usage,
and customer care facilities. Moreover they require the quality of the system for well- maintained
vehicles. They required designing a web-based system to reserve taxis for “City Taxi (PVT)
Ltd”. web development languages such as HTML, CSS, PHP, and JS will be used by the
developers to create this web application. The project's overall procedure was shared among the
developers.
1.1 .Scope of the project
The main goal of the project is to construct a web application with a user-friendly interface and
to leverage web development technologies to fully satisfy the expectations of the customer by
employing HTML, PHP for the back-end, and the JavaScript framework. In this project, the
project team said that the goal was to complete the web application within the time frame. As a
result, the job was divided utilizing their project management skills
1.2. Problem statement
The problem of the project is to develop a web-based system for progressing their business
process.
 While registering the vehicles, passengers and drivers manually, the data can be theft by a
third party. The cloud-based database system will give the safest environment to store the
data.

4.  While the reservation processes, if the reservation numbers will be increased in the traffic
time. When manually handling the process, the staff and passengers will get confused
with the process. So the system will be helpful to manage the process of reservation
 The passenger faces the issue to identify the nearby drivers. So the system database will
store all the data of the driver's location and the passenger location. The passenger can
filter the details of the nearby drivers
 If the passenger call for the reservation of the vehicle. The staff or receptionist will
register the whole details and maintain the proper documentation manually for the
process. When manually doing the process the customer or driver will face problems in
the communication or the pickup related matters
 Errors in Getting SMS for each reservation for the specific driver - When reserving the
customer, the driver and the customer needs to get a notification about their trip. In the
manual system, the time and the handling risk is high
 The payment process records need to manage in a computerized way. It will help to get
the reports for the management.
1.3. Objectives of the project
 Make a rough draft of the user interface for the web application.
 Using coding and algorithms design and implement an application.
 Produce the project final report
 create the test plan and test cases

5. 2.0. Project methodology
This chapter covers the project plan evolution. Before introducing the system, software and
system engineering are the primary concerns in this project. System engineering is used to
manage real-world changing difficulties and generate the most efficient, economic, and
robust solution. Software engineering is the study of the detailed view of design,
development, and maintenance. The developing team have chosen to work in a waterfall
method. Because, the requirements were already defined by the clients. The Waterfall
methodology is a sequential approach that works with set deadlines, requirements, and
outcomes. Individual execution teams are not required to be in constant touch with one
another in this manner and are normally self-contained unless particular integrations are
necessary.
Requirements specification
The Waterfall approach is based on the assumption that the requirements of the clients can be
acquired and understood in advance. The project team leader made every effort to fully
comprehend the client expectations. Written requirements are used to explain each stage of
the project, including expenses, assumptions, risks, dependencies, success metrics, and
completion time-frames, and are usually contained in a single document.
System Design
The developing team use scenarios, layouts, and data models to create a technical solution to
the difficulties outlined in the product requirements. First, a higher level or logical design is
established, which specifies the project's goal and scope, as well as the overall traffic flow of
each component and the integration points. After that, it's turned into a physical design with
the help of certain hardware and software technology. the software was planned to develop
using the PHP and the MySQL

6. Implementation
Following the completion of the design, technical execution began. Because arduous research
and design have already been completed, this may be the fastest phase of the Waterfall
process. This phase involved programmers writing applications based on project needs and
specifications, as well as some testing and implementation. If major changes are required
during this stage, it may be necessary to return to the design phase.
Testing or verification
Testing is required before a taxi management system can be distributed to clients to
guarantee that it is free of mistakes and that all of the requirements have been met, ensuring a
positive user experience with the program. To develop their test cases, the testing team will
leverage the client's design documents, personas, and use case scenarios.
Installation and maintenance
The maintenance phase begins after the software has been distributed to the market or
consumers. As bugs are discovered and user requests for changes are received, a team will be
formed to handle updates and the distribution of new versions.

7. 2.1. Project planning
Integrating Management in a project is keeping the entire interrelated project as a coherent
set of operations. This management plan intends to address all aspects of a project (time,
scope, cost, quality, human resource, communication, risk, procurement, stakeholder, and so
on). These are interrelated procedures that cannot be completed separately. In this
management strategy, a project charter must be created. It should begin with the project's
problem statement, scope statement, and cost-benefit analysis (financial calculations).
Similarly, to incorporate more scope after the project has begun, the project team must
recognize the need for additional resources, schedule changes, and an increase in project
activities, among other things.
This following image is the summary of the budget.
Cost of project Associated cost
Processor Intel core i3 40000
Ram 4GB 4500
Hard disk 7000
Keyboard 1000
Mouse 700
Stationery 500
Monitor 9000
Web host 10000
Travel 1000
Phone charges –communication 5000
maintenance and installation 20000
TOTAL COST Rs. 98700.00

8. The above budget planned for the whole project expenses. It cost totally Rs. 98700. As well,
the other cost of the maintenance and installation expenses is Rs. 20000.for the
communication the cost is Rs. 5000
Plan for communication management
The communication plan was developed to address communication challenges.
Communicating on projects necessitates an understanding of stakeholder requirements,
communicating with stakeholders what communication is required of them, and periodic
revisions to the communication strategy as the project's needs change. The team leader
intended to schedule meetings. They are one of the most often used modes of
communication. It is the finest approach to have verbal and nonverbal communication that
improves communication and avoids misinterpretation. Videoconferences and conference
calls
 Phone calls with team members a weekly basis. It will be useful to give team updates
and budget information; additionally, they can inquire about deliverables that require
approval. In addition, a video conference can be arranged. It will help to decrease
travel expenses. It might involve both verbal and nonverbal communication.
 Every Sunday night, project team members must send weekly reports of their System
implementation work to the project. It will aid in the preservation of the project's
goal.
Plan for risk management
The project team recognized all risks and their implications in the risk management strategy.
Furthermore, the project manager can attempt to mitigate them. The risk management plan
follows the procedures listed below.
• The hazards of the project are identified in the first step.

9. • Risks are classified as qualitative or quantitative after they have been identified. •
All risks are planned to identify their reaction, monitoring them, and controlling
the risk are also included in this management plan response
• Risk mitigation - in this process activity, all risks will be mitigated using the
appropriate solution.
Time management plan
The following Gantt chart is planned for Software development for taxi management system
project. The project will start on 1/18/2022 to 2/26/2022. The above Gantt chat planned with
the help of the WBS.
The project team managed the project using MS Project software. The program used to
effectively schedule project time. The software assists in defining the task in a step-by-step
manner, with time length and start and end dates. It also aids in the identification of project
milestones. The project manager can identify the project plan's subsequent activities.
Furthermore, MsVisio contributes to the creation of the project's work breakdown structure
(WBS).
The project works are divided through the work break down structure as major working
processes. These main processes are divided as a smaller task it will helps to the project team
to archive the project deliverable.

10. Taxi managment software
development project
Project planning
Cost managment plan
Communication
managment plan
Time managment plan
Requirements
specification
System
desiging
System
architecture
System
implementation
System
testing

11. 3.0 System requirement analysis
This chapter is a list of all the requirements that must be imposed on the software design and
verification. Other information required for the software design, verification, and maintenance is
also included in the specification
3.1 Introduction
As a result, the internet has been a popular place to manage big manual functionalities into
simple automated systems, and taxi management systems have made their way into maximum
easier and consumes less time. The Taxi Management System is a web-based application with
functionalities that are carried out across the island using a centralized database. And this system
will pave the way for the finest possible service to the passengers.
3.1.1 Purpose
The primary goal of this project is to provide taxi management with an automated system so that
work can be accomplished in less time and personnel details can be managed more effectively.
Furthermore, gain experience with an easy-to-use taxi management system.
3.1.2 Intended Audience and Reading Suggestions
Information in this document is at level that can be reviewed and understood by the different
categories of people.
3.1.3 Product Scope
This web application system will be a Taxi Management System which comprises of the
passengers’ details, drivers details, and the reservation management details.

12. 3.2 Overall Description
3.2.1 Product Perspective
The taxi Management system is an independent system which will administer by city taxi PVT
ltd. This system will consist of many users. The database connection is provided online to make
faster and easy to data revival.
3.2.2 Product Functions
• User must have valid User ID and password to login to the system
• A passenger &vehicle driver details will be registered by themselves.
• Manage all payments via online.
• Manage vehicle details
• Manage all pickup, drop details
3.2.3 User Classes and Characteristics
The system requires that the users must be knowledgeable with overall internet knowledge and
the gadget accessing too. The administrator is expected to have more skills with the interface of
the tech support system if not must undergo a trainee period.
3.2.4 Constraints
The selection of the database to use is considered carefully, since there will be a large amount of
data and lot of data traffic will also judge the database. A good database will boost up the speed
querying of data.
• HTML5 supporting browser will create an awesome experience for the use.
• The device should be enabled with internet
3.2.5 Assumptions and dependencies
The system highly relies on browsers that support HTML5 sites, the users with older versions of
Browsers of incompatible ones will need to upgrade to the newer browser versions.

13. 3.3 Specific Requirements
3.3.1 External Interface Requirements
• It will be web based application
• For better execution the system should be updated
3.3.2. User Interface Requirements
• Simple Graphical user interface (GUI) for easy navigation throughout the system
• Flexible to use
• Dynamically configurable interface
• Search functions
• Attractive to the eye through coloration and pictorial presentation
3.3.3. Software Interface Requirements
• Windows/ android/ Linux/ mac/ chrome or any other operating system
• sublime text editor
• MySQL application for installing the database
3.3.4. Communication Interface Requirements
• Internet connectivity
3.3.5. Software and hardware requirements
Minimum and maximum hardware requirements were needed for designing, developing and
implementing the application.
 Processor : Minimum Intel 3 or higher
 RAM : Minimum 4GB or higher
 Hard disk : Minimum space 160GB or higher
Minimum and maximum software requirements were needed for designing, developing and
implementing the application is as follows
 Operating system : Minimum Windows 10 or higher
 Sublime text editor
 MySQL minimum 2010

14. 3.3.6. Functional requirements
1. Passenger module
1.1. Passengers can register with the on-line system.
1.2. Once registered, they receive an email with the username and password.
1.3. Passengers can rate drivers based on their experience on trips with them.
1.4. The passenger can select the driver from the list.
1.5. The passengers’ location is set when a reserving a taxi.
2. Vehicle owners modules /drivers module
2.1. Vehicle owners/ drivers can register with the on-line system.
2.2. Once registered, they receive an email with the username and password.
2.3. Drivers are always logged in to the web-based system through their smart phones
except if they are ‘BUSY’ state.
2.4. Drivers can show their availability by choosing the ‘AVAILABLE’ and then they
will be added to the available drivers list automatically.
2.5. Once they picked a hire, driver should change the status to ‘BUSY’.
2.6. The software should show the list of drivers closest to the passenger
2.7. Drivers’ location is automatically retrieved by the web-based system
3. Reservation module
3.1. Passengers can reserve taxis through the website.
3.2. Once reserved, they receive an SMS to with the driver and the vehicle details.

15. 4. Operators module
4.1. City Taxi uses a telephone operator to reserve drivers manually.
4.2. This option is given for unregistered passengers with the system.
4.3. Once they booked over the phone, customer details will not be shown on the trip.
4.4. Customer details must be recorded in the system along with the contact number and a
SMS is received once the booking is confirmed.
5. Payment Module
5.1. The payment for the journey will be automatically calculated by the system
5.2. Passenger can pay for the journey through the system at the end.
5.3. The driver will receive a message after successful payment.
6. Vehicle module
6.1. Managing vehicle details
7. Admin module
7.1. Managing passenger details
7.2. Managing the vehicles details
7.3. Managing the drivers details
7.4. Managing the payment details
7.5. Managing the non-registered passengers

16. 3.3.7. Non-functional requirements
 The responsiveness of the system shall be high and the application shall behave as per the
user action.
 The response time and throughout time on the site shall be minimal Consistency on the
system shall be maintained across all the forms
 The layout of the site shall be kept simple and must be self-explanatory
 The application shall offer secure login option to the users to avoid unauthorized access
to the system and the information
 Advanced encryption algorithms must be integrated in the site to avoid misuse of the data
sets.
 Technical controls, such as anti-malware, anti-denial, and intrusion detection tools shall
be integrated with the site.
 The system shall provide the users with valid information at all times
 Requirements for efficiency - admins should be able to process reports more quickly,
and every admin wants to handle the system more quickly
 Delivery requirements - The entire system is expected to be completed in a short period
of time, and it will be given complete with a final report, user manual, and testing
records. The documentation will be delivered in both paper and electronic format.
 Legislative requirements- The information used must be acknowledged by authorized
individuals in order to avoid breaking the law. This information is
 Legally protected. The system's users must have desired to agree on the rules and
regulations.

17. 4.0. System designing
This chapter includes the diagram designing, three tire architecture of the system and the
graphical user interface also included in this chapter
4.1. Diagrams designing
4.1.1. Use case diagram
The Use Case Diagram is a visualization of a use-case, that is, the interaction between the
auction system and the users. A single Use Case represents a single aspect of the system
(creately.com, 2021)

18. 4.1.2. ER diagram
An Entity Relationship (ER) Diagram is a type of flowchart that illustrates how “entities” such
as people, objects or concepts relate to each other within a system. ER Diagrams are most often
used to design or debug relational databases in the fields of software engineering, business
information systems, education and research. Also known as ERDs or ER Models, they use a
defined set of symbols such as rectangles, diamonds, ovals and connecting lines to depict the
interconnectedness of entities, relationships and their attributes. They mirror grammatical
structure, with entities as nouns and relationships as verbs. (medium.co, 2021)
ER diagrams are related to data structure diagrams (DSDs), which focus on the relationships of
elements within entities instead of relationships between entities themselves

19. 4.1.3. Class diagram
The Class Diagram is the most important entity in Object-oriented analysis and design. It
describes the types of objects that exist in the system and shows the static relationships among
internal classes of the system. There are two principal kinds of static relationships: associations
and subtypes. The Class Diagram can be used to show the attributes and the operations of a class
and also the constraints that apply to the way the objects are connected. (Visual-paradigm.com,
2021)

20. 4.1.4. Activity diagram
Activity Diagrams describe how activities are coordinated to provide a service that can be
at different levels of abstraction. Typically, an event needs to be achieved by some operations,
particularly where the operation is intended to achieve several different things that require
coordination, or how the events in a single-use case relate to one another, in particular, use cases
where activities may overlap and require coordination. It is also suitable for modelling how a
collection of use cases coordinates to represent business workflows (visual-paradigm.com, 2021)
passanger module

22. Vehicle module

23. Payment module

24. 4.1.5. Sequence diagram
The Sequence Diagram depicts the overall flow of control in an object-oriented program. The top
of the diagram shows the objects as boxes and the functions that defined behaviour of the objects
that belong to each class. The messages sent between objects for dynamic communication are
represented as arrows from one object’s lifeline to another. Time progresses downward and the
sequence of interaction between different objects by the passing of messages are shown. Thus,
the Sequence Diagram represents the interactive relationship among the objects visually and
sequentially
Passenger module

25. Vehicle module
Payment module

26. 4.1.6. Database diagram
The database diagram used to identify the tables of the database and the database helped for
identifying the datatype and there are columns are going to store the data of the functionality.
The each functionality of the system is depends of the data storage.

27. 4.1.7. Algorithm of system
Pseudocodes
Flowcharts

28. 5.0. System architecture
Presentation layer / UI layer
This is the application top-most layer, where the user performs their task. The taxi management
software requires the out a form. The Presentation Layer is represented by this form. The
Presentation Layer in Windows programs is represented by Windows Forms, while the
Presentation Layer in online applications is represented by the web form. The majority of
business operations are carried out here, as the name implies. For example, they may want to
validate form input using a particular business rule after collecting it. This layer contains classes
and business entities.
Data Access Layer
The Data Access Layer sits on top of the layer. It includes methods to assist the business layer in
connecting to the database and performing CRUD activities. The Data Access Layer is
responsible for all database-related code and components. To collect data from several database
providers, people sometimes employ a platform-independent Data Access Layer

29. 6.0. System implementation
A software development environment (SDE) is the collection of hardware and software tools a
system developer uses to build software systems. When developing software, there is no need of
showing the messy part of the development process. In order to make sure the developer to
control what people see and when they have access to it, development teams use environments to
create “stages” of the app which they consider good for releasing.
Each environment has its own unique purpose. There are different standards of environments
which are used in the industry, although almost every process starts at the ‘development’ stage
and ends with ‘production’. Different organizations all have their own purposes and policies
which dictate when and how each environment is used
6.1. Detailed instructions to run the program
6.1.1. Download and install
The following system requirements needed for the installation process
1. SQL Server Management Studio 2014
SQL studio helps to develop the database of the system. While using the system, the
developer get the comfortable environment to work. Moreover, the each tables and
database creation was easy to uupdate.
2. Microsoft Visual Studio 2019
The IDE of this application gave a better place for developing the front end of the
system. it is easy to create the system code. The IDE has more libraries and
namespace. It was an easy option for the developer. The object-oriented programming
style helped to finish the system within the timeline
Codes implementation
Programming languages and development environment

30. Database implementation