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1. DataSciencewithR(DataAnalytics)
Introduc on to Shiny
Copyright NYC Data Science Academy, Supstat Inc. | All rights reserved

2. Outline
Part 1 : Shiny introduction
Part 2 : Design the User-interface
·
Structure of a Shiny App
Running an App
-
-
·
Layout
HTML Content
Headers
Formatted text
Images
-
-
-
-
-
Part 3 : Control Widgets
Part 4 : Build reactive output
Part 5 : Use datatable in Shiny Apps
·
Adding widgets-
·
Add R objects to ui.R
Build the object in server.R
render* function
-
-
-
·
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3. Part1: Shiny introduction
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4. What is Shiny?
A web application framework for R
Turn your analyses into interactive web applications
NO HTML, CSS, or JavaScript knowledge required
·
·
·
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5. Shiny features
Shiny makes it super simple for R users to turn analyses into interactive web applications
that anyone can use.
Let your users choose input parameters using friendly controls like sliders, drop-downs,
and text fields.
Easily incorporate any number of outputs like plots, tables, and summaries.
If you have some experience with R, you're just minutes away from combining the statistical
power of R with the simplicity of a web page.
·
·
·
·
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6. Example 1 : Hello shiny!
library(shiny)
runExample("01_hello")
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7. Example 2
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8. Example 3
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9. Structure of a Shiny App
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10. Structure of a Shiny App
Shiny apps have two components:
A user-interface script
A server script
·
Store in ui.Rscript
Control the layout and appearance
-
-
·
Store in server.Rscript
Instructions computer needs to build app
-
-
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11. Structure of a Shiny App
User-interface script
Here is the ui.Rscript for the Hello Shinyexample.
Defined in a source script named ui.R
Controls the layout and appearance of your app
·
·
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12. ui.R
shinyUI(fluidPage(
#Applicationtitle
titlePanel("HelloShiny!"),
#Sidebarwithasliderinputforthenumberofbins
sidebarLayout(
sidebarPanel(
sliderInput("bins",
"Numberofbins:",
min=1,
max=50,
value=30)
),
#Showaplotofthegenerateddistribution
mainPanel(
plotOutput("distPlot")
)
)
))
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13. Structure of a Shiny App
Server script
Here is the server.Rscript for the Hello Shinyexample.
Defined in a source script named server.R.
Contains instructions that your computer needs to build your app.
·
·
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14. server.R
shinyServer(function(input,output){
#Expressionthatgeneratesahistogram.Theexpressionis
#wrappedinacalltorenderPlottoindicatethat:
#
# 1)Itis"reactive"andthereforeshouldre-executeautomatically
# wheninputschange
# 2)Itsoutputtypeisaplot
output$distPlot<-renderPlot({
x <-faithful[,2] #OldFaithfulGeyserdata
bins<-seq(min(x),max(x),length.out=input$bins+1)
#drawthehistogramwiththespecifiednumberofbins
hist(x,breaks=bins,col='darkgray',border='white')
})
})
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15. Running an App
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16. Running an App
Every Shiny app has the same structure: two R scripts saved together in a directory.·
At a minimum, a Shiny app has ui.Rand server.Rfiles.-
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17. Running an App
Create a Shiny app by making a new directory and saving a ui.Rand server.Rfile inside it.
Each app will need its own unique directory.
·
·
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18. Running an App
If your Shiny app is in a directory called my_app, run it with the following code:
The first argument of runAppis the app’s directory.
Run a Shiny app by giving the name of its directory to the function runApp.
For example :
·
·
library(shiny)
runApp("~/my_app")
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19. Running an App
More examples without coding
library(shiny)
runExample("01_hello")#ahistogram
runExample("02_text")#tablesanddataframes
runExample("03_reactivity")#areactiveexpression
runExample("04_mpg")#globalvariables
runExample("05_sliders")#sliderbars
runExample("06_tabsets")#tabbedpanels
runExample("07_widgets")#helptextandsubmitbuttons
...
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20. Part2: Design the User-interface
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21. Create an empty App
ui.R
server.R
Edit the scripts to match the ones below:·
shinyUI(fluidPage(
))
shinyServer(function(input,output){
})
This code is the bare minimum needed to create a Shiny app.
The result is an empty app with a blank user-interface, an appropriate starting point for this
lesson.
·
·
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22. Layout
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23. Layout
ui.Rscripts use the function fluidPageto create a display that automatically adjusts to the
dimensions of your user’s browser window.
Lay out your app by placing elements in the function fluidPage.
·
·
#ui.R
shinyUI(fluidPage(
titlePanel("titlepanel"),
sidebarLayout(
sidebarPanel("sidebarpanel"),
mainPanel("mainpanel")
)
))
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24. Layout
It creates a UI with 3 titles:·
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25. Layout
Add elements to fluidPage
titlePaneland sidebarLayout·
The two most popular elements to add to fluidPage.
Create a basic Shiny app with a sidebar.
-
-
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26. Layout
titlePanelshow the head title.
sidebarLayoutalways takes two arguments:
·
·
sidebarPanelfunction output
mainPanelfunction output
-
default:left-
-
#ui.R
shinyUI(fluidPage(
titlePanel("titlepanel"),
##Title oftheshiny.
sidebarLayout(
sidebarPanel("sidebarpanel"),##SideBarpaneltitle
mainPanel("mainpanel") ##Mainpaneltitle
)
))
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27. Layout
Switch sidebar Panel to right
Add argument:position="right"·
shinyUI(fluidPage(
titlePanel("titlepanel"),
sidebarLayout(position="right",
sidebarPanel("sidebarpanel"),
mainPanel("mainpanel")
)
))
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28. Layout
Switch sidebar Panel to right
Add argument:position="right"·
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29. Layout
More layout design
Grid Layout
Tabsets
Navlists
Navbar Pages
etc. http://shiny.rstudio.com/articles/layout-guide.html
(http://shiny.rstudio.com/articles/layout-guide.html)
·
·
·
·
·
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30. HTML Content
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31. HTML Content
Add content to your Shiny app by placing it inside a *Panelfunction.
For example:
e.g sidebarPanel("sidebar panel").
·
·
Add the character string to the sidebarPanelfunction,-
#ui.R
shinyUI(fluidPage(
titlePanel("titlepanel"),
sidebarLayout(
sidebarPanel("sidebarpanel"),
mainPanel("mainpanel")
)
))
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32. HTML Content
Function for HTML5
SHINY FUNCTION HTML5 CREATES
p <p> A paragraph of text
h1 <h1> A first level header
h2 <h2> A second level header
... ... ...
h6 <h6> A sixth level header
a <a> A hyper link
Use one of Shiny’s HTML tag functions to add more advanced content.
These functions parallel common HTML5 tags.
·
·
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33. HTML Content
Function for HTML5
SHINY FUNCTION HTML5 CREATES
br <br> A line break (e.g. a blank line)
div <div> A division of text with a uniform style
span <span> An in‐line division of text with a uniform style
pre <pre> Text ‘as is’ in a fixed width font
code <code> A formatted block of code
img <img> An image
strong <strong> Bold text
em <em> Italicized text
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34. Headers
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35. Headers
To create a header element:
my title
Select a header function (e.g., h1or h5)
Give it the text you want to see in the header
·
·
library(shiny)
h1("mytitle")
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36. Headers
Pass the argument h1("my title")to titlePanel, sidebarPanel, or mainPanel
Put the code in your ui.Rand runApp().
·
·
#ui.R
shinyUI(fluidPage(
titlePanel("MyShinyApp"),
sidebarLayout(
sidebarPanel(),
mainPanel(
h1("Firstleveltitle"),
h2("Secondleveltitle"),
h3("Thirdleveltitle"),
h4("Fourthleveltitle"),
h5("Fifthleveltitle"),
h6("Sixthleveltitle")
)
)
))
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37. Headers
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38. Headers
My Title
h3 title in the center.
align = "center"can be used to make the title place center·
h2("MyTitle",align="center")
h3("h3titleinthecenter.",align="center")
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39. Headers : Example
align = "center"can be used to make the title place center.
Put the code in your ui.Rand runApp().·
#ui.R
shinyUI(fluidPage(
titlePanel("MyShinyApp"),
sidebarLayout(
sidebarPanel(),
mainPanel(
h1("Firstleveltitle",align="center"),
h2("Secondleveltitle",align="center"),
h3("Thirdleveltitle",align="center"),
h4("Fourthleveltitle",align="center"),
h5("Fifthleveltitle",align="center"),
h6("Sixthleveltitle",align="center")
)
)
))
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40. Headers : Example
- align="center"
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41. Formatted text
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42. Formatted text
Maybe you want:
Time to use other functions
·
some content bold
Need a line break
Put script into special type
Different color
-
-
-
-
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43. Formatted text
Put the code in your ui.Rand runApp().·
shinyUI(fluidPage(
titlePanel("MyShinyApp"),
sidebarLayout(sidebarPanel(),
mainPanel(
p("pcreatesaparagraphoftext.Note:thisparagraphisfollowedbybr(),
whichmakesablankline."),
p("Anewp()commandstartsanewparagraph.Supplyastyleattributetochange
theformatoftheentireparagraph",
style="font-family:'times';font-si16pt"),
strong("strong()makesboldtext."),
em("em()createsitalicized(i.e,emphasized)text."),
br(),
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44. Formatted text
Put the code in your ui.Rand runApp().·
code("codedisplaysyourtextsimilartocomputercode"),
div("divcreatessegmentsoftextwithasimilarstyle.Thisdivisionoftext
isallbluebecauseIpassedtheargument'style=color:blue'todiv",
style="color:blue"),
br(),
p("spandoesthesamethingasdiv,butitworkswith",
span("groupsofwords",style="color:blue"),
"thatappearinsideaparagraph.")
)
)
))
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45. Formatted text
Put the code in your ui.Rand runApp().·
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46. Images
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47. Images
Put a image in UI
Download an image from here:
Use the function img()
·
·
http://shiny.rstudio.com/tutorial/lesson2/www/bigorb.png
(http://shiny.rstudio.com/tutorial/lesson2/www/bigorb.png)
-
·
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48. Images
To insert an image, give the img()function the name of your image file as the srcargument·
img(src="my_image.png")
Must spell out this argument since imgpasses your input to an HTML tag, and srcis what
the tag expects.
Change the size by:
·
·
img(src="my_image.png",height=72,width=72)
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49. Images
The image must be in a folder named wwwin the same directory as the ui.Rscript.
Put the image into folder www
So if you want to use an image named bigorb.png, your wwwdirectory should look like this
one:
·
·
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50. Images
Put images into *Panel
Put the code in your ui.Rand runApp().·
#ui.R
shinyUI(fluidPage(
titlePanel("MyShinyApp"),
sidebarLayout(
sidebarPanel(),
mainPanel(
img(src="bigorb.png",height=400,width=400)
)
)
))
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51. Images
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52. Summary
In this section we've learned·
How to build a ui.R.
How to add different titles.
How to write different types of content.
How to add an image to your UI.
-
-
-
-
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53. Paart 3 : Control Widgets
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54. What's a widget?
A web element that users can interact with.
Shiny widgets collect a value from user.
These widgets come from the Twitter Bootstrap (http://getbootstrap.com/2.3.2/) project, a
popular open source framework for building user-interfaces.
·
Widgets provide a way for users to send messages to the Shiny app.-
·
When a user changes the widget, the value will change as well.-
·
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55. The standard Shiny widgets
FUNCTION WIDGET
actionButton Action Button
checkboxGroupInput A group of check boxes
checkboxInput A single check box
dateInput A calendar to aid date selection
dateRangeInput A pair of calendars for selecting a date range
fileInput A file upload control wizard
helpText Help text that can be added to an input form
numericInput A field to enter numbers
radioButtons A set of radio buttons
selectInput A box with choices to select from
sliderInput A slider bar
submitButton A submit button
textInput A field to enter text
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56. The widget mentioned above
Buttons
Action
Submit
Single checkbox
Choice A
Checkbox group
Choice 1
Choice 2
Choice 3
Date input
2014-01-01
Date range
2015-09-15 to
2015-09-15
File input
No file chosenChoose File
Help text
Note: help text isn't a true widget,
but it provides an easy way to
add text to accompany other
widgets.
Numeric input
1
Radio buttons
Choice 1
Choice 2
Select box Sliders Text input
Enter text...
Basic widgets
0 10050
0 10025 75
Choice 1
shinyapps.io Powered by
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57. Adding widgets
Add a widget to your app
Each widget function requires several arguments.
A namefor the widget.
label.
·
place a widget function in sidebarPanelor mainPanelin your ui.Rfile.-
·
The first two arguments for each widget are:-
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58. Adding widgets
Example : actionButton
actionButton(inputId,label,icon=NULL,...)
inputId:
label:
icon:
·
Specifies the input slot that will be used to access the value.-
·
The contents of the button or link-usually a text label, but you could also use any other
HTML, like an image.
-
·
An optional icon to appear on the button-
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59. ActionButton
TouchToRun
Adding widgets
Example : actionButton
Action Button may look like this:·
sidebarPanel(h3("ActionButton"),
actionButton(1,"TouchToRun")
)
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60. Adding widgets
Example : checkboxGroupInput
checkboxGroupInput(inputId,label,choices,selected=NULL)
inputId:
label:
choices:
selected: The values that should be initially selected, if any.
·
Input variable to assign the control's value to.-
·
Display label for the control.-
·
List of values to show checkboxes for. If elements of the list are named then that name
rather than the value is displayed to the user.
-
·
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61. Checkbox group
Choice 1
Choice 2
Choice 3
Adding widgets
Example : checkboxGroupInput
Checkbox Group Input may look as this:·
sidebarPanel(checkboxGroupInput("checkGroup",
label=h3("Checkboxgroup"),
choices=list("Choice1"=1,
"Choice2"=2,
"Choice3"=3),selected=1))
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62. Adding widgets
Example : checkboxInput
checkboxInput(inputId,label,value=FALSE)
inputId
label
value
·
Input variable to assign the control's value to.-
·
Display label for the control.-
·
Initial value (TRUE or FALSE).-
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63. Check Box Input
Choice A
Adding widgets
Example : checkboxInput
Checkbox Input may look as this:·
checkboxInput("checkbox",label="ChoiceA",value=TRUE)
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64. Adding widgets
Example : dateInput
dateInput(inputId,label,value=NULL,min=NULL,max=NULL,
format="yyyy-mm-dd",startview="month",weekstart=0,
language="en")
value:
min/max:
format:
·
The starting date. Either a Date object, or a string in yyyy-mm-dd format.-
·
The minimum/maximum allowed date. Either a Date object, or a string in yyyy-mm-dd
format.
-
·
The format of the date to display in the browser. Defaults: "yyyy-mm-dd".-
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65. Adding widgets
Example : dateInput
dateInput(inputId,label,value=NULL,min=NULL,max=NULL,
format="yyyy-mm-dd",startview="month",weekstart=0,
language="en")
startview:
weekstart:
language:
·
The date range shown when the input object is first clicked. "month" , "year", or
"decade".
-
·
Which day is the start of the week.-
·
The language used for month and day names.-
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66. Date input
Adding widgets
Example : dataInput
dateInput("date",
label=h3("Dateinput"),
value="2014-01-01")
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67. Adding widgets
Example : dateRangeInput
dateRangeInput(inputId,label,start=NULL,end=NULL,separator="to",...)
start:
end:
separator:
args are same as dateInput
·
The initial start date. Either a Date object, or a string in yyyy-mm-dd format.-
·
The initial end date. Either a Date object, or a string in yyyy-mm-dd format.-
·
String to display between the start and end input boxes.-
·
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68. Date range
to
Adding widgets
Example : dateRangeInput
dateRangeInput("dates",label=h3("Daterange"))
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69. Adding widgets
Example : leInput
fileInput(inputId,label,multiple=FALSE,accept=NULL)
multiple:
accept:
·
Whether the user should be allowed to select and upload multiple files at once.-
·
A character vector of MIME types; gives the browser a hint of what kind of files the server
is expecting.
-
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70. File input
No file chosenChoose File
Adding widgets
Example : leInput
fileInput("file",label=h3("Fileinput"))
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71. Adding widgets
Example : helpText
helpText(...)
· One or more help text strings (or other inline HTML elements)-
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72. Help text
Note: help text isn't a
true widget, but it
provides an easy way
to add text to
accompany other
widgets.
Adding widgets
Example : helpText
sidebarPanel(
h3("Helptext"),
helpText("Note:helptextisn'tatruewidget,",
"butitprovidesaneasywaytoaddtextto",
"accompanyotherwidgets."))
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73. Adding widgets
Example : numericInput
numericInput(inputId,label,value,min=NA,max=NA,step=NA)
value:
min:
max:
step:
·
Initial value-
·
Minimum allowed value-
·
Maximum allowed value-
·
Interval to use when stepping between min and max-
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74. Numeric input
1
Adding widgets
Example : numericInput
numericInput("num",
label=h3("Numericinput"),
value=1)
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75. Adding widgets
Example : radioButtons
radioButtons(inputId,label,choices,selected=NULL)
choices:
selected:
·
List of values to select from (if elements of the list are named then that name rather than
the value is displayed to the user)
-
·
The initially selected value (if not specified then defaults to the first value)-
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76. Radio buttons
Choice 1
Choice 2
Choice 3
Adding widgets
Example : radioButtons
radioButtons("radio",label=h3("Radiobuttons"),
choices=list("Choice1"=1,"Choice2"=2,
"Choice3"=3),selected=1)
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77. Adding widgets
Example : selectInput
selectInput(inputId,label,choices,selected=NULL,multiple=FALSE,
selectize=TRUE,...)
choices:
selected:
multiple:
selectize:
·
List of values to select from.-
·
The initially selected value (or multiple values if multiple = TRUE).-
·
Is selection of multiple items allowed?-
·
Whether to use selectize.js or not-
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78. Select box
Choice 1
Adding widgets
Example : selectInput
selectInput("select",label=h3("Selectbox"),
choices=list("Choice1"=1,"Choice2"=2,
"Choice3"=3),selected=1)
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79. Adding widgets
Example : sliderInput
sliderInput(inputId,label,min,max,value,step=NULL,round=FALSE,...)
min/max:
value:
step:
round:
·
The minimum/maximum value (inclusive) that can be selected.-
·
The initial value of the slider.-
·
Specifies the interval between each selectable value on the slider (NULL means no
restriction).
-
·
TRUE to round all values to the nearest integer; FALSE if no rounding is desired; or an
integer to round to that number of digits .
-
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80. Sliderbar
Adding widgets
Example : sliderInput
sidebarPanel(
sliderInput("obs","",0,1000,0)
)
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81. Adding widgets
Example : submitButton
submitButton(text="ApplyChanges",icon=NULL,...)
text:
icon:
·
Button caption-
·
Optional icon to appear on the button-
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82. SubmitButton
Submit
Adding widgets
Example : submitButton
submitButton("Submit")
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83. Adding widgets
Example : textInput
textInput(inputId,label,value="",...)
inputId:
label:
value:
·
Input variable to assign the control's value to-
·
Display label for the control-
·
Initial value-
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84. Text input
Enter text...
Adding widgets
Example : textInput
textInput("text",label=h3("Textinput"),
value="Entertext...")
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85. Part 4 : Build reactive output
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86. Preparation
Create a folder in your working directory named new_app.
Save the ui.Rand server.Rfiles that you make in this section in new_app.
·
·
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87. Two steps
You can create reactive output with a two step process.
1. Add an R object to your user-interface with ui.R.
2. Tell Shiny how to build the object in server.R.
The object will be reactive if the code that builds it calls a widget value.
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88. Create UI
There are several output functions for creating di erent type of outputs.
OUTPUT FUNCTION CREATES
htmlOutput raw HTML
imageOutput image
plotOutput plot
tableOutput table
textOutput text
uiOutput raw HTML
verbatimTextOutput text
Place the output function inside sidebarPanelor mainPanelin the ui.Rscript.·
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89. Add R objects to ui.R
Example for ui.R
Use helpText, selectInput, sideInputto input values·
shinyUI(fluidPage(
titlePanel("RATEME!"),
sidebarLayout(
sidebarPanel(
helpText("Whatdoyouthinkaboutthisapp?"),
selectInput("var",
label="Chooseonetodisplay",
choices=c("awesome","dramastic",
"admirable","wonderful"),
selected="awesome"),
sliderInput("range",
label="Persents:",
min=90,max=100,value=100)
),
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90. Add R objects to ui.R
Example for ui.R
mainPanel(
textOutput("text1")
)
)
))
Use textOutputin mailPanel to show where to place the output.
Each of the *Outputfunctions require a single argument:
a character string that Shiny will use as the name of your reactive element.
Your users will not see this name, but you will use it later.
·
·
·
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91. Show the UI
What do you think about this app?
Choose one to display
Persents:
RATE ME!
90 100
awesome
shinyapps.io Powered by
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92. Build the object in server.R
Placing a function *Outputin ui.Rtells Shiny where to display your object.
Provide R code to build the object in server.R.
Place the R code in the unnamed functionthat appears inside shinyServerin your
server.Rscript.
·
·
·
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93. Build the object in server.R
Code in the unnamed function that appears inside shinyServer·
#server.R
shinyServer(function(input,output){
output$text1<-renderText({
"Youhaveselectedthis"
})
}
)
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94. Build the object in server.R
Make sure the element name match the name of the reactive element that you created in
ui.R.
e.g. output$text1matches textOutput("text1")in ui.Rscript.
·
#server.R
shinyServer(function(input,output){
output$text1<-renderText({
"Youhaveselectedthis"
})
}
)
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95. render*function
RENDER FUNCTION CREATES
renderImage images (saved as a link to a source file)
renderPlot plots
renderPrint any printed output
renderTable data frame, matrix, other table like structures
renderText character strings
renderUI a Shiny tag object or HTML
Each entry to output should contain the output of one of Shiny’s render*functions.·
Each render*function takes a single argument:
an R expression surrounded by braces, {}.
·
Instructions that you give Shiny to store.-
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96. Make your text reactive
Use Inputand Outputin ui.R
Make your text reactive by asking Shiny to call a widget value.·
Outputstores instructions for building the R objects in your app.
Inputstores the current values of all of the widgets in your app.
·
·
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97. Make your text reactive
Example : build a reactive text
Assumed our app has two widgets: varand range.
#server.R
shinyServer(function(input,output){
output$text1<-renderText({
paste("Thisappis",input$range,"%",input$var,"!!!")
})
}
)
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98. Show it
Use runApp()to show your app
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99. Part 5 : Use datatable in Shiny Apps
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100. Use datatable in Shiny Apps
renderDataTable()
The DataTables application demonstrates HTML tables using the jQuery library DataTables.
The basic usage:
To create an output element in the UI using
·
·
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dataTableOutput(id='foo')`
Render a table on the server side using·
output$foo<-renderDataTable({data}).
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101. A simple example for renderDataTable
The script is as follows:
(It's so simple that you don't need to create ui.R,server.R)
·
runApp(list(
ui=basicPage(
h2('Themtcarsdata'),
dataTableOutput('mytable')
),
server=function(input,output){
output$mytable=renderDataTable({
mtcars
})
}
))
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102. A simple example for renderDataTable
Show it
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103. A complete example for renderDataTable
Script of ui.R:
A shiny including three datasets: mtcars,iris,diamonds.
#ui.R
library(shiny)
library(ggplot2) #forthediamondsdataset
shinyUI(pageWithSidebar(
headerPanel('ExamplesofDataTables'),
sidebarPanel(
checkboxGroupInput('show_vars','Columnsindiamondstoshow:',names(diamonds),
selected=names(diamonds)),
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104. A complete example for renderDataTable
Script of ui.R
helpText('Forthediamondsdata,wecanselectvariablestoshowinthetable;
forthemtcarsexample,weusebSortClasses=TRUEsothatsorted
columnsarecoloredsincetheyhavespecialCSSclassesattached;
fortheirisdata,wecustomizethelengthmenusowecandisplay5
rowsperpage.')
),
mainPanel(
tabsetPanel(
tabPanel('diamonds',
dataTableOutput("mytable1")),
tabPanel('mtcars',
dataTableOutput("mytable2")),
tabPanel('iris',
dataTableOutput("mytable3"))
)
)
))
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105. renderDataTable
w_vars
ALSE]
seCSSareattachedtothem
display5rowsperpagebydefault
50),iDisplayLength=5))
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106. A complete example for renderDataTable

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A complete example for renderDataTable

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Summary
In this section, you created your first reactive Shiny app. Including:·
use an *Outputfunction in the ui.Rscript to place reactive objects in your Shiny app.
use a render*function in the server.R script to tell Shiny how to build your objects.
surround R expressions by braces, {}, in each render*function.
save your render*expressions in the output list, with one entry for each reactive object
in your app.
create reactivity by including an inputvalue in a render*expression.
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