1. By: Shanice Moodie

2.  Writing is a method that is used to represent language in A visual or
tactile form. It connects people across time, space and culture. The
primary goal of writing is to convey a message. Because of the influence
of writing, individuals can learn from yesterday gain knowledge about
today and design for tomorrow.

3. Writing can also be defined as a sequence of letters or symbols forming
coherent words. You maybe writing for yourself in order to express your
feelings or to organize information in a way that is more meaningful to
you or you may be exploring how much you know about a topic. The writer
encodes a message that is decoded and interpreted by the reader. It
usually ends in an outcome such as publishing or sharing. Writing is
organized around the following stages these are: prewriting, drafting,
revising, editing and publishing or sharing.

4.  Model writing strategies by collaborating with students to write
stories.
 Demonstrate writing on charts, overhead projectors or in small groups.
This will help students especially struggling readers and writers to
understand how authors think and write.
 Shared writing and interactive writing are examples of processes that
would model the aspects of writing.

7. What does it mean to assess writing?
Assessment of student writing and performance in the class should occur
at many different stages and it should come in many different forms. It is
during this process, teachers usually take on different roles such as
motivator, collaborator, and evaluator.

8. Methods of assessing students writing
cont’d
Teacher Observation
This a way of assessing students
Progress and needs. Taking the time
to observe children is an important
Role of the teacher and this should be
carried out to the best of their ability.

9. Portfolio
This tool deals with the assessing of
writing. It is used to identify students
growth, progress and the development
in literacy.

10. Writing is an imperative aspect in the school curriculum as it encourages effective
teaching and learning in the classroom through the following ways:
It allows children to make decisions about what, how and when to write.
Encourages risk –taking.
Foster positive attitudes to writing.
Encourages children’s belief in their ability to write.
 Inform students that writing is primarily about communication; encourage them to
socialize frequently .

11. 1. Use writing activities that are likely to provide successful experience.
2. Establish a positive atmosphere for writing, reading, learning
3. Foster positive attitudes to writing. Give them praise by placing
stickers in their books for example very good, nice work or keep it up.
4. Arrange for students to respond to, and use a variety of materials
written for a
variety of purposes and audiences.
5. Involve children in their own writing development. The more they write
the more they will improve on their writing skills and so you could test
skills writing.

12. 6. They should develop their own knowledge about writing. The more they read the
more their vocabulary expands and so they will get wider knowledge in writing and this
will develop their critical thinking, literacy skill and they will be better able to express
themselves.
7. Emphasizing writing for communication. Tell the students the importance of writing
for communication

13. What is the writing process?
The writing process can be defined as an approach to writing that views it as an
ongoing experience .It consist of prewriting, drafting, revising, editing, and
publishing, each stage of which has its own guidelines and procedures.

14. Stages of writing
Stage 1: Prewriting (Think)
 Students choose a topics
 Students gather and organize ideas
 Students identify the audience to whom they will write
 Students identify the purpose of the writing activity
 Students brainstorm ideas about the topic
 Students choose an appropriate form for their compositions based on audience and
purpose

15. Stage 2: Drafting
 Students write a rough draft
Students write leads to grab their readers’ attention
Students emphasise content rather than mechanics

16. Stage 3: Revising (Make it Better)
Students read what they have written again
Students share their writing in groups
Students participate constructively in discussions about classmate’s writing
Students make changes in their compositions to reflect the reactions and
comments of both teacher and classmates
Between the first and final drafts, students make substantive rather than only
minor changes

17. Stage 4: Editing (Make it Correct)
Students proof read their own compositions
Students help proofread classmates compositions
Students correct their own mechanical errors; change words that are not used
correctly , correct spelling, capitalizations and punctuation

18. Stage 5: Publishing (Share the finished product)
Students publish their own writing in an appropriate form
Students share their finished writing with an appropriate audience

19. When a person writes something he or she has a purpose for writing. Some of
these purposes are:
1.For Fluency- Fluent pieces of writing are easier and more enjoyable to read
as the words are organized in a logical fashion and the overall message of the
piece is easy to understand.

20. 2. For Application Purposes – when children are writing they
write informally to analyse and synthesize their learning, and they
write formally to apply their knowledge when they write stories, reports.
E.g. Capital letter for the beginning of a sentence, full stop at the end
of each sentence.