This document discusses transformers, including their history, principles of operation, construction, types, applications, and need. Transformers transfer electrical energy from one circuit to another through electromagnetic induction without changing frequency. The first transformer was developed in 1885 by Z.B.D. It works by inducing an electromotive force in a secondary winding through a changing magnetic field generated by a primary winding. Transformers can be classified based on their construction, windings, and coolant material. They are used for impedance matching, voltage transformation in power applications, and adjusting voltages for appliances and transmission.
2. Contents
1. Introduction
2. History of transformer
3. Principle
4. Construction
5. Types of Transformer
6. Application
7. Need of transformer
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3. Introduction
▪ Transformer is a static device. It transfer electrical energy from one
part of the electrical or electronic circuit to other part of circuit
without changing the frequency. It works on the Michal Faradays law
of Electromagnetic Mutual Induction.
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4. History of transformer
The first transformer was developed by Ottó Bláthy, Miksa Déri, Károly
Zipernowsky (Z.B.D Transformer) in 1885.
Further In 1885 William Stanley makes the transformer more practical
due to some design changes and developed a three phase
transformer.
The design of William Stanley was first commercially used in the U.S.A in
1886
5. Principle
▪ It works on the principle of Electromagnetic Mutual Induction.
▪ Electromagnetic Mutual Induction:
▪ When the current is provided to the Primary Winding it behaves
as electromagnet due to this the EMF is induced in the Secondary
winding as it comes in the area having magnetic field lines due to
primary Winding.
▪ Vs = Ns.dΦ/dt
▪ Vs = Secondary Winding Voltage.
▪ Ns = Secondary Winding Turns .
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6. Construction
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Laminated
Core
Cores are designed not to have current in it. But still there is a
leakages current Or the eddy current present in it. To minimize
these current the cores are laminated.
Winding Made up of copper or aluminum coated with very
thin layer of insulation.
Tank The main function of conservator tank of transformer is to
provide adequate space for expansion of oil inside the
transformer. It is usually Cylindrical or cubical.
Isolation It is provided by using Synthetic Oil between Core
and Tank.
Breather When the temperature changes occur in Transformer insulating oil, the oil
expands or contracts and there an exchange of air also occurs when
transformer is fully loaded. When transformer gets cooled, the oil level goes
down and air gets absorbed within.
7. Types of Transformer
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Transformer
Basis of
Construction
Basis of Winding
Basis of coolant
material used
1.Core type
transformer
2.Shell type
transformer
3.Spiral core
transformer
1.Step up
transformer
2.Step down
transformer
3.Isolation
transformer
1.Oil filled self
cooling
2.Oil filled
water cooling
3.Air blast
8. ▪ Core type transformer: Its core has two limbs.The windings are
wounded on two limbs of the core material.
▪ Shell type transformer: Its core has three limbs and two windows.
Both the windings are wounded on the central limb.(one over the
other)
▪ Spiral core transformer: The core constructed is similar to wheels
of spokes. The windings are wounded these spokes like structure.
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Basis of construction
9. Basis of Windings
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Step up Transformer: The no of windings on Primary side is less than the no.
of windings on the secondary side.
Np < Ns
Step down Transformer: The no. of winding on Primary side are more than
the no. of windings on the secondary side.
Np > Ns
Isolation Transformer: The no. of winding on Primary side are equal to the
no. of windings on the secondary side.
Np = Ns
10. Basis of coolant material used
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Oil filled self cooling: Oil filled self cooled type uses small and medium-
sized distribution transformers. The assembled windings and core of such
transformers are mounted in a welded, oil-tight steel tanks provided with a
steel cover. The oil helps in transferring the heat from the core and the
windings to the case from where it is radiated out to the surroundings.
Oil filled water cooled: This type is used for much more economic
construction of large transformers. The cooling coil is mounted near the surface
of the oil, through which cold water keeps circulating. This water carries the
heat from the device.
Air Blast: This type is used for transformers that use voltages below 25,000
volts. The transformer is used at houses.
11. Application
1.The transformer used for impedance matching.
2. It is used to increase or decrease the alternating voltages in electric
power applications.
3. The transformer used for step up low voltage in case of measurement.
4. It is used in voltage regulators, voltage stabilizers, power supplies etc.
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12. Need of transformer
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1.In most cases, appliances are manufactured to work under
some specific voltages. Transformers are used to adjust
the voltages to a proper level.
2. The transformers are the basic components for the transmission of
the electricity.
3. By increasing the voltages the loss of the electricity in the transmission
purpose is minimized.
