Learn how to setup Samba and NFS in ubuntu server-ubuntu client and ubuntu server-windows client. Also, comparsion of NAS vs SAN, NAS vs DAS, why we are using NAS, its comonents and challanges with actual real world scenario that what if we use NAS and what if we not use NAS.

1. By:-
Shashank Bhatnagar
( M.Tech­2015­AN­16 )
Tapesh Mandal
( M.Tech­2015­AN­18 )

2. Flow of Presentation:­
1) What is NAS ?
2) Why we use NAS?
1) Actual real world scenario
2) Benefits of NAS
3) NAS Components
4) Types of Network File Sharing Protocols
5) Samba
1) Implementation in Ubuntu of Samba
2) SMB Prompt
3) Samba in Ubuntu­Windows
6) NFS
1) Implementation in Ubuntu of NFS
2) NFS in Ubuntu­Windows
1) Feature of Windows ­ Services for NFS
2) How to use NFS in Windows
7) Comparisions
1) NAS v/s SAN 3) Samba v/s NFS
2) NAS v/s DAS 4) Samba v/s CIFS
8) NAS challenges

3. What is NAS?
Network­attached storage (NAS) is a
✔ file­level
✔ computer data storage server
✔ connected to a computer network
✔ providing data access to a heterogeneous group of clients.

4. NAS is specialized for serving files either by its
hardware, software, or configuration.
NAS systems are networked appliances which contain
one or more storage drives, often arranged into logical,
redundant storage containers or RAID.
So, Basically,
Storage device which directly attached to the network is
called network attached storage(NAS)

5. Why we use NAS ?
➢ Actual Real World Scenario
➢ Benifits of NAS

6. Actual real world scenario :­
✔
If we are Not Using NAS
✔ If we are Using NAS

7. Scenario ::­ If we are Not Using NAS
Everyone has different attached
storage
If Update, then must be updated
everyone
If 1GB of storage, then, total 4GB
require, in which everyone has
the same copy of 1 GB

8. Scenario ::­ If we are Using NAS
Everyone now has the same
workspace of 1GB through
Network
If Updated by one , will reflect to
others
Use of 1GB inplace of 4GB

9. Example Scenario ::­ (Computer Lab)
When we are doing our computer practicals in the lab, we can connect
or Map Network Drive to save our practicals in it, which can be later
evaluated by the faculty by accessing your folder into the drive.
Also, when some software needs to be install or some common file
needs to be share, its very easy for server to share it with everyone
using this network drive.
This Mapped Network Drive will look like as local drive of your computer.

10. Mapped Network Drive looking
like a Local Drive

11. Benefits of NAS ::­
1. Supports global information access
2. Improves accessibility
3. Provide flexibility
4. Centralizes storage
5. Simplifies management
6. Scalability
7. High Availability – through native clustering
8. Provides security integration through environment
(user authentication & authorization)

12. 1. Supports global information access
➢ Enables greater file sharing, even over a long distance
➢ Can share data across platforms
2. Improves accessibility
➢ Eliminates bottlenecks encountered when accessing files from central file
server
➢ Relieves general­purpose servers of many file management operations,
improving performance of those servers
3. Provide flexibility
➢ works with many types of clients on both UNIX and Microsoft Windows
platforms using Industry standard protocols.
4. Centralizes storage
➢ minimizes duplication on client workstations, reducing management
complexity and improving data protection.

13. 5. Simplifies management
➢ leverages existing security infrastructure through standard network
protocols. Single point of management for multiple systems for multiple data
sets. Identifies data by file name and byte offsets, transfers file data or file
meta­data.
6. Scalability
➢ Due to its high performance, low latency design, enables NAS to scale well
and depending upon utilization profiles, address many differing types of
business applications.
7. High Availability – through native clustering
➢ Can safely centralize large amounts of user data behind a single NAS device
with redundant networking equipment to provide maximum connectivity
options.
➢ Clustering technology for failover in the event of filer failure
8. Provides security integration through environment
➢ (user authentication & authorization) Handles security, user
authentication, and file locking in conjunction with industry standard
security schemas

14. NAS Components:­
Windows
UNIX
NFS
IP
NAS Head
Storage Array
NFS CIFS
NAS Device OS
Storage Interface
Network Interface

15. A NAS device is made up of the following components:
NAS head (CPU and Memory)
One or more network interface cards (NICs), which provide connectivity
To the network.
Examples of NICs include Gigabit Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, ATM, and
Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI).
An optimized operating system for managing NAS functionality
NFS and CIFS protocols for stack file sharing
Industry­standard storage protocols to connect and manage physical
disk resources, such as ATA, SCSI, or FC
The NAS environment includes clients accessing a NAS device over an
IP network using standard protocols.

16. Types of Network file sharing
protocols:­
 NFS­Network File System
 Samba

17. SAMBA
 SAMBA in
Ubuntu Server ­ Ubuntu
Client
 SMB prompt
 SAMBA in
Ubuntu Server – Windows
Client

18. SAMBA in
Ubuntu Server ­ Ubuntu Client
Steps for Configuration of Ubuntu Server:­
Step 1:­ “install SAMBA”
sudo apt­get install samba samba­common
Step 2:­ “Configure smb.conf”
sudo nano ­w /etc/samba/smb.conf
So, towards the end of the file,
[tapsmb]
path = /home/tapesh/Desktop/tapsmb
browsable = yes
writable = yes
read only = no
guest ok = yes

20. Step 3:­ “compiling”:­
testparm
Which gives error , like,
rlimit error
So, to solve this error,
Sudo nano /etc/sercurity/limits.conf
At the end of the file, add lines,
<domain> <type> <item> <value>
* – nofile 16384
Root – nofile 16384
● Wildcard * for default entry,
● group and wildcard limits are not applied to root. To apply a
limit to the root user, <domain> must be the literal username
root.
● nofile ­ max number of open files

22. Step 4:­ “Add user“
Sudo smbpasswd ­a tapesh
Passwd
Retype passwd
Added user
Step 5:­ “change the permission of the folder
created in /home/tapesh/Desktop/tapsmb ”
Sudo chown tapesh:tapesh tapsmb
Here, so if we are in above path then just folder name
otherwise complete path required.

23. Step 6:­ “reload, restart, status”:­
After any change we need to reload and restart samba server
For reload:­
sudo /etc/init.d/samba reload
For restart:­
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart
For status:­
sudo /etc/init.d/samba status

25. Steps for Configuration of
Ubuntu Client:­
Step 1:­ “install prerequisites”:­
Sudo apt­get install nautilus­share smbclient
Step 2:­ “connect to server”:­
Sudo //server­ip//share­folder ­U user­name
So, after successful execution of above steps, you will get a
smb prompt. Now, you can access shared files.
smb:>

26. To List public
smb share

27. SMB Prompt

28. SAMBA in
Ubuntu Server – Windows Client
Step 1:­ ping to the server from client:­

29. Step 2:­ Now, go to the network tab in windows explorer
and refresh it, if it show the connected PC then okey but if
not, then jus type the ip address of the server into the
address bar and hit enter. The below shown screen
showing the shared folder by the server.
Shared folder by
server
Ip­address
of server

30. Inside
shared
folder by
server

31. NFS
 NFS in
Ubuntu Server ­ Ubuntu Client
 NFS in
Ubuntu Server – Windows Client

32. NFS in
Ubuntu Server ­ Ubuntu Client
Steps for Configuration of Ubuntu Server:­
Step 1:­ “install NFS”:­
sudo apt­get install nfs­kernel­server nfs­common
Step 2:­ “add the shared folders to the export file”:­
sudo nano /etc/exports

33. NFS in
Ubuntu Server ­ Ubuntu Client
Step 3­ “restart NFS server”:­
sudo /etc/init.d/nfs­kernel­server restart
Step 4:­ “display export folders”
showmount ­e

34. NFS in
Ubuntu Server ­ Ubuntu Client
Step 5­ “host allow”:­
sudo /etc/host.allow
Step 6:­ “host deny”:­
Sudo /etc/host.deny

35. NFS in
Ubuntu Server ­ Ubuntu Client
Steps for Configuration of Ubuntu client:­
Step 1:­ “ping server to check connection”:­
Step 2: “show shared folders”:­
Showmount ­e ip­address­of­server

36. Step 3:­ “access the shared folder according to
the permission assigned by server”:­
Sudo mount ­t nfs ip­address­of­server :shared­folder
/home folder of
server mounted
as /media

37. NFS in
Ubuntu Server ­ Windows Client
Step 1:­ install windows services from control panel
“services for NFS”
Just do check the check­boxes against the option and
do install

38. Step 2:­ “mounting”
In cmd,
mount ip­address­of­servershared­folder­name drive­letter :
So, simultaneously also we can mount all the shared folder
which are visible as a local drive in my computer
Home folder of server
mounted as drive I in
windows

39. Mounted home folder
seen as a local drive
tmp also can be
mounted similarly
and
simultaneously

40. Step 3:­ “unmounting”
In cmd,
Umount [­f] { ­a | drive }
where, ­f for forcefully and ­a for all and drive showing the drive letter
which you specify will get unmounted. Curly braces stands for options
Drive Z: is
unmounted now, if
we use ­a option in­
place of drive letter,
all drives will get
unmounted

41. Comparisions

42. NAS v/s SAN

43. NAS
(Network Attached Storage)
SAN
(Storage Area Network)
1.) Almost any machine that
connects to a LAN ( or is it
interconnect to a LAN via WAN) may
utilize NFS, CIFS or HTTP to connect
to a NAS
1.) Server class devices that are
euipped with SCSI fiber channel
adapters connect to a SAN. A fiber
channel based solution has a
distance limit of approximately 6
miles
2.) A NAS identifies the data by file
name and byte offset, transfers file
data or metadata, and handles
security, user authentication, file
locking
2.) A SAN addresses the data by
logical block numbers, and transfers
the data in (raw) disk blocks.
3.) A NAS allows greater sharing of
information, especially among
different operating systems.
3.) File sharing is operating system
dependent and may not exist for all
operating systems that are being
used
4.) File system is managed by the
NAS head units
4.) The host server is manage by file
server

44. NAS
(Network Attached Storage)
SAN
(Storage Area Network)
5.) Backups and mirrors are
generated on files
5.) Backups and mirrors are
generated on block
6.) NAS solutions utilize TCP/IP
based network, such as Ethernet
6.) SAN uses Fiber channel
connection (Fiber / copper)
7.) Communicates at the File level
like:­
“Create­file­MyHomeWork.doc”
Or
“read­file­Budget.xls”
7.) Communicates at the Block Level
Like:­
“read­block­thirty­four”
Or
“write­block­five­hundred­and­two”
8.) LAN Backup 8.) LAN free Backup
9.) Large Blocks of Data 9.) Large Nos. of small Blocks

45. NAS v/s DAS

46. NAS DAS
1.) For large businesses that
require several servers to store
data
1.) It can provide a viable storage
and backup solution for small
businesses
2.) high initial cost but system
can be easily expanded and the
cost after initial setup is
relatively low
2.) Low initial cost for setup but
cost increases as the system
expands
3.) high scalability 3.) limited scalability
4.) Better fault tolerance 4.) Poor fault tolerance as clients
connect directly to the server
that contains the storage

47. NAS DAS
5.) No limitation 5.) Limitation in the number of
devices as host bus adapter can
only support a limited number of
drives
6.) It specializes in file­level
access
6.) ideal for both block level
access ( access particular data in
a file ) and file­level access
( access complete files ) running
simultaneously
7.) connects to a server with
ethernet
7.) connects to the server
through host bus adapter
8.) Simplicity of setups even
non­IT personnels can setup
8.) Takes specialized people to
setup

48. NAS DAS
9.) Adds storage by simply
attaching to the network
9.) It adds storage by attaching
to the server
10.) NAS supports both NFS and
CIFS
10.) May or may not support
both
11.) Replication of data is
possible
11.) Does not support replication

49. Samba v/s NFS

50. Samba NFS
1.) Works naturally on both Unix
and non­unix systems
1.) Tailormade for unix and unix
like systems
2.) Implementation of SMB/CIFS
protocol
2.) was developed by sun
microsystems
3.) it is just a remaging of CIFS 3.) NFS is a protocol that allows
a user to access files over a
network
4.) NFS has 4 versions latest of
which includes a stateful
protocol
4.) Samba has multiple versions,
the latest of which file and print
sharing between multiple
computers

51. Samba NFS
5.) SMB does not have unix like
semantics
5.) NFS provides normal unix file
system semantics
6) SMB uses authentication
using a username / password
6.) NFS relies entirely on “trust”
security though
7.) samba can be slower in some
cases
7.) NFS is generally faster
8.) Samba is a way to manage
windows network file systems on
a Linux plateform
8.) NFS is a way to mount
remote file systems on UNIX so
they look local
9.) Samba is an emulation of the
file system . It is a protocol
9.) NFS is a file system

52. Samba v/s CIFS

53. Samba CIFS
Was originally SMB server It is an extension of SMB
protocol. Poor performance over
higher latencey networks.

54. NAS Challenges
1)Speed
1)Network Latency and Congestion
2)Protocol stack inefficiency
3)Application response requirements
2)Reliability
3)Connectivity
4)Scalability

55. Speed
● Network latency and congestion
● Protocol stack inefficiency
● encapsulation, possessor overhead, and relatively
small payload
● Application response requirements
Reliability
● Due to the large geographical coverage of enterprise
networks there are inherent possibilities for network
failures, but with redundancy planning these issues can
be minimized.
● Centralized storage silos may become single points of
failure without remote mirroring or backup facilities.
NAS Challenges

56. Connectivity
● Without newly emerging technologies, iSCSI, FCIP & iFCP,
many applications required block level access therefore
excluding NAS as a solution for businesses
Scalability
● Although NAS devices can scale to terabytes of storage
capacity, once the capacity is exhausted the only way to
expand is to add additional devices. This can cause
additional problems when data center real estate is at a
premium
● Once a NAS device is fully populated, including external
storage enclosures, the only remaining scaling option is to
buy another system. When data center real estate is at a
premium this can be seen as a major limitation.
NAS Challenges

57. Thank You