2. The active production of useful plants or animals in
ecosystems that have been created by people.
Agriculture may include cultivating the SOIL,
growing and harvestingCROPS, and
raising LIVESTOCK. Agriculture was independently
developed in many places, including the Middle
East, East Asia, South Asia, and the Americas. The
earliest evidence for agriculture has been found in
the Middle East and dates to between 14,500 and
12,000 BP. Early cultivars include wild barley
(Middle East), millet (China), and squash (the
Americas). The domestication of many animals now
considered to be livestock occurred during roughly
the same period, although DOGS were domesticated
AGRICULTURE
3. •4. Farm SystemAgriculture or farming can be lookedat as a system. The important inputare seeds, fertilisers, machinery andlabour. Some of the operations involve
Farm SystemAgriculture or farming
can be lookedat as a system. The
important inputare seeds, fertilisers,
machinery andlabour. Some of the
operations involvedare ploughing,
sowing, irrigation,weeding and
harvesting. The outputsfrom the
system include crops, wool,diary and
poultry products
FARM SYSTEM
4.
5. This type of farming is
practiced to meet the needs of
farmer’s family.
This farming can be further
classified as
1.Intensive subsistence
2.Primitive subsistence
6. In this farming farmer
cultivates a small plot of
land using simple tools
and more labours
7. 1.Shifting cultivation
It is also known as ‘SLASH and BURN’ agriculture
In this type of farming ,herds man move from
place to place with there animals for fodder
and water.
8. Commercial Farming
In commercial farming crops are
grown and animals are reared for
sale in market
The area cultivated and the
amount of capital used is large
9. Mixed Farming
In mixed farming the land is used for
growing food,fodder crops and rearing
livestock
It is practiced in Europe, eastern
USA, Argentina, southeast Australia,
New Zealand and South Africa.
10. It is a type of commercial
farming where single crop
of tea, coffee,
sugarcane, cashew,
rubber, banana or cotton
are grown
19. TEA
Tea is a beverage crop grown on
plantations. This requires cool
climate and well distributed high
rainfall throughout the year for
the growth of its tender leaves.
20. AGRICULTURE
DEVELOPMENT
Agricultural development refers to efforts made to
increase farm production in order to meet the
growing demand of increasing population. This can
be achieved in many ways such as increasing the
cropped area, the number ofcrops grown, improving
irrigation facilities, use of fertilisers and high yielding
variety of seeds. Mechanisation of agriculture is also
another aspect of agricultural development. The
ultimate aim of agricultural development is to
increase food secutiry.
21.
22.
23. Before 2000-01 and 2007-08 agriculture value
added grew at a phenomenal 9.6% per year.
That drives home the magnitude of Gujarat’s
performance.
Gujarat is drought prone, with 70% of its area
classified as semi-arid and arid.
By the mid-1990s, groundwater extraction
exceeded natural recharge in 31 talukas, & 90% of
the safe extraction yield in another 12 talukas.
24. Gujarat has promoted drip irrigation, badly needed to conserve water in
semi-arid districts.
Farmers contributed 5% initially. Then a state-owned company provides
50% as subsidy, and arranges a bank loan for the balance of 45%.
Modi’s Jyotigram scheme for power has provided regular, high-quality
electricity to villages, greatly helping farming.
25. This has facilitated a switch to high-value crops
like mango, banana and wheat, which need assured
water.
The fastest growth in crops has been in wheat,
followed by cotton and fruits and vegetables.
Private seed companies have brought in new
technology for several crops, ranging from bajra
to castor, but above all in Bt cotton.
26. New institutional arrangements like contract farming have helped
improve marketing.
The state has helped catalyse production, notably in water
harvesting.
Jyotigram looks least likely to be replicated because it abandons
the free-but-unreliable rural power that politicians regard as vote-
winner in most states.
